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-</div></div></section><section><p>After publishing this list, researchers affiliated with Microsoft Asia then worked with researchers affiliated with China's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology">National University of Defense Technology</a> (controlled by China's Central Military Commission) and used the MS Celeb image dataset for their research paper on using "<a href="(https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Faces-as-Lighting-Probes-via-Unsupervised-Deep-Yi-Zhu/b301fd2fc33f24d6f75224e7c0991f4f04b64a65">Faces as Lighting Probes via Unsupervised Deep Highlight Extraction</a>" with potential applications in 3D face recognition.</p>
+</div></div></section><section><p>After publishing this list, researchers affiliated with Microsoft Asia then worked with researchers affiliated with China's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology">National University of Defense Technology</a> (controlled by China's Central Military Commission) and used the MS Celeb image dataset for their research paper on using "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Faces-as-Lighting-Probes-via-Unsupervised-Deep-Yi-Zhu/b301fd2fc33f24d6f75224e7c0991f4f04b64a65">Faces as Lighting Probes via Unsupervised Deep Highlight Extraction</a>" with potential applications in 3D face recognition.</p>
<p>In an April 10, 2019 <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/9378e7ee-5ae6-11e9-9dde-7aedca0a081a">article</a> published by Financial Times based on data surfaced during this investigation, Samm Sacks (a senior fellow at the New America think tank) commented that this research raised "red flags because of the nature of the technology, the author's affiliations, combined with what we know about how this technology is being deployed in China right now". Adding, that "the [Chinese] government is using these technologies to build surveillance systems and to detain minorities [in Xinjiang]".<a class="footnote_shim" name="[^madhu_ft]_1"> </a><a href="#[^madhu_ft]" class="footnote" title="Footnote 2">2</a></p>
<p>Four more papers published by SenseTime that also use the MS Celeb dataset raise similar flags. SenseTime is a computer vision surveillance company that until <a href="https://uhrp.org/news-commentary/china%E2%80%99s-sensetime-sells-out-xinjiang-security-joint-venture">April 2019</a> provided surveillance to Chinese authorities to monitor and track Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang province, and had been <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html">flagged</a> numerous times as having potential links to human rights violations.</p>
<p>One of the 4 SenseTime papers, "<a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Exploring-Disentangled-Feature-Representation-Face-Liu-Wei/1fd5d08394a3278ef0a89639e9bfec7cb482e0bf">Exploring Disentangled Feature Representation Beyond Face Identification</a>", shows how SenseTime was developing automated face analysis technology to infer race, narrow eyes, nose size, and chin size, all of which could be used to target vulnerable ethnic groups based on their facial appearances.</p>