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Validation in models
====================
Before we get into the specifics of validation syntax, please keep the
following rules in mind:
- Validation is defined in the `Schema`
- Validation occurs when a document attempts to be saved, after defaults have
been applied.
- Mongoose doesn't care about complex error message construction. Errors have
type identifiers. For example, `"min"` is the identifier for the error
triggered when a number doesn't meet the minimum value. The path and value
that triggered the error can be accessed in the `ValidationError` object.
- Validation is an internal piece of middleware
- Validation is asynchronously recursive: when you call `Model#save`, embedded
documents validation is executed. If an error happens, your `Model#save`
callback receives it.
## Simple validation
Simple validation is declared by passing a function to `validate` and an error
type to your `SchemaType` \(please read the chapter on [model definition](/docs/model-definition.html) to learn
more about schemas).
function validator (v) {
return v.length > 5;
};
new Schema({
name: { type: String, validate: [validator, 'my error type'] }
})
If you find this syntax too clumsy, you can also define the type
var schema = new Schema({
name: String
})
and then your validator
schema.path('name').validate(function (v) {
return v.length > 5;
}, 'my error type');
## Regular expressions
If you want to test a certain value against a regular expression:
var schema = new Schema({
name: { type: String, validate: /[a-z]/ }
});
## Asynchronous validation
If you define a validator function with two parameters, like:
schema.path('name').validate(function (v, fn) {
// my logic
}, 'my error type');
Then the function `fn` has to be called with `true` or `false`, depending on
whether the validator passed. This allows for calling other models and querying
data asynchronously from your validator.
## Built in validators
Strings:
- `enum`: takes a list of allowed values. Example:
var Post = new Schema({
type: { type: String, enum: ['page', 'post', 'link'] }
})
Numbers:
- `min`: minimum value
var Person = new Schema({
age: { type: Number, min: 5 }
})
- `max`: maxmimum value
var Person = new Schema({
age: { type: Number, max: 100 }
})
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