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<!doctype html>
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<title>MegaPixels</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Adam Harvey" />
<meta name="description" content="Brainwash is a dataset of webcam images taken from the Brainwash Cafe in San Francisco in 2014" />
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<div class='site_name'>MegaPixels</div>
<div class='splash'>Brainwash Dataset</div>
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<a href="/datasets/">Datasets</a>
<a href="/about/">About</a>
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<section class='intro_section' style='background-image: url(https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/brainwash/assets/background.jpg)'><div class='inner'><div class='hero_desc'><span class='bgpad'>Brainwash is a dataset of webcam images taken from the Brainwash Cafe in San Francisco in 2014</span></div><div class='hero_subdesc'><span class='bgpad'>The Brainwash dataset includes 11,918 images of "everyday life of a busy downtown cafe" and is used for training head detection surveillance algorithms
</span></div></div></section><section><h2>Brainwash Dataset</h2>
</section><section><div class='right-sidebar'><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Published</div>
<div>2015</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Images</div>
<div>11,917 </div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Purpose</div>
<div>Head detection</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Created by</div>
<div>Stanford University (US), Max Planck Institute for Informatics (DE)</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Funded by</div>
<div>Max Planck Center for Visual Computing and Communication</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Download Size</div>
<div>4.1 GB</div>
</div><div class='meta'>
<div class='gray'>Website</div>
<div><a href='https://purl.stanford.edu/sx925dc9385' target='_blank' rel='nofollow noopener'>stanford.edu</a></div>
</div></div><p><em>Brainwash</em> is a head detection dataset created from San Francisco's Brainwash Cafe livecam footage. It includes 11,918 images of "everyday life of a busy downtown cafe"<a class="footnote_shim" name="[^readme]_1"> </a><a href="#[^readme]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 1">1</a> captured at 100 second intervals throught the entire day. Brainwash dataset was captured during 3 days in 2014: October 27, November 13, and November 24. According the author's reserach paper introducing the dataset, the images were acquired with the help of Angelcam.com.<a class="footnote_shim" name="[^end_to_end]_1"> </a><a href="#[^end_to_end]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 2">2</a></p>
<p>Brainwash is not a widely used dataset but since its publication by Stanford University in 2015, it has notably appeared in several research papers from the National University of Defense Technology in Changsha, China. In 2016 and in 2017 researchers there conducted studies on detecting people's heads in crowded scenes for the purpose of surveillance. <a class="footnote_shim" name="[^localized_region_context]_1"> </a><a href="#[^localized_region_context]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 3">3</a> <a class="footnote_shim" name="[^replacement_algorithm]_1"> </a><a href="#[^replacement_algorithm]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 4">4</a></p>
<p>If you happen to have been at Brainwash cafe in San Francisco at any time on October 26, November 13, or November 24 in 2014 you are most likely included in the Brainwash dataset and have unwittingly contributed to surveillance research.</p>
</section><section>
<h3>Who used Brainwash Dataset?</h3>
<p>
This bar chart presents a ranking of the top countries where dataset citations originated. Mouse over individual columns to see yearly totals. These charts show at most the top 10 countries.
</p>
</section>
<section class="applet_container">
<!-- <div style="position: absolute;top: 0px;right: -55px;width: 180px;font-size: 14px;">Labeled Faces in the Wild Dataset<br><span class="numc" style="font-size: 11px;">20 citations</span>
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<h3>Biometric Trade Routes</h3>
<p>
To help understand how Brainwash Dataset has been used around the world by commercial, military, and academic organizations; existing publicly available research citing Brainwash Dataset was collected, verified, and geocoded to show the biometric trade routes of people appearing in the images. Click on the markers to reveal research projects at that location.
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<ul class="map-legend">
<li class="edu">Academic</li>
<li class="com">Commercial</li>
<li class="gov">Military / Government</li>
</ul>
<div class="source">Citation data is collected using <a href="https://semanticscholar.org" target="_blank">SemanticScholar.org</a> then dataset usage verified and geolocated.</div >
</div>
<section class="applet_container">
<h3>Dataset Citations</h3>
<p>
The dataset citations used in the visualizations were collected from <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org">Semantic Scholar</a>, a website which aggregates and indexes research papers. Each citation was geocoded using names of institutions found in the PDF front matter, or as listed on other resources. These papers have been manually verified to show that researchers downloaded and used the dataset to train or test machine learning algorithms.
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<h2>Supplementary Information</h2>
</section><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/brainwash/assets/brainwash_saliency_map.jpg' alt=' A visualization of 81,973 head annotations from the Brainwash dataset training partition. © megapixels.cc'><div class='caption'> A visualization of 81,973 head annotations from the Brainwash dataset training partition. © megapixels.cc</div></div></section><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/brainwash/assets/00425000_960.jpg' alt=' An sample image from the Brainwash dataset used for training face and head detection algorithms for surveillance. The datset contains about 12,000 images. License: Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication (PDDL)'><div class='caption'> An sample image from the Brainwash dataset used for training face and head detection algorithms for surveillance. The datset contains about 12,000 images. License: Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication (PDDL)</div></div></section><section class='images'><div class='image'><img src='https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/megapixels/v1/datasets/brainwash/assets/brainwash_montage.jpg' alt=' 49 of the 11,918 images included in the Brainwash dataset. License: Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication (PDDL)'><div class='caption'> 49 of the 11,918 images included in the Brainwash dataset. License: Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication (PDDL)</div></div></section><section><p>TODO</p>
<ul>
<li>change supp images to 2x2 grid with bboxes</li>
<li>add bounding boxes to the header image</li>
<li>remake montage with randomized images, with bboxes</li>
<li>add ethics link to Stanford</li>
<li>add optout info</li>
</ul>
</section><section>
<h4>Cite Our Work</h4>
<p>
If you use our data, research, or graphics please cite our work:
<pre id="cite-bibtex">
@online{megapixels,
author = {Harvey, Adam. LaPlace, Jules.},
title = {MegaPixels: Origins, Ethics, and Privacy Implications of Publicly Available Face Recognition Image Datasets},
year = 2019,
url = {https://megapixels.cc/},
urldate = {2019-04-20}
}</pre>
</p>
</section><section><h3>References</h3><section><ul class="footnotes"><li><a name="[^readme]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^readme]_1">a</a></span><p>"readme.txt" <a href="https://exhibits.stanford.edu/data/catalog/sx925dc9385">https://exhibits.stanford.edu/data/catalog/sx925dc9385</a>.</p>
</li><li><a name="[^end_to_end]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^end_to_end]_1">a</a></span><p>Stewart, Russel. Andriluka, Mykhaylo. "End-to-end people detection in crowded scenes". 2016.</p>
</li><li><a name="[^localized_region_context]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^localized_region_context]_1">a</a></span><p>Li, Y. and Dou, Y. and Liu, X. and Li, T. Localized Region Context and Object Feature Fusion for People Head Detection. ICIP16 Proceedings. 2016. Pages 594-598.</p>
</li><li><a name="[^replacement_algorithm]" class="footnote_shim"></a><span class="backlinks"><a href="#[^replacement_algorithm]_1">a</a></span><p>Zhao. X, Wang Y, Dou, Y. A Replacement Algorithm of Non-Maximum Suppression Base on Graph Clustering.</p>
</li></ul></section></section>
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