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"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China"
"Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"
"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras"
"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology"
"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"
University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW
"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"
"Research Center CENTIA, Electronics and Mechatronics"
Bielefeld University
"National University of Singapore, Singapore"
Datta Meghe College of Engineering
"Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Korea"
Pondicherry Engineering College
Jahangirnagar University
Australian National University and NICTA
Tsinghua University
University of Texas
"Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran"
Banaras Hindu University
"Beijing Institute of Technology, China"
"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA"
"Northeastern University, MA, USA"
"DSP Lab, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"
"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Water Resources University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"
State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS
"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"
"Adobe Systems, Inc., 345 Park Ave, San Jose, CA"
"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-844, Rep"
"University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L3G1, Canada"
"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego"
"engineering, Government College of Engineering Kannur, Kerala, India"
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rapporteur
University of Memphis
"Computer Vision Group, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany"
"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"
"University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea"
"Chandigarh Engg. College, Mohali, Punjab, India"
"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical College, Song Shan Hu"
"Technical University Munich, Germany"
"Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-T03), and project MMT-8115038 of the Shun Hing Institute of"
University of Illinois at
"Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK"
Purdue University
"Institute of Informatics,  Istanbul Technical University,  Istanbul, 34469, TURKEY"
"Information Engineering, P. O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"
"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, PA, USA"
"Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom"
"State Key Lab of CADandCG, College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"
"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY"
Ho Chi Minh City University of Science
c(cid:13)The Chinese University of Hong Kong
"Institute of Deep Learning, Baidu Research"
"Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
"University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States"
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College"
"SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai-603 203, Tamilnadu, India"
"University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai"
"Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"
"aDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA"
"Lab of Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"
"Faculty of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands"
"M.P.M. College, Bhopal, India"
"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"
"NEC Laboratories America, Inc"
"CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China"
"State Key Lab. LIESMARS, Wuhan University, China"
"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Signal Processing Institute"
"Peking University, Beijing, China"
"The University of Electro-Communications, JAPAN"
IBM China Research Lab
Formerly: Texas AandM University
"DIT UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN"
"IslamicAzad University, Qazvin, Iran"
"University of Central Florida, Orlando"
"Nokia Research Center, Tampere, Finland"
"Sharda University, Greater Noida, India"
"Science, University of Amsterdam"
"University of St Andrews, United Kingdom"
"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"
"Universit  Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR"
"ITEE, The University of Queensland, Australia"
Plymouth University
"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Israel"
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences (IISIS
"West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America, 2. IIIT Delhi, New Delhi"
Mans eld College
"University of Barcelona, Spain"
"Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee"
"Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey"
Gangnung-Wonju National University
"Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China"
"Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"
Queensland University of Technology (QUT
Taizhou University
"University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gij n"
"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"
Computer and Vision Research Center
Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from
"Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China"
"ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences"
"Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics School, Flinders University, Australia"
B.S. University of Central Florida
"BECS, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Finland"
"University of Notre Dame. Notre Dame, IN 46556.USA"
"Brown University, Providence, RI"
"Grad. School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University"
"Alin Moldoveanu, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest"
"University of Cambridge, UK 2Carnegie Mellon University, USA"
"The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA"
"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology"
"iMinds - Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium"
"Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"
"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"
University of Wisconsin-Madison
"Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hong Kong, China"
"GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA"
"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha"
"P. O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"
"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University"
"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"
"University Hospital Jena, Germany"
"University of Oradea 410087, Universitatii 1, Romania"
Institute of control science and engineering
"to process in all the illumination conditions, including total"
"Institute for Information Technology and Communications (IIKT), Otto-von-Guericke-University"
Guangdong Medical College
"Columbia University, New York NY 10027, USA"
"Tsinghua University, State Key Lab. of Intelligent"
"Technology, Nanjing University of Aero"
"Computer Science Division, The Open University of Israel, Israel"
Wayne State University
University of Nottingham
Massachusettes Institute of Technology
"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone"
"University of Technology, Sydney, Australia"
"Pompeu Fabra University, Spain"
"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania"
Queen Mary University of London
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada"
Shandong Women s University
"University of the South Paci c, Fiji"
"Chu Hai College of Higher Education, Hong Kong"
"Tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media Sciences, Technologies and Systems"
"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"
University of Michigan
University of California at Berkeley
University of Cambridge
"University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"
University of Leeds
The University of Texas at Austin
Semarang State University
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
"MISC Laboratory, Constantine 2 University, Constantine, Algeria"
"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University"
"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology"
"School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University"
Northeastern University 2Microsoft Research 3City University of New York
"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA"
"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"
"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"
Cambridge Research Laboratory
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"
"Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA"
"Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"
"School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"
"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University, China"
"Electrical, Electronics and Automation Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute"
"Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India"
facultyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencesarti cialintelligence22-09-2016|1ATitleA.UthorRijksuniversiteitGroningenSomeFaculty
"BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"
"Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coru na, Coru na, Spain"
"Bar Ilan University, Israel"
"University of Freiburg, Instit ut f ur Informatik"
National University of singapore
"cid:63) Faculty of Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics, Kingston University London"
"S.R.C.E.M, Banmore, RGPV, University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"
"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China"
"Qihoo 360 AI Institute, Beijing, China"
University of Barcelona
"Bo gazic i University, Istanbul, Turkey"
"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing"
"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"
Hacettepe University
Bas kent University
Vector Institute for Arti cial Intelligence
"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, China"
"USA, 2Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine"
"Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China"
"ECE, National University of Singapore, Singapore"
The University of York
"Nanjing, 210094, China, 3 School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"
"cid:2) Imperial College London, United Kingdom"
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MIT
"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Arnesano, LE, Italy"
"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of"
Okayama University
"Center for Automation Research (CfAR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD"
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST
Dalle Molle Institute for Arti cial Intelligence
"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA"
"United States of America, State University of New York Albany, Albany, New York"
"Research Institute, 138 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea"
"Lab, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. 3Clinical"
"Mancha, Spain, Imperial College, London, UK"
"Rm 1365, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA"
"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"
"University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, UK"
"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"
The Open University
"Xi an Jiaotong University, China"
"Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular"
"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan, Nanyang, 473000, P.R"
"Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand"
"Columbia University, USA"
"Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea"
The Weizmann Institute of
"University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"
"Institute of Systems and Robotics - University of Coimbra, Portugal"
"Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India"
"Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Japan"
"College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"
"Curtin University, Perth, Australia"
"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal"
"King Saud University, Riyadh"
"Y ld z Teknik University, Istanbul, TR"
"Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh"
Institute of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR
"Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"
"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK"
University of Oxford
"Samsung RandD Institute America - Dallas, 1301 East Lookout Drive, Richardson, TX 75082, USA"
University of Information
"University of Queensland, School of ITEE, QLD 4072, Australia"
The Ohio State University
"Amazon, Inc"
Research Center  E. Piaggio
"University of Vienna, Austria"
AI Institute
"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"
University of Oulu
"Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), University of Central Florida (UCF"
University of Washington
"IIIS, Tsinghua University"
Monash University
A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements
Malaviya National Institute of Technology
"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University"
OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
M. Mark Everingham University of Leeds
Sakarya University
Otto von Guericke University
"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany"
University of Science and Technology of China
"School of Data Science, Fudan University, China"
Nanyang Technological University
"Division of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea"
"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing"
The University of Electro-Communications
OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY
"University of Groningen, The Netherlands"
"Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, India"
"Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong"
Korea University
"Istanbul Technical University,  Istanbul, 34469, TURKEY"
"School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Australia"
"Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"
"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"
"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China"
University of Science and
"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"
"Iftm University, Moradabad-244001 U.P"
Institute of Automation
Moradabad Institute of Technology
University of California Santa Barbara
University of California Davis
"VSB Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic"
"University of Denver, Denver, CO"
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
University of California at Berkeley / ICSI
"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil, e-mail: ander"
"University of Notre Dame, USA"
"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, 100871, China"
"Imperial College London, London, UK"
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Chubu University
University of Posts and Telecommunications
IMPERIAL COLLEGE
"The school of Data Science, Fudan University"
Rutgers University
"IBM Watson Research Center, Armonk, NY, USA"
"School of Computer Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China"
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"
University of Groningen
"Dartmouth College, 6211 Sudiko  Lab, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"
Cyprus University of Technology
"S J B Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"
"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"
"Oxford University, UK"
"Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China"
"Dnyanopasak College Parbhani, M.S, India"
"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea"
"Exploratory Computer Vision Group, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"
"Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"
"Final Year Student, M.Tech IT, Vel Tech Dr. RR andDr. SR Technical University, Chennai"
c(cid:176) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. All rights reserved
"f Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania"
Middlesex University London
"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"
"Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 38, 72076 T bingen, Germany"
FL
"University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"
"DPDCE, University IUAV, Santa Croce 1957, 30135 Venice, Italy"
Gdansk University of Technology
Rice University
"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Utrecht, The"
"Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"
"Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China"
Queensland University of Technology(QUT
Amherst College
"LITIS EA 4108-QuantIF Team, University of Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France"
"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"
"Paran a Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil"
"University of Crete, Crete, 73100, Greece"
Mme Tinne Tuytelaars Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Japan
"University of Twente, The Netherlands"
"Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, INDIA"
"The School of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University"
the Chinese University of Hong Kong
University of Amsterdam
"Correspondence should be addressed to: Astrid C. Homan, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein"
"Language and Brain Lab, Simon Fraser University, Canada"
"Image Processing Center, Beihang University"
East China Normal University
"Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"
"United States of America, State University of New York Albany, Albany"
"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"
"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"
Northeastern University
"University POLITEHNICA Timisoara, Timisoara, 300223, Romania"
"National University of Kaohsiung, 811 Kaohsiung, Taiwan"
University of Northern British Columbia
"Technical University in Prague, 166 27 Prague 6, Technick a 2 Czech Republic"
"California Institute of Technology, USA"
"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"
"Computer Vision Research Group, COMSATS Institute of Information"
Temple University
"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"
"University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany"
"Australian National University, and NICTA"
"Deparment of Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK"
"Engineering, University of Dundee"
"Advanced Digital Sciences Center (ADSC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Singapore"
"QCIS Centre, FEIT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"
"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"
"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwestern University, Xi an710127, Shanxi, China"
"Interactive and Digital Media Institute, National University of Singapore, SG"
Islamic Azad University
Institute of Computing Technology
"Ultra College of Engineering and Technology for Women, India"
via Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2367321. Please refer to
"University of California, Riverside CA 92521-0425, USA"
"Caarmel Engineering College, MG University, Kerala, India"
University of Wisconsin Madison
Meiji University
Digital Media Research Center
"Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong"
Achariya college of Engineering Technology
"Graz University of Technology, Austria"
UNIVERSITY OF OULU
"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK"
Sun Yat-sen University
"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA"
"Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"
"Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University"
"Shaoguan University, Da Tang Lu"
"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"
"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, INDIA"
Brown University
Nanjing University of Science and
"University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA"
"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"
"PanimalarInstitute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India"
Imperial College London / Twente University
University of Oradea
Submitted to the Institute for Graduate Studies in
"Computer vision and Remote Sensing, Berlin university of Technology"
"Toyota College, 2-1 Eisei, Toyota-shi, Aichi, 471-8525 Japan"
"Held at R.C.Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharastra, India"
"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China"
"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi an 710071 China"
Xiamen University
"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK"
"Federal University Technology Akure, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria"
"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg"
"Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3 SYSU-CMU Shunde International"
"Aberystwyth University, UK"
"University of Pisa, Largo Lucio"
Institute of Computer Science
"Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju rez"
"University of Florence, Italy"
Punjabi University Patiala
"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of"
"University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq"
"DCMandB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 4 SCS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"
"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology"
"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan"
"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla"
K. N. Toosi University of
Institute of
"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta"
DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY
"School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom"
"University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"
"P.G. Student, SRV Engineering College, sembodai, India"
Sungkyunkwan University
"Vision Systems, Inc"
"Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, McGovern Institute, MIT"
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"
"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia"
"bDiscipline of Business Analytics, The University of Sydney Business School"
Bournemouth University
"CVSSP, University of Surrey"
The University of Tokyo
"GREYC UMR CNRS 6072 ENSICAEN-Image Team, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard Mar echal Juin"
"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, P.R.China"
"School of Computing, Staffordshire University"
"VISILAB group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I.Industriales, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela s.n, 13071 Spain"
"IIIT-Delhi, India, 2West Virginia University"
Stony Brook University Hospital
"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"
"School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire"
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Ural Federal University (UrFU
"Principal, Chaithanya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kakinada, AP, India"
any other University
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"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta"
Indiana University
"Kingston University, UK"
"The Open University of Israel, Israel"
"Michigan State University, East Lansing MI"
"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology"
"Dep. of Applied Mathematics and Analysis, University of Barcelona, Spain"
Research Center and Laboratoire
"UC Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si 446-701, Korea"
"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland"
"aSchool of Technology, University of Campinas"
University of Waterloo
"Birkbeck College, University of London"
Istanbul Technical University
"Y. Li, University of Maryland"
"Global Big Data Technologies Centre (GBDTC), University of Technology Sydney, Australia"
"Indian Institute of Informaiton Technology, Allahabad, India"
"Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"
"EEMCS, University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands"
"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK"
"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"
"Baingio Pinna, University of"
B.S. (Cornell University
"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"
"Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong"
"Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
Northwestern University) to T.E. We thank Vincent De Gardelle for helpful comments on an earlier version of
"Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland"
Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
"Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"
"Dalian University of Technology, China"
"ISTMT, University of Tunis El Manar Address: 9, Rue Docteur Zouhe r Safi   1006; 3Faculty of Medicine of Tunis; Address"
"RMIT University, Australia"
"China-Singapore Institute of Digital Media, Singapore"
Curtin University of Technology
"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland"
"Cognitive Arti cial Intelligence, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht"
"cid:130) Computer Perception Lab, California State University, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA"
Massachusetts Institute
"School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"
"SICE, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University"
"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr a ka cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"
"Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland"
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"
"Research Center  E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"
"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia"
"B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai-48, India"
"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi"
"Computer Vision Group, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India"
University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research
"University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1188, USA"
"b Computer Science, School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney"
"San Jose State University, San Jose, CA"
"University of Exeter, UK"
"Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"
"Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA"
"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
"Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur"
"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2G4, Canada"
"Division of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA e-mail"
"Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea"
"University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA"
"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"
"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain"
"Human-friendly Welfare Robotic System Engineering Research Center, KAIST"
China University of Mining and Technol
"Northeastern University, Boston, USA"
"UniversityofMaryland, CollegePark, MD"
"Sorbonne Universit s, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France"
to Michigan State University
University of Kentucky
"Beijing Normal University, China"
University of North Carolina Wilmington
HoHai University
"University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R.China"
"CollegePark, MD"
"Human Computer Interaction Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea"
National Taiwan University of Science and
"University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK"
"M.Tech Scholar, MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram"
"Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"
UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE
"School of Mathematical Science, Peking University, China"
"Dartmouth College, NH 03755 USA"
"MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram"
yAristotle University of Thessaloniki
"The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"
"State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Moscow, Russia"
"Australian National University, Canberra"
"SRI International, Menlo Park California / *Brooklyn College, Brooklyn New York"
"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University"
"Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA"
"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"
"Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt
"University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"
"School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China"
"Amsterdam; and 3Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, University of Amsterdam"
"Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Germany"
Oregon State University
"University of Technology, Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"
"SRV Engineering College, sembodai, india"
"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ"
Imperial College London
"in signed languages, including American Sign Language (ASL). Gestures such"
"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"
"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ"
Middle East Technical University
"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"
The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press
North Carolina AandT State University
National Institute of Advanced Industrial
"National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan"
"California State University, Fullerton, USA"
"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University"
"Queen Mary University of London, UK"
"Interdisciplinary Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"
Institute
Xerox Research Center
University of Southern California
University of Iceland
"KAUST1, University of Amsterdam2, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc"
"Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire"
"Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"
Max Planck Institute f ur biologische Kybernetik
"Imperial College, London, UK"
"and IBUG [32]. All of them cover large variations, including different"
"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada"
PES Modern College of Engg
"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"
"K.S.R. College Of Engineering, Tiruchengode, India"
Multimedia University
"Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA"
"Research Reports of CMP, Czech Technical University in Prague, No"
"DESTEC, FLSHR Mohammed V University-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco"
"Institute of Arti cial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), University of Groningen"
"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana"
"Beihang University 2Gri th University 3University of York, UK"
"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology"
"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"
"Intelligent Systems Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3508 TB, Utrecht"
"School of Info. and Commu. Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"
Courant Institute
"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA"
yThe University of Tokyo
"University  Politehnica  of Bucharest, Romania, Address Splaiul Independent ei"
"Heilongjiang University, College of Computer Science and Technology, China"
"Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran. Iran"
Beijing Jiaotong University
"Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab on Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, China"
"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"
"Computer Science and Engineering, Anna University, India"
"College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"
"University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"
University of Chinese Academy of
"Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Italy"
"Sathyabama University Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, India"
"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. 2School of"
and the institute of engineering and science
"Deprtment of Computer Science and Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, India"
National Taipei University
Swansea University
"Center for Information Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"
"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia"
Tel Aviv University
"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanc  University,  stanbul, Turkey"
"School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham"
Shiraz University
"Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"
Middlebury College
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Ionian University
"Center for Automation Research, UMIACS, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA"
"RGPV University, Indore"
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"
"Engineering, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering"
"University of California, Los Angeles"
National University of Singapore
Santa Fe Institute
"PG Scholar, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India"
"National Sun Yat Sen University, 804 Kaohsiung, Taiwan"
"Middlesex University London, 4International Hellenic University"
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
"Howard University, Washington DC"
This work was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Award R01 MH 087610 to T.E
"The Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center"
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
Portugal
"Ulm University, Germany"
B.S. University of Indonesia
"University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"
"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo"
"LIP6, UPMC - Sorbonne University, Paris, France"
"Learning Systems Group, California Institute of Technology"
College of Electrical and Information Engineering
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
University (ITU
"Indian Institute of Science, India"
University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - CASED
"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands"
"and 2Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708"
"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne"
Czech Technical University
"Bournemouth University, UK"
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC
College of Image Arts and Sciences
"USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Los Angeles, CA"
"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, SG"
"University of Zaragoza, Spain"
University of Ottawa
National Institute of Technology Karnataka
Stevens Institute of Technology
"Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ"
"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, P.R. China"
"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"
"Games Studio, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney"
"Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si"
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Sponsors: Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs
"Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Mookkannoor"
"and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution"
"Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"
M.S. Brunel University of West London
"b School of Business, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland"
"University of Maryland, College Park; 2Arizona State University; 3Xerox Research Centre"
"P. O. Box 4500 Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"
"College of Medicine, Seoul National University"
"The Ohio State University, OH"
"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"
"Current Address: Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam"
"Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra"
University of Washington and Google Inc
"Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"
"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"
"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK"
"Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, India"
College of Computer Science and Technology
German Research Center for Arti cial Intelligence (DFKI
"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"
Research Center for Information
Carnegie Mellon University
"Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea"
"Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"
"ITCS, Tsinghua University"
"Technological University, Davanagere, Karnataka, India"
"abroad, or from public or private research centers"
"Qatar University, Qatar"
Facebook 4Texas AandM University 5IBM Research
"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University"
"K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal, TamilNadu, India"
"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"
"University of Lincoln, School of Computer Science, U.K"
"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan"
"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester"
"University of Notre Dame, 2IIIT-Delhi"
"University of Lincoln, U.K"
"Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"
"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 2Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"
"The University of Tokyo, Japan"
"Tohoku University, Japan"
"BECS, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland"
"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of"
"Visual Computing and Communications Lab, Arizona State University"
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