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<div class='site_name'>MegaPixels</div>
<div class='splash'>TownCentre</div>
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<section class='intro_section' style='background-image: url(https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/oxford_town_centre/assets/background.jpg)'><div class='inner'><div class='hero_desc'><span class='bgpad'>Oxford Town Centre is a dataset of surveillance camera footage from Cornmarket St Oxford, England</span></div><div class='hero_subdesc'><span class='bgpad'>The Oxford Town Centre dataset includes approximately 2,200 identities and is used for research and development of face recognition systems
</span></div></div></section><section><h2>Oxford Town Centre</h2>
</section><section><div class='right-sidebar'><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Published</div>
<div>2009</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Videos</div>
<div>1 </div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Identities</div>
<div>2,200 </div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Purpose</div>
<div>Person detection, gaze estimation</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Funded by</div>
<div>EU FP6 Hermes project and Oxford Risk </div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Download Size</div>
<div>0.147 GB</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Website</div>
<div><a href='http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/ActiveVision/Research/Projects/2009bbenfold_headpose/project.html' target='_blank' rel='nofollow noopener'>ox.ac.uk</a></div>
</div></div><p>The Oxford Town Centre dataset is a CCTV video of pedestrians in a busy downtown area in Oxford used for research and development of activity and face recognition systems.<a class="footnote_shim" name="[^ben_benfold_orig]_1"> </a><a href="#[^ben_benfold_orig]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 1">1</a> The CCTV video was obtained from a public surveillance camera at the corner of Cornmarket and Market St. in Oxford, England and includes approximately 2,200 people. Since its publication in 2009<a class="footnote_shim" name="[^guiding_surveillance]_1"> </a><a href="#[^guiding_surveillance]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 2">2</a> the Oxford Town Centre dataset has been used in over 80 verified research projects including commercial research by Amazon, Disney, OSRAM, and Huawei; and academic research in China, Israel, Russia, Singapore, the US, and Germany among dozens more.</p>
<p>The Oxford Town Centre dataset is unique in that it uses footage from a public surveillance camera that would otherwise be designated for public safety. The video shows that the pedestrians act normally and unrehearsed indicating they neither knew of or consented to participation in the research project.</p>
</section><section>
<h3>Who used TownCentre?</h3>
<p>
This bar chart presents a ranking of the top countries where dataset citations originated. Mouse over individual columns to see yearly totals. These charts show at most the top 10 countries.
</p>
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<!-- <div style="position: absolute;top: 0px;right: -55px;width: 180px;font-size: 14px;">Labeled Faces in the Wild Dataset<br><span class="numc" style="font-size: 11px;">20 citations</span>
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<h3>Biometric Trade Routes</h3>
<p>
To help understand how TownCentre has been used around the world by commercial, military, and academic organizations; existing publicly available research citing Oxford Town Centre was collected, verified, and geocoded to show the biometric trade routes of people appearing in the images. Click on the markers to reveal research projects at that location.
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<ul class="map-legend">
<li class="edu">Academic</li>
<li class="com">Commercial</li>
<li class="gov">Military / Government</li>
</ul>
<div class="source">Citation data is collected using <a href="https://semanticscholar.org" target="_blank">SemanticScholar.org</a> then dataset usage verified and geolocated.</div >
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<section class="applet_container">
<h3>Dataset Citations</h3>
<p>
The dataset citations used in the visualizations were collected from <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org">Semantic Scholar</a>, a website which aggregates and indexes research papers. Each citation was geocoded using names of institutions found in the PDF front matter, or as listed on other resources. These papers have been manually verified to show that researchers downloaded and used the dataset to train or test machine learning algorithms.
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<h2>Supplementary Information</h2>
</section><section><h3>Location</h3>
<p>The street location of the camera used for the Oxford Town Centre dataset was confirmed by matching the road, benches, and store signs <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@51.7528162,-1.2581152,3a,50.3y,310.59h,87.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s3FsGN-PqYC-VhQGjWgmBdQ!2e0!5s20120601T000000!7i13312!8i6656">source</a>. At that location, two public CCTV cameras exist mounted on the side of the Northgate House building at 13-20 Cornmarket St. Because of the lower camera's mounting pole directionality, a view from a private camera in the building across the street can be ruled out because it would have to show more of silhouette of the lower camera's mounting pole. Two options remain: either the public CCTV camera mounted to the side of the building was used or the researchers mounted their own camera to the side of the building in the same location. Because the researchers used many other existing public CCTV cameras for their <a href="http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/ActiveVision/Research/Projects/2009bbenfold_headpose/project.html">research projects</a> it is likely that they would also be able to access to this camera.</p>
<p>To discredit the theory that this public CCTV is only seen pointing the other way in Google Street View images, at least one public photo shows the upper CCTV camera <a href="https://www.oxcivicsoc.org.uk/northgate-house-cornmarket/">pointing in the same direction</a> as the Oxford Town Centre dataset proving the camera can and has been rotated before.</p>
<p>As for the capture date, the text on the storefront display shows a sale happening from December 2nd – 7th indicating the capture date was between or just before those dates. The capture year is either 2008 or 2007 since prior to 2007 the Carphone Warehouse (<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/katieportwin/364492063/in/photolist-4meWFE-yd7rw-yd7X6-5sDHuc-yd7DN-59CpEK-5GoHAc-yd7Zh-3G2uJP-yd7US-5GomQH-4peYpq-4bAEwm-PALEr-58RkAp-5pHEkf-5v7fGq-4q1J9W-4kypQ2-5KX2Eu-yd7MV-yd7p6-4McgWb-5pJ55w-24N9gj-37u9LK-4FVcKQ-a81Enz-5qNhTG-59CrMZ-2yuwYM-5oagH5-59CdsP-4FVcKN-4PdxhC-5Lhr2j-2PAd2d-5hAwvk-zsQSG-4Cdr4F-3dUPEi-9B1RZ6-2hv5NY-4G5qwP-HCHBW-4JiuC4-4Pdr9Y-584aEV-2GYBEc-HCPkp/">photo</a>, <a href="http://www.oxfordhistory.org.uk/cornmarket/west/47_51.html">history</a>) did not exist at this location. Since the sweaters in the GAP window display are more similar to those in a <a href="web.archive.org/web/20081201002524/http://www.gap.com/">GAP website snapshot</a> from November 2007, our guess is that the footage was obtained during late November or early December 2007. The lack of street vendors and slight waste residue near the bench suggests that is was probably a weekday after rubbish removal.</p>
</section><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/oxford_town_centre/assets/oxford_town_centre_cctv.jpg' alt=' Footage from this public CCTV camera was used to create the Oxford Town Centre dataset. Image sources: Google Street View (<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@51.7528162,-1.2581152,3a,50.3y,310.59h,87.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s3FsGN-PqYC-VhQGjWgmBdQ!2e0!5s20120601T000000!7i13312!8i6656">map</a>)'><div class='caption'> Footage from this public CCTV camera was used to create the Oxford Town Centre dataset. Image sources: Google Street View (<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@51.7528162,-1.2581152,3a,50.3y,310.59h,87.23t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s3FsGN-PqYC-VhQGjWgmBdQ!2e0!5s20120601T000000!7i13312!8i6656">map</a>)</div></div></section><section><div class='columns columns-'><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/oxford_town_centre/assets/oxford_town_centre_sal_body.jpg' alt=' Heat map body visualization of the pedestrians detected in the Oxford Town Centre dataset © megapixels.cc'><div class='caption'> Heat map body visualization of the pedestrians detected in the Oxford Town Centre dataset © megapixels.cc</div></div></section><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/oxford_town_centre/assets/oxford_town_centre_sal_face.jpg' alt=' Heat map face visualization of the pedestrians detected in the Oxford Town Centre dataset © megapixels.cc'><div class='caption'> Heat map face visualization of the pedestrians detected in the Oxford Town Centre dataset © megapixels.cc</div></div></section></div></section><section>
<h4>Cite Our Work</h4>
<p>
If you use our data, research, or graphics please cite our work:
<pre id="cite-bibtex">
@online{megapixels,
author = {Harvey, Adam. LaPlace, Jules.},
title = {MegaPixels: Origins, Ethics, and Privacy Implications of Publicly Available Face Recognition Image Datasets},
year = 2019,
url = {https://megapixels.cc/},
urldate = {2019-04-18}
}</pre>
</p>
</section><section><h3>References</h3><section><ul class="footnotes"><li><a name="[^ben_benfold_orig]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^ben_benfold_orig]_1">a</a></span><p>Benfold, Ben and Reid, Ian. "Stable Multi-Target Tracking in Real-Time Surveillance Video". CVPR 2011. Pages 3457-3464.</p>
</li><li><a name="[^guiding_surveillance]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^guiding_surveillance]_1">a</a></span><p>"Guiding Visual Surveillance by Tracking Human Attention". 2009.</p>
</li></ul></section></section>
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