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+,gs_authors,gs_desc,gs_id,gs_num_citations,gs_title,gs_url
+0,J Deng|W Dong|R Socher|LJ Li|K Li,"The explosion of image data on the Internet has the potential to foster more sophisticated
+and robust models and algorithms to index, retrieve, organize and interact with images and
+multimedia data. But exactly how such data can be harnessed and organized remains a …",610894740843277394,9630,Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Li_Jia_Li/publication/221361415_ImageNet_a_Large-Scale_Hierarchical_Image_Database/links/00b495388120dbc339000000/ImageNet-a-Large-Scale-Hierarchical-Image-Database.pdf
+1,O Russakovsky|J Deng|H Su|J Krause,"Abstract The ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge is a benchmark in object
+category classification and detection on hundreds of object categories and millions of
+images. The challenge has been run annually from 2010 to present, attracting participation …",18051189604458238351,8883,Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0575
+2,R Szeliski,"Humans perceive the three-dimensional structure of the world with apparent ease. However,
+despite all of the recent advances in computer vision research, the dream of having a
+computer interpret an image at the same level as a two-year old remains elusive. Why is …",16605107453260999726,3991,[BOOK] Computer vision: algorithms and applications,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.414.9846&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+3,V Nair|GE Hinton,"Restricted Boltzmann machines were developed using binary stochastic hidden units. These
+can be generalized by replacing each binary unit by an infinite number of copies that all
+have the same weights but have progressively more negative biases. The learning and …",17288407099485885988,5072,[PDF] Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines,https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/absps/reluICML.pdf
+4,TY Lin|M Maire|S Belongie|J Hays|P Perona,"We present a new dataset with the goal of advancing the state-of-the-art in object
+recognition by placing the question of object recognition in the context of the broader
+question of scene understanding. This is achieved by gathering images of complex …",2812162232451729772,4058,Microsoft coco: Common objects in context,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.0312
+5,Y Taigman|M Yang|MA Ranzato,"In modern face recognition, the conventional pipeline consists of four stages: detect=>
+align=> represent=> classify. We revisit both the alignment step and the representation step
+by employing explicit 3D face modeling in order to apply a piecewise affine transformation …",11698767426478135999,2980,Deepface: Closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Taigman_DeepFace_Closing_the_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+6,F Schroff|D Kalenichenko|J Philbin,"Despite significant recent advances in the field of face recognition [DeepFace, DeepId2],
+implementing face verification and recognition efficiently at scale presents serious
+challenges to current approaches. In this paper we present a system, called FaceNet, that …",11100188708037387301,2508,Facenet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Schroff_FaceNet_A_Unified_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+7,QV Le,"We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only
+unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled
+images? To answer this, we train a deep sparse autoencoder on a large dataset of images …",13804624732817572151,1812,Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.6209.pdf&amp
+8,N Kumar|AC Berg|PN Belhumeur,"We present two novel methods for face verification. Our first method-“attribute” classifiers-
+uses binary classifiers trained to recognize the presence or absence of describable aspects
+of visual appearance (eg, gender, race, and age). Our second method-“simile” classifiers …",4063408445858122425,1275,Attribute and simile classifiers for face verification,https://neerajkumar.org/projects/facesearch/base/software/base/publications/base/papers/nk_iccv2009_attrs.pdf
+9,OM Parkhi|A Vedaldi|A Zisserman,"The goal of this paper is face recognition–from either a single photograph or from a set of
+faces tracked in a video. Recent progress in this area has been due to two factors:(i) end to
+end learning for the task using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and (ii) the availability …",15533756157563692245,1735,[PDF] Deep face recognition.,http://cis.csuohio.edu/~sschung/CIS660/DeepFaceRecognition_parkhi15.pdf
+10,M Koestinger|M Hirzer|P Wohlhart,"In this paper, we raise important issues on scalability and the required degree of supervision
+of existing Mahalanobis metric learning methods. Often rather tedious optimization
+procedures are applied that become computationally intractable on a large scale. Further, if …",1557288033444575499,1094,Large scale metric learning from equivalence constraints,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Horst_Bischof/publication/236593328_Large_Scale_Metric_Learning_from_Equivalence_Constraints/links/0deec52d94b4ee62fd000000.pdf
+11,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"This paper proposes to learn a set of high-level feature representations through deep
+learning, referred to as Deep hidden IDentity features (DeepID), for face verification. We
+argue that DeepID can be effectively learned through challenging multi-class face …",17555805949905028113,1058,"Deep learning face representation from predicting 10,000 classes",https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Sun_Deep_Learning_Face_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+12,Y Peng|A Ganesh|J Wright,"This paper studies the problem of simultaneously aligning a batch of linearly correlated
+images despite gross corruption (such as occlusion). Our method seeks an optimal set of
+image domain transformations such that the matrix of transformed images can be …",14858007950677302589,871,RASL: Robust alignment by sparse and low-rank decomposition for linearly correlated images,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.231.3441&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+13,J Wright|A Ganesh|Z Zhou,"Many classic and contemporary face recognition algorithms work well on public data sets,
+but degrade sharply when they are used in a real recognition system. This is mostly due to
+the difficulty of simultaneously handling variations in illumination, image misalignment, and …",5541786026171433741,834,Toward a practical face recognition system: Robust alignment and illumination by sparse representation,http://yima.csl.illinois.edu/psfile/PAMI-facesystem.pdf
+14,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"The key challenge of face recognition is to develop effective feature representations for
+reducing intra-personal variations while enlarging inter-personal differences. In this paper,
+we show that it can be well solved with deep learning and using both face identification and …",2652536617023372962,1037,Deep learning face representation by joint identification-verification,https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5416-deep-learning-face-representation-by-joint-identification-verification.pdf
+15,X Cao|Y Wei|J Sun,"We present a very efficient, highly accurate,“Explicit Shape Regression” approach for face
+alignment. Unlike previous regression-based approaches, we directly learn a vectorial
+regression function to infer the whole facial shape (a set of facial landmarks) from the image …",6489491124729825725,865,Face alignment by explicit shape regression,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Face-Alignment-by-Explicit-Shape-Regression.pdf
+16,JM Saragih|S Lucey|JF Cohn,"Deformable model fitting has been actively pursued in the computer vision community for
+over a decade. As a result, numerous approaches have been proposed with varying
+degrees of success. A class of approaches that has shown substantial promise is one that …",5491457191184796951,789,Deformable model fitting by regularized landmark mean-shift,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jeffrey_Cohn/publication/220660258_Deformable_Model_Fitting_by_Regularized_Landmark_Mean-Shift/links/09e4151226a77cd926000000.pdf
+17,PN Belhumeur|DW Jacobs,"We present a novel approach to localizing parts in images of human faces. The approach
+combines the output of local detectors with a nonparametric set of global models for the part
+locations based on over 1,000 hand-labeled exemplar images. By assuming that the global …",8801930631236620204,778,Localizing parts of faces using a consensus of exemplars,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.227.8441&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+18,M Guillaumin|J Verbeek|C Schmid,"Face identification is the problem of determining whether two face images depict the same
+person or not. This is difficult due to variations in scale, pose, lighting, background,
+expression, hairstyle, and glasses. In this paper we present two methods for learning robust …",14732636967808305380,766,Is that you? Metric learning approaches for face identification,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/43/92/90/PDF/GVS09.pdf
+19,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"We propose a new approach for estimation of the positions of facial keypoints with three-
+level carefully designed convolutional networks. At each level, the outputs of multiple
+networks are fused for robust and accurate estimation. Thanks to the deep structures of …",17631018765198910993,817,Deep convolutional network cascade for facial point detection,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Sun_Deep_Convolutional_Network_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+20,Z Liu|P Luo|X Wang|X Tang,"Predicting face attributes in the wild is challenging due to complex face variations. We
+propose a novel deep learning framework for attribute prediction in the wild. It cascades two
+CNNs, LNet and ANet, which are fine-tuned jointly with attribute tags, but pre-trained …",9137261784815578205,1082,Deep learning face attributes in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Liu_Deep_Learning_Face_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+21,L Wolf|T Hassner,"Recognizing faces in unconstrained videos is a task of mounting importance. While
+obviously related to face recognition in still images, it has its own unique characteristics and
+algorithmic requirements. Over the years several methods have been suggested for this …",5401801956686441353,703,Face recognition in unconstrained videos with matched background similarity,https://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~wolf/papers/lvfw.pdf
+22,A Sorokin|D Forsyth,"We show how to outsource data annotation to Amazon Mechanical Turk. Doing so has
+produced annotations in quite large numbers relatively cheaply. The quality is good, and
+can be checked and controlled. Annotations are produced quickly. We describe results for …",3271403059955811571,574,Utility data annotation with amazon mechanical turk,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.460.5208&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+23,D Yi|Z Lei|S Liao|SZ Li,"Pushing by big data and deep convolutional neural network (CNN), the performance of face
+recognition is becoming comparable to human. Using private large scale training datasets,
+several groups achieve very high performance on LFW, ie, 97% to 99%. While there are …",11924621609558481268,611,Learning face representation from scratch,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.7923
+24,A Mignon|F Jurie,"This paper introduces Pairwise Constrained Component Analysis (PCCA), a new algorithm
+for learning distance metrics from sparse pairwise similarity/dissimilarity constraints in high
+dimensional input space, problem for which most existing distance metric learning …",7428175391515510276,521,Pcca: A new approach for distance learning from sparse pairwise constraints,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00806007/file/12_cvpr_ldca.pdf
+25,Z Cao|X Tang|J Sun,"We present a novel approach to address the representation issue and the matching issue in
+face recognition (verification). Firstly, our approach encodes the micro-structures of the face
+by a new learning-based encoding method. Unlike many previous manually designed …",183298693815736339,472,Face recognition with learning-based descriptor,http://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/archive/2010/cvpr10_face.pdf
+26,A Coates|T Wang|D Wu|B Catanzaro,"Scaling up deep learning algorithms has been shown to lead to increased performance in
+benchmark tasks and to enable discovery of complex high-level features. Recent efforts to
+train extremely large networks (with over 1 billion parameters) have relied on cloudlike …",13800828167861315786,487,[PDF] Deep learning with COTS HPC systems,http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/coates13.pdf
+27,TH Chan|K Jia|S Gao|J Lu|Z Zeng,"In this paper, we propose a very simple deep learning network for image classification that is
+based on very basic data processing components: 1) cascaded principal component
+analysis (PCA); 2) binary hashing; and 3) blockwise histograms. In the proposed …",8397328767752099453,558,PCANet: A simple deep learning baseline for image classification?,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.3606
+28,N Kumar|A Berg|PN Belhumeur,"We introduce the use of describable visual attributes for face verification and image search.
+Describable visual attributes are labels that can be given to an image to describe its
+appearance. This paper focuses on images of faces and the attributes used to describe …",17304896175456890238,423,Describable visual attributes for face verification and image search,http://neerajkumar.org/projects/facesearch/
+29,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"This paper designs a high-performance deep convolutional network (DeepID2+) for face
+recognition. It is learned with the identification-verification supervisory signal. By increasing
+the dimension of hidden representations and adding supervision to early convolutional …",14660449735839776202,493,"Deeply learned face representations are sparse, selective, and robust",https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Sun_Deeply_Learned_Face_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+30,M Dantone|J Gall,"Although facial feature detection from 2D images is a well-studied field, there is a lack of real-
+time methods that estimate feature points even on low quality images. Here we propose
+conditional regression forest for this task. While regression forest learn the relations between …",1743237031465720755,395,Real-time facial feature detection using conditional regression forests,http://files.is.tue.mpg.de/jgall/download/jgall_facialfeatures_cvpr12.pdf
+31,M Koestinger|P Wohlhart|PM Roth,"Face alignment is a crucial step in face recognition tasks. Especially, using landmark
+localization for geometric face normalization has shown to be very effective, clearly
+improving the recognition results. However, no adequate databases exist that provide a …",2106290919498044015,443,"Annotated facial landmarks in the wild: A large-scale, real-world database for facial landmark localization",https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/iccvw/2011/0063/00/06130513.pdf
+32,K Simonyan|OM Parkhi|A Vedaldi|A Zisserman,"Several recent papers on automatic face verification have significantly raised the
+performance bar by developing novel, specialised representations that outperform standard
+features such as SIFT for this problem. This paper makes two contributions: first, and …",16095169408445899807,400,[PDF] Fisher Vector Faces in the Wild.,https://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/publications/2013/Simonyan13/extras/simonyan13_ext.pdf
+33,JM Saragih|S Lucey|JF Cohn,"Deformable model fitting has been actively pursued in the computer vision community for
+over a decade. As a result, numerous approaches have been proposed with varying
+degrees of success. A class of approaches that has shown substantial promise is one that …",10745519298838481311,368,Face alignment through subspace constrained mean-shifts,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jeffrey_Cohn/publication/221111184_Face_Alignment_through_Subspace_Constrained_Mean-Shifts/links/02e7e525c3cf69e6b6000000.pdf
+34,G Levi|T Hassner,"Automatic age and gender classification has become relevant to an increasing amount of
+applications, particularly since the rise of social platforms and social media. Nevertheless,
+performance of existing methods on real-world images is still significantly lacking, especially …",105249660032728298,470,Age and gender classification using convolutional neural networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_workshops_2015/W08/papers/Levi_Age_and_Gender_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+35,,"Face verification is the task of deciding by analyzing face images, whether a person is who
+he/she claims to be. This is very challenging due to image variations in lighting, pose, facial
+expression, and age. The task boils down to computing the distance between two face …",15059806747920626653,387,Cosine similarity metric learning for face verification,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Li_Bai/publication/220745463_Cosine_Similarity_Metric_Learning_for_Face_Verification/links/54dcd4880cf25b09b912d2ed.pdf
+36,Z Li|S Chang|TS Huang|L Cao,"This paper considers the person verification problem in modern surveillance and video
+retrieval systems. The problem is to identify whether a pair of face or human body images is
+about the same person, even if the person is not seen before. Traditional methods usually …",11793354387702984010,409,Learning locally-adaptive decision functions for person verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Li_Learning_Locally-Adaptive_Decision_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+37,J Wan|D Wang|SCH Hoi|J Zhu,"Learning effective feature representations and similarity measures are crucial to the retrieval
+performance of a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system. Despite extensive research
+efforts for decades, it remains one of the most challenging open problems that considerably …",6185113731518800763,445,Deep learning for content-based image retrieval: A comprehensive study,https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3320&context=sis_research
+38,Y Wen|K Zhang|Y Qiao,"Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in computer vision
+community, significantly improving the state-of-the-art. In most of the available CNNs, the
+softmax loss function is used as the supervision signal to train the deep model. In order to …",14117165099429532618,602,A discriminative feature learning approach for deep face recognition,https://kpzhang93.github.io/papers/eccv2016.pdf
+39,J Hu|J Lu|YP Tan,"This paper presents a new discriminative deep metric learning (DDML) method for face
+verification in the wild. Different from existing metric learning-based face verification
+methods which aim to learn a Mahalanobis distance metric to maximize the inter-class …",2945321669966143066,407,Discriminative deep metric learning for face verification in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Hu_Discriminative_Deep_Metric_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+40,R Krishna|Y Zhu|O Groth|J Johnson|K Hata,"Despite progress in perceptual tasks such as image classification, computers still perform
+poorly on cognitive tasks such as image description and question answering. Cognition is
+core to tasks that involve not just recognizing, but reasoning about our visual world …",12954392892899444253,503,[HTML] Visual genome: Connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations,https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/S11263-016-0981-7
+41,K Wang|S Belongie,"We present a method for spotting words in the wild, ie, in real images taken in unconstrained
+environments. Text found in the wild has a surprising range of difficulty. At one end of the
+spectrum, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) applied to scanned pages of well formatted …",9200622899145384389,359,Word spotting in the wild,https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt4b8281qq/qt4b8281qq.pdf
+42,D Chen|X Cao|L Wang|J Sun,"In this paper, we revisit the classical Bayesian face recognition method by Baback
+Moghaddam et al. and propose a new joint formulation. The classical Bayesian method
+models the appearance difference between two faces. We observe that this “difference” …",8592793674524571913,356,Bayesian face revisited: A joint formulation,http://www.academia.edu/download/31414608/JointBayesian.pdf
+43,N Kumar|P Belhumeur|S Nayar,"We have created the first image search engine based entirely on faces. Using simple text
+queries such as “smiling men with blond hair and mustaches,” users can search through
+over 3.1 million faces which have been automatically labeled on the basis of several facial …",10337130688446550899,336,Facetracer: A search engine for large collections of images with faces,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/73a8/1d311eedac8dea3ca24dc15b6990fa4a725e.pdf
+44,B Siddiquie|RS Feris|LS Davis,"We propose a novel approach for ranking and retrieval of images based on multi-attribute
+queries. Existing image retrieval methods train separate classifiers for each word and
+heuristically combine their outputs for retrieving multiword queries. Moreover, these …",2735890377384236714,327,Image ranking and retrieval based on multi-attribute queries,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.459.6532&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+45,C Shan,"Gender recognition is one of fundamental face analysis tasks. Most of the existing studies
+have focused on face images acquired under controlled conditions. However, real-world
+applications require gender classification on real-life faces, which is much more challenging …",17435551685582529316,333,Learning local binary patterns for gender classification on real-world face images,https://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:678436fb-d859-4c4a-8842-f1b4bb5a0fe3/MS-32.590.pdf
+46,L Bourdev|S Maji|J Malik,"We propose a method for recognizing attributes, such as the gender, hair style and types of
+clothes of people under large variation in viewpoint, pose, articulation and occlusion typical
+of personal photo album images. Robust attribute classifiers under such conditions must be …",9297221796685690730,324,Describing people: A poselet-based approach to attribute classification,https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/shape/poselets/attributes-poselets-iccv11.pdf
+47,Y Sun|D Liang|X Wang|X Tang,"The state-of-the-art of face recognition has been significantly advanced by the emergence of
+deep learning. Very deep neural networks recently achieved great success on general
+object recognition because of their superb learning capacity. This motivates us to investigate …",12086306931946783096,393,Deepid3: Face recognition with very deep neural networks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.00873
+48,L Wolf|T Hassner|Y Taigman,"Evaluating the similarity of images and their descriptors by employing discriminative
+learners has proven itself to be an effective face recognition paradigm. In this paper we
+show how “background samples”, that is, examples which do not belong to any of the …",8983731704722471507,311,Similarity scores based on background samples,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.587.1207&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+49,GB Huang|H Lee,"Most modern face recognition systems rely on a feature representation given by a hand-
+crafted image descriptor, such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP), and achieve improved
+performance by combining several such representations. In this paper, we propose deep …",14256739331062461225,324,Learning hierarchical representations for face verification with convolutional deep belief networks,http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/papers/HuangCVPR12.pdf
+50,L Wolf|T Hassner|Y Taigman,"Computer vision systems have demonstrated considerable improvement in recognizing and
+verifying faces in digital images. Still, recognizing faces appearing in unconstrained, natural
+conditions remains a challenging task. In this paper, we present a face-image, pair-matching …",18043091129850050942,302,Effective unconstrained face recognition by combining multiple descriptors and learned background statistics,
+51,R Ranjan|VM Patel|R Chellappa,"We present an algorithm for simultaneous face detection, landmarks localization, pose
+estimation and gender recognition using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). The
+proposed method called, HyperFace, fuses the intermediate layers of a deep CNN using a …",8494434349347836067,265,"Hyperface: A deep multi-task learning framework for face detection, landmark localization, pose estimation, and gender recognition",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.01249
+52,ABL Larsen|SK Sønderby|H Larochelle,"We present an autoencoder that leverages learned representations to better measure
+similarities in data space. By combining a variational autoencoder with a generative
+adversarial network we can use learned feature representations in the GAN discriminator as …",12417620106993504772,470,Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.09300
+53,Z Zhang|Y Xu|J Yang|X Li|D Zhang,"Sparse representation has attracted much attention from researchers in fields of signal
+processing, image processing, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Sparse
+representation also has a good reputation in both theoretical research and practical …",3591618019722497959,367,A survey of sparse representation: algorithms and applications,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/7042252/07102696.pdf
+54,T Berg|P Belhumeur,"From a set of images in a particular domain, labeled with part locations and class, we
+present a method to automatically learn a large and diverse set of highly discriminative
+intermediate features that we call Part-based One-vs-One Features (POOFs). Each of these …",17651778712296478213,283,"[PDF] Poof: Part-based one-vs.-one features for fine-grained categorization, face verification, and attribute estimation",https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Berg_POOF_Part-Based_One-vs.-One_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+55,AR Rivera|JR Castillo|OO Chae,"This paper proposes a novel local feature descriptor, local directional number pattern (LDN),
+for face analysis, ie, face and expression recognition. LDN encodes the directional
+information of the face's textures (ie, the texture's structure) in a compact way, producing a …",1298214038036573582,297,Local directional number pattern for face analysis: Face and expression recognition,http://www.redpel.com/Local%20Directional%20Number%20Pattern%20for%20Face%20Analysis%20Face%20and%20Expression%20Recognition.pdf
+56,T Hassner|S Harel|E Paz,"Abstract"" Frontalization"" is the process of synthesizing frontal facing views of faces
+appearing in single unconstrained photos. Recent reports have suggested that this process
+may substantially boost the performance of face recognition systems. This, by transforming …",7708865079910174306,306,Effective face frontalization in unconstrained images,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Hassner_Effective_Face_Frontalization_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+57,J Lu|X Zhou|YP Tan,"Kinship verification from facial images is an interesting and challenging problem in computer
+vision, and there are very limited attempts on tackle this problem in the literature. In this
+paper, we propose a new neighborhood repulsed metric learning (NRML) method for …",16928872952487479287,272,Neighborhood repulsed metric learning for kinship verification,http://www.kinfacew.com/papers/NRML_CVPR12.pdf
+58,BF Klare,"Rapid progress in unconstrained face recognition has resulted in a saturation in recognition
+accuracy for current benchmark datasets. While important for early progress, a chief
+limitation in most benchmark datasets is the use of a commodity face detector to select face …",15334634735975840716,299,Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: Iarpa janus benchmark a,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Klare_Pushing_the_Frontiers_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+59,VM Patel|R Gopalan,"In pattern recognition and computer vision, one is often faced with scenarios where the
+training data used to learn a model have different distribution from the data on which the
+model is applied. Regardless of the cause, any distributional change that occurs after …",1673759608844942860,301,Visual domain adaptation: A survey of recent advances,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.445.2867&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+60,Y Ying|P Li,"The main theme of this paper is to develop a novel eigenvalue optimization framework for
+learning a Mahalanobis metric. Within this context, we introduce a novel metric learning
+approach called DML-eig which is shown to be equivalent to a well-known eigenvalue …",819135347878648941,248,Distance metric learning with eigenvalue optimization,http://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume13/ying12a/ying12a.pdf
+61,S Liao|AK Jain|SZ Li,"Numerous methods have been developed for holistic face recognition with impressive
+performance. However, few studies have tackled how to recognize an arbitrary patch of a
+face image. Partial faces frequently appear in unconstrained scenarios, with images …",1214206201724761953,245,Partial face recognition: Alignment-free approach,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.714.6734&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+62,B Ma|Y Su|F Jurie,"This paper proposes a novel image representation which can properly handle both
+background and illumination variations. It is therefore adapted to the person/face
+reidentification tasks, avoiding the use of any additional pre-processing steps such as …",13685961707270251095,246,Bicov: a novel image representation for person re-identification and face verification,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00806112/file/12_bmvc-person-reid.pdf
+63,N Pinto|JJ DiCarlo|DD Cox,"In recent years, large databases of natural images have become increasingly popular in the
+evaluation of face and object recognition algorithms. However, Pinto et al. previously
+illustrated an inherent danger in using such sets, showing that an extremely basic …",15600169663743233851,226,How far can you get with a modern face recognition test set using only simple features?,https://dspace.mit.edu/openaccess-disseminate/1721.1/59976
+64,T Hassner,"This paper concerns the estimation of facial attributes-namely, age and gender-from images
+of faces acquired in challenging, in the wild conditions. This problem has received far less
+attention than the related problem of face recognition, and in particular, has not enjoyed the …",3057753125794572712,281,Age and gender estimation of unfiltered faces,https://www.openu.ac.il/home/hassner/Adience/EidingerEnbarHassner_tifs.pdf
+65,J Bergstra|DD Cox,"Many computer vision algorithms depend on configuration settings that are typically hand-
+tuned in the course of evaluating the algorithm for a particular data set. While such
+parameter tuning is often presented as being incidental to the algorithm, correctly setting …",10987276144712583456,302,[PDF] Making a science of model search: Hyperparameter optimization in hundreds of dimensions for vision architectures,http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/bergstra13.pdf
+66,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"This paper proposes a hybrid convolutional network (ConvNet)-Restricted Boltzmann
+Machine (RBM) model for face verification in wild conditions. A key contribution of this work
+is to directly learn relational visual features, which indicate identity similarities, from raw …",9064221174325606818,249,Hybrid deep learning for face verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Sun_Hybrid_Deep_Learning_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+67,Z Lei|M Pietikäinen|SZ Li,"Local feature descriptor is an important module for face recognition and those like Gabor
+and local binary patterns (LBP) have proven effective face descriptors. Traditionally, the form
+of such local descriptors is predefined in a handcrafted way. In this paper, we propose a …",14559330059928877290,232,Learning discriminant face descriptor,
+68,N Pinto|D Doukhan|JJ DiCarlo,"While many models of biological object recognition share a common set of “broad-stroke”
+properties, the performance of any one model depends strongly on the choice of parameters
+in a particular instantiation of that model—eg, the number of units per layer, the size of …",17769708116539239591,223,[HTML] A high-throughput screening approach to discovering good forms of biologically inspired visual representation,http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000579
+69,C Sanderson|BC Lovell,"We propose a scalable face matching algorithm capable of dealing with faces subject to
+several concurrent and uncontrolled factors, such as variations in pose, expression,
+illumination, resolution, as well as scale and misalignment problems. Each face is described …",17549873328567253836,217,Multi-region probabilistic histograms for robust and scalable identity inference,http://ccc.inaoep.mx/~mdprl/documentos/1201.2207v1.pdf
+70,S Branson|G Van Horn|S Belongie,"We propose an architecture for fine-grained visual categorization that approaches expert
+human performance in the classification of bird species. Our architecture first computes an
+estimate of the object's pose; this is used to compute local image features which are, in turn …",7853676618437471348,242,Bird species categorization using pose normalized deep convolutional nets,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.2952
+71,Y Gurovich|T Hassner,"Action Recognition in videos is an active research field that is fueled by an acute need,
+spanning several application domains. Still, existing systems fall short of the applications'
+needs in real-world scenarios, where the quality of the video is less than optimal and the …",8656563845886866236,199,Motion interchange patterns for action recognition in unconstrained videos,https://www.openu.ac.il/home/hassner/projects/MIP/MIP_eccv12.pdf
+72,L Yang|P Luo|C Change Loy,"This paper aims to highlight vision related tasks centered around"" car"", which has been
+largely neglected by vision community in comparison to other objects. We show that there
+are still many interesting car-related problems and applications, which are not yet well …",15493017649905778902,265,A large-scale car dataset for fine-grained categorization and verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Yang_A_Large-Scale_Car_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+73,S Yang|P Luo|CC Loy|X Tang,"In this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional network (DCN) that achieves
+outstanding performance on FDDB, PASCAL Face, and AFW. Specifically, our method
+achieves a high recall rate of 90.99% on the challenging FDDB benchmark, outperforming …",1818335115841631894,257,From facial parts responses to face detection: A deep learning approach,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Yang_From_Facial_Parts_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+74,L Leal-Taixé|A Milan|I Reid|S Roth,"In the recent past, the computer vision community has developed centralized benchmarks
+for the performance evaluation of a variety of tasks, including generic object and pedestrian
+detection, 3D reconstruction, optical flow, single-object short-term tracking, and stereo …",12108223656933987805,262,Motchallenge 2015: Towards a benchmark for multi-target tracking,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.01942
+75,D Cox|N Pinto,"Many modern computer vision algorithms are built atop of a set of low-level feature
+operators (such as SIFT [1],[2]; HOG [3],[4]; or LBP [5],[6]) that transform raw pixel values into
+a representation better suited to subsequent processing and classification. While the choice …",3043405991756296652,198,Beyond simple features: A large-scale feature search approach to unconstrained face recognition,https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/cs365/2014/_papers/cox-pinto-11_beyond-simple-features-face-recog.pdf
+76,S Prince|P Li|Y Fu,"Many face recognition algorithms use “distance-based” methods: Feature vectors are
+extracted from each face and distances in feature space are compared to determine
+matches. In this paper, we argue for a fundamentally different approach. We consider each …",5993388879714422098,200,Probabilistic models for inference about identity,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64cf/1cda80a23ed6fc1c8e66065614ef7bdeadf3.pdf
+77,DA Vaquero|RS Feris|D Tran|L Brown,"We propose a novel framework for searching for people in surveillance environments.
+Rather than relying on face recognition technology, which is known to be sensitive to typical
+surveillance conditions such as lighting changes, face pose variation, and low-resolution …",3082057235887956251,193,Attribute-based people search in surveillance environments,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.180.7630&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+78,H Li|G Hua|Z Lin|J Brandt|J Yang,"Pose variation remains to be a major challenge for realworld face recognition. We approach
+this problem through a probabilistic elastic matching method. We take a part based
+representation by extracting local features (eg, LBP or SIFT) from densely sampled multi …",8816000059557979107,185,Probabilistic elastic matching for pose variant face verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Li_Probabilistic_Elastic_Matching_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+79,Y Taigman|L Wolf|T Hassner,"Abstract The One-Shot Similarity measure has recently been introduced as a means of
+boosting the performance of face recognition systems. Given two vectors, their One-Shot
+Similarity score reflects the likelihood of each vector belonging to the same class as the …",17967477553660543956,179,[PDF] Multiple One-Shots for Utilizing Class Label Information.,http://courses.cs.tau.ac.il/~wolf/papers/TWH_BMVC09_Multishot.pdf
+80,W Li|D Xu|S Shan|X Chen,"In many real-world face recognition scenarios, face images can hardly be aligned accurately
+due to complex appearance variations or low-quality images. To address this issue, we
+propose a new approach to extract robust face region descriptors. Specifically, we divide …",17997524288848533818,179,Fusing robust face region descriptors via multiple metric learning for face recognition in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Cui_Fusing_Robust_Face_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+81,X Zhu|Z Lei|J Yan|D Yi|SZ Li,"Pose and expression normalization is a crucial step to recover the canonical view of faces
+under arbitrary conditions, so as to improve the face recognition performance. An ideal
+normalization method is desired to be automatic, database independent and high-fidelity …",2675418680384799571,214,High-fidelity pose and expression normalization for face recognition in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Zhu_High-Fidelity_Pose_and_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+82,A Dhall|R Goecke|S Lucey|T Gedeon,"Collecting richly annotated, large datasets representing real-world conditions is a challenging
+task. With the progress in computer vision research, researchers have developed robust human
+facial-expression analysis solutions, but largely only for tightly controlled environments. Facial …",2820977520006956133,206,"Collecting large, richly annotated facial-expression databases from movies",
+83,C Cao|K Zhou,"We present a fully automatic approach to real-time facial tracking and animation with a
+single video camera. Our approach does not need any calibration for each individual user. It
+learns a generic regressor from public image datasets, which can be applied to any user …",14150109362192937863,202,Displaced dynamic expression regression for real-time facial tracking and animation,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.674.3671&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+84,NS Vu,"A good feature descriptor is desired to be discriminative, robust, and computationally
+inexpensive in both terms of time and storage requirement. In the domain of face
+recognition, these properties allow the system to quickly deliver high recognition results to …",1510585668068568648,176,Enhanced patterns of oriented edge magnitudes for face recognition and image matching,
+85,C Lu|X Tang,"Face verification remains a challenging problem in very complex conditions with large
+variations such as pose, illumination, expression, and occlusions. This problem is
+exacerbated when we rely unrealistically on a single training data source, which is often …",11575983753307386058,189,[PDF] Surpassing Human-Level Face Verification Performance on LFW with GaussianFace.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI15/paper/download/9845/9816
+86,B Amos,"Cameras are becoming ubiquitous in the Internet of Things (IoT) and can use face
+recognition technology to improve context. There is a large accuracy gap between today's
+publicly available face recognition systems and the state-of-the-art private face recognition …",15824311167660397835,288,[PDF] Openface: A general-purpose face recognition library with mobile applications,http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/anon/usr0/ftp/2016/CMU-CS-16-118.pdf
+87,T Cour|B Sapp|C Jordan,"In many image and video collections, we have access only to partially labeled data. For
+example, personal photo collections often contain several faces per image and a caption
+that only specifies who is in the picture, but not which name matches which face. Similarly …",5125731380784649321,166,Learning from ambiguously labeled images,https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1948&context=cis_reports
+88,CH Chan|MA Tahir|J Kittler,"Face recognition subject to uncontrolled illumination and blur is challenging. Interestingly,
+image degradation caused by blurring, often present in real-world imagery, has mostly been
+overlooked by the face recognition community. Such degradation corrupts face information …",4098952843880780383,168,Multiscale local phase quantization for robust component-based face recognition using kernel fusion of multiple descriptors,
+89,D Yi|Z Lei|SZ Li,"Most existing pose robust methods are too computational complex to meet practical
+applications and their performance under unconstrained environments are rarely evaluated.
+In this paper, we propose a novel method for pose robust face recognition towards practical …",12580034443764300065,174,Towards pose robust face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Yi_Towards_Pose_Robust_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+90,S Zafeiriou|C Zhang|Z Zhang,"Face detection is one of the most studied topics in computer vision literature, not only
+because of the challenging nature of face as an object, but also due to the countless
+applications that require the application of face detection as a first step. During the past 15 …",8427517852023469465,207,"A survey on face detection in the wild: past, present and future",http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.702.833&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+91,JT Springenberg,"In this paper we present a method for learning a discriminative classifier from unlabeled or
+partially labeled data. Our approach is based on an objective function that trades-off mutual
+information between observed examples and their predicted categorical class distribution …",3077106609105382524,250,Unsupervised and semi-supervised learning with categorical generative adversarial networks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06390
+92,L Liang|R Xiao|J Sun,"In this paper, we propose a component-based discriminative approach for face alignment
+without requiring initialization. Unlike many approaches which locally optimize in a small
+range, our approach searches the face shape in a large range at the component level by a …",6280822730775715655,164,Face alignment via component-based discriminative search,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5897/0f1f51432a094faaeb3f4f70aa1778d61a42.pdf
+93,Q Ke|J Sun,"State-of-the-art image retrieval systems achieve scalability by using a bag-of-words
+representation and textual retrieval methods, but their performance degrades quickly in the
+face image domain, mainly because they produce visual words with low discriminative …",2207610357975412933,155,Scalable face image retrieval with identity-based quantization and multireference reranking,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/cvpr2010.pdf
+94,KS Narayan|T Achim,"The state of the art in computer vision has rapidly advanced over the past decade largely
+aided by shared image datasets. However, most of these datasets tend to consist of assorted
+collections of images from the web that do not include 3D information or pose information …",6478452945760612848,180,Bigbird: A large-scale 3d database of object instances,https://jamessha.com/media/2014-ICRA-BigBIRD.pdf
+95,J Lu|VE Liong|X Zhou,"Binary feature descriptors such as local binary patterns (LBP) and its variations have been
+widely used in many face recognition systems due to their excellent robustness and strong
+discriminative power. However, most existing binary face descriptors are hand-crafted …",9496781539556150844,198,Learning compact binary face descriptor for face recognition,
+96,M Uřičář|V Franc|V Hlaváč,"Joint statistical model of appearance and shape.+ Provides dense set of facial features.+
+Allows to extract whole contours of facial features (eyes, mouth, etc.).–Requires high
+dimensional images for both training and testing stage.–Detection leads to non-convex …",11644525706282829979,162,[PDF] Detector of facial landmarks learned by the structured output SVM,http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~uricamic/flandmark/doc/flandmark_cmptalk.pdf
+97,C Ding|J Choi|D Tao|LS Davis,"To perform unconstrained face recognition robust to variations in illumination, pose and
+expression, this paper presents a new scheme to extract “Multi-Directional Multi-Level Dual-
+Cross Patterns”(MDML-DCPs) from face images. Specifically, the MDML-DCPs scheme …",8264448342080249099,192,Multi-directional multi-level dual-cross patterns for robust face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.5311
+98,X Zhang|Y Sugano|M Fritz,"Appearance-based gaze estimation is believed to work well in real-world settings, but
+existing datasets have been collected under controlled laboratory conditions and methods
+have been not evaluated across multiple datasets. In this work we study appearance-based …",8284646831790188439,199,Appearance-based gaze estimation in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Zhang_Appearance-Based_Gaze_Estimation_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+99,SU Hussain|T Napoléon,"This paper proposes a novel face representation based on Local Quantized Patterns (LQP).
+LQP is a generalization of local pattern features that makes use of vector quantization and
+lookup table to let local pattern features have many more pixels and/or quantization levels …",14332142130811518773,156,Face recognition using local quantized patterns,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00806104/document
+100,J Ruiz-del-Solar|R Verschae|M Correa,"The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative study of face recognition methods that are
+suitable to work in unconstrained environments. The analyzed methods are selected by
+considering their performance in former comparative studies, in addition to be real-time, to …",3021616903872176881,149,Recognition of faces in unconstrained environments: A comparative study,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1155/2009/184617.pdf
+101,K Sohn|H Lee|X Yan,"Supervised deep learning has been successfully applied for many recognition problems in
+machine learning and computer vision. Although it can approximate a complex many-to-one
+function very well when large number of training data is provided, the lack of probabilistic …",12314198516266869942,306,Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models,http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5775-learning-structured-output-representation-using-deep-conditional-generative-models.pdf
+102,H Han|C Otto|X Liu|AK Jain,"Demographic estimation entails automatic estimation of age, gender and race of a person
+from his face image, which has many potential applications ranging from forensics to social
+media. Automatic demographic estimation, particularly age estimation, remains a …",3837976453676830645,181,Demographic estimation from face images: Human vs. machine performance,http://vipl.ict.ac.cn/uploadfile/upload/2017020711105957.pdf
+103,P Zhu|L Zhang|Q Hu,"Small sample size is one of the most challenging problems in face recognition due to the
+difficulty of sample collection in many real-world applications. By representing the query
+sample as a linear combination of training samples from all classes, the so-called …",5121793132294092169,155,Multi-scale patch based collaborative representation for face recognition with margin distribution optimization,http://azadproject.ir/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2011-Multi-scale-Patch-based-Collaborative-Representation-for-Face-Recognition.pdf
+104,B Ma|Y Su|F Jurie,"Avoiding the use of complicated pre-processing steps such as accurate face and body part
+segmentation or image normalization, this paper proposes a novel face/person image
+representation which can properly handle background and illumination variations. Denoted …",9266962248005369502,173,Covariance descriptor based on bio-inspired features for person re-identification and face verification,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/01/00/99/58/PDF/14_IMAVIS_REID.pdf
+105,S Winkler,"Large face datasets are important for advancing face recognition research, but they are
+tedious to build, because a lot of work has to go into cleaning the huge amount of raw data.
+To facilitate this task, we describe an approach to building face datasets that starts with …",9390951279725836807,190,A data-driven approach to cleaning large face datasets,http://vintage.winklerbros.net/Publications/icip2014a.pdf
+106,Q Cao|Y Ying|P Li,"Recently, there is a considerable amount of efforts devoted to the problem of unconstrained
+face verification, where the task is to predict whether pairs of images are from the same
+person or not. This problem is challenging and difficult due to the large variations in face …",6096691229022786657,157,Similarity metric learning for face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Cao_Similarity_Metric_Learning_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+107,L Zhang|Y Hu|X He|J Gao,"In this paper, we design a benchmark task and provide the associated datasets for
+recognizing face images and link them to corresponding entity keys in a knowledge base.
+More specifically, we propose a benchmark task to recognize one million celebrities from …",7096719334274798105,237,Ms-celeb-1m: A dataset and benchmark for large-scale face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.08221
+108,J Li|Y Zhang,"This paper presents a novel learning framework for training boosting cascade based object
+detector from large scale dataset. The framework is derived from the wellknown Viola-Jones
+(VJ) framework but distinguished by three key differences. First, the proposed framework …",6738886949108907040,154,Learning surf cascade for fast and accurate object detection,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Li_Learning_SURF_Cascade_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+109,T Cour|B Sapp|B Taskar,"We address the problem of partially-labeled multiclass classification, where instead of a
+single label per instance, the algorithm is given a candidate set of labels, only one of which
+is correct. Our setting is motivated by a common scenario in many image and video …",3344068892486204794,164,Learning from partial labels,http://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume12/cour11a/cour11a.pdf
+110,D Chen|G Hua,"In this paper, we address the person re-identification problem, discovering the correct
+matches for a probe person image from a set of gallery person images. We follow the
+learning-to-rank methodology and learn a similarity function to maximize the difference …",7811388690690161469,170,Similarity learning on an explicit polynomial kernel feature map for person re-identification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Chen_Similarity_Learning_on_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+111,T Berg|PN Belhumeur,"We propose a method of face verification that takes advantage of a reference set of faces,
+disjoint by identity from the test faces, labeled with identity and face part locations. The
+reference set is used in two ways. First, we use it to perform an “identity-preserving” …",8277139911421388705,144,[PDF] Tom-vs-Pete Classifiers and Identity-Preserving Alignment for Face Verification.,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.1903&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+112,S Xia|M Shao|J Luo|Y Fu,"There is an urgent need to organize and manage images of people automatically due to the
+recent explosion of such data on the Web in general and in social media in particular.
+Beyond face detection and face recognition, which have been extensively studied over the …",9142684656177756082,155,Understanding kin relationships in a photo,http://www1.ece.neu.edu/~yunfu/papers/Kinship-TMM.pdf
+113,C Ding|D Tao,"The capacity to recognize faces under varied poses is a fundamental human ability that
+presents a unique challenge for computer vision systems. Compared to frontal face
+recognition, which has been intensively studied and has gradually matured in the past few …",1565996627450427158,161,A comprehensive survey on pose-invariant face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.04383
+114,L Best-Rowden|H Han|C Otto,"As face recognition applications progress from constrained sensing and cooperative
+subjects scenarios (eg, driver's license and passport photos) to unconstrained scenarios
+with uncooperative subjects (eg, video surveillance), new challenges are encountered …",1855572166214262743,146,Unconstrained face recognition: Identifying a person of interest from a media collection,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brendan_Klare/publication/263697736_Unconstrained_Face_Recognition_Identifying_a_Person_of_Interest_from_a_Media_Collection/links/57d064e308ae6399a389d966.pdf
+115,NS Vu,"This paper addresses the question of computationally inexpensive yet discriminative and
+robust feature sets for real-world face recognition. The proposed descriptor named Patterns
+of Oriented Edge Magnitudes (POEM) has desirable properties: POEM (1) is an oriented …",9317709950817551081,133,Face recognition with patterns of oriented edge magnitudes,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d03e/4e938bcbc25aa0feb83d8a0830f9cd3eb3ea.pdf
+116,C Ding|C Xu|D Tao,"Face images captured in unconstrained environments usually contain significant pose
+variation, which dramatically degrades the performance of algorithms designed to recognize
+frontal faces. This paper proposes a novel face identification framework capable of handling …",11765648720615450580,145,Multi-task pose-invariant face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Changxing_Ding/publication/270962355_Multi-Task_Pose-Invariant_Face_Recognition/links/5688ec8908ae1e63f1f8b085.pdf
+117,A Milan|L Leal-Taixé|I Reid|S Roth,"Standardized benchmarks are crucial for the majority of computer vision applications.
+Although leaderboards and ranking tables should not be over-claimed, benchmarks often
+provide the most objective measure of performance and are therefore important guides for …",13920092871923211898,213,MOT16: A benchmark for multi-object tracking,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.00831
+118,M Agrawala|W Li|M Dontcheva,"We present a demonstration-based system for automatically generating succinct step-by-
+step visual tutorials of photo manipulations. An author first demonstrates the manipulation
+using an instrumented version of GIMP that records all changes in interface and application …",8136534433160016372,132,Generating photo manipulation tutorials by demonstration,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.221.17&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+119,I Kemelmacher-Shlizerman|SM Seitz,"Recent face recognition experiments on a major benchmark LFW show stunning
+performance--a number of algorithms achieve near to perfect score, surpassing human
+recognition rates. In this paper, we advocate evaluations at the million scale (LFW includes …",6051410257476935491,201,The megaface benchmark: 1 million faces for recognition at scale,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Kemelmacher-Shlizerman_The_MegaFace_Benchmark_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+120,BC Chen|CS Chen|WH Hsu,"Recently, promising results have been shown on face recognition researches. However,
+face recognition and retrieval across age is still challenging. Unlike prior methods using
+complex models with strong parametric assumptions to model the aging process, we use a …",17233726932630046823,146,Cross-age reference coding for age-invariant face recognition and retrieval,https://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/papers/song/17611-F.pdf
+121,Y Taigman|M Yang|MA Ranzato,"Scaling machine learning methods to very large datasets has attracted considerable
+attention in recent years, thanks to easy access to ubiquitous sensing and data from the
+web. We study face recognition and show that three distinct properties have surprising …",10164848479942108704,149,Web-scale training for face identification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Taigman_Web-Scale_Training_for_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+122,L Wolf,"This paper advances descriptor-based face recognition by suggesting a novel usage of
+descriptors to form an over-complete representation, and by proposing a new metric
+learning pipeline within the same/not-same framework. First, the Over-Complete Local …",4860481626549434115,142,Fast high dimensional vector multiplication face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Barkan_Fast_High_Dimensional_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+123,HJ Seo|P Milanfar,"We present a novel face representation based on locally adaptive regression kernel (LARK)
+descriptors. Our LARK descriptor measures a self-similarity based on “signal-induced
+distance” between a center pixel and surrounding pixels in a local neighborhood. By …",2144045078765134920,134,Face verification using the lark representation,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.221.7135&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+124,A Dhall|R Goecke|S Lucey,"Quality data recorded in varied realistic environments is vital for effective human face related
+research. Currently available datasets for human facial expression analysis have been
+generated in highly controlled lab environments. We present a new static facial expression …",16969184502677554782,151,"Static facial expression analysis in tough conditions: Data, evaluation protocol and benchmark",https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/iccvw/2011/0063/00/06130508.pdf
+125,X Wang|C Zhang|Z Zhang,"Face verification has many potential applications including filtering and ranking image/video
+search results on celebrities. Since these images/videos are taken under uncontrolled
+environments, the problem is very challenging due to dramatic lighting and pose variations …",5415155725474861532,124,Boosted multi-task learning for face verification with applications to web image and video search,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2009/06/Boosted-Multi-Task-Learning-for-Face-Verification-With-Applications-to-Web-Image-and-Video-Search.pdf
+126,M Sharif|S Bhagavatula|L Bauer,"Abstract Machine learning is enabling a myriad innovations, including new algorithms for
+cancer diagnosis and self-driving cars. The broad use of machine learning makes it
+important to understand the extent to which machine-learning algorithms are subject to …",10006479087737690195,231,Accessorize to a crime: Real and stealthy attacks on state-of-the-art face recognition,https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978392&type=pdf
+127,M Guillaumin|J Verbeek|C Schmid,"Metric learning aims at finding a distance that approximates a task-specific notion of
+semantic similarity. Typically, a Mahalanobis distance is learned from pairs of data labeled
+as being semantically similar or not. In this paper, we learn such metrics in a weakly …",16434553563392655317,131,Multiple instance metric learning from automatically labeled bags of faces,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/54/86/39/PDF/GVS10a.pdf
+128,JR Beveridge|PJ Phillips|DS Bolme,"Inexpensive “point-and-shoot” camera technology has combined with social network
+technology to give the general population a motivation to use face recognition technology.
+Users expect a lot; they want to snap pictures, shoot videos, upload, and have their friends …",14133365278203052728,127,The challenge of face recognition from digital point-and-shoot cameras,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad_Teli/publication/261392568_The_challenge_of_face_recognition_from_digital_point-and-shoot_cameras/links/54041ea40cf2bba34c1c3662.pdf
+129,R Min|N Kose|JL Dugelay,"The recent success of emerging RGB-D cameras such as the Kinect sensor depicts a broad
+prospect of 3-D data-based computer applications. However, due to the lack of a standard
+testing database, it is difficult to evaluate how the face recognition technology can benefit …",12265069979365493047,144,Kinectfacedb: A kinect database for face recognition,http://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication/4393/download/mm-publi-4393.pdf
+130,X Cao|G Duan,"Face verification involves determining whether a pair of facial images belongs to the same
+or different subjects. This problem can prove to be quite challenging in many important
+applications where labeled training data is scarce, eg, family album photo organization …",5831855623044570494,132,A practical transfer learning algorithm for face verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Cao_A_Practical_Transfer_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+131,G Sharma|S ul Hussain|F Jurie,"This paper proposes a new image representation for texture categorization and facial
+analysis, relying on the use of higher-order local differential statistics as features. In contrast
+with models based on the global structure of textures and faces, it has been shown recently …",773482693810119300,121,Local higher-order statistics (LHS) for texture categorization and facial analysis,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/72/28/19/PDF/lhs_eccv12.pdf
+132,E Learned-Miller|GB Huang|A RoyChowdhury,"Abstract In 2007, Labeled Faces in the Wild was released in an effort to spur research in
+face recognition, specifically for the problem of face verification with unconstrained images.
+Since that time, more than 50 papers have been published that improve upon this …",6279977738716936043,166,Labeled faces in the wild: A survey,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.696.1377&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+133,GB Huang|E Learned-Miller,"The Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) database has spurred significant research in the
+problem of unconstrained face verification and other related problems. While careful usage
+guidelines were established in the original technical report describing the database, certain …",6019562805562373151,139,[PDF] Labeled faces in the wild: Updates and new reporting procedures,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2d34/82dcff69c7417c7b933f22de606a0e8e42d4.pdf
+134,I Masi|AT Trần|T Hassner,"Face recognition capabilities have recently made extraordinary leaps. Though this progress
+is at least partially due to ballooning training set sizes–huge numbers of face images
+downloaded and labeled for identity–it is not clear if the formidable task of collecting so …",11085869434810770683,155,Do we really need to collect millions of faces for effective face recognition?,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07057
+135,C Ding|D Tao,"Face images appearing in multimedia applications, eg, social networks and digital
+entertainment, usually exhibit dramatic pose, illumination, and expression variations,
+resulting in considerable performance degradation for traditional face recognition …",16754552945422920980,149,Robust face recognition via multimodal deep face representation,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.00244
+136,L Wolf|T Hassner|Y Taigman,"The One-Shot similarity measure has recently been introduced in the context of face
+recognition where it was used to produce state-of-the-art results. Given two vectors, their
+One-Shot similarity score reflects the likelihood of each vector belonging in the same class …",7642698447291243700,119,The one-shot similarity kernel,https://www.openu.ac.il/home/hassner/projects/Ossk/WolfHassnerTaigman_ICCV09.pdf
+137,TY Lin|Y Cui|S Belongie|J Hays,"The recent availability of geo-tagged images and rich geospatial data has inspired a number
+of algorithms for image based geolocalization. Most approaches predict the location of a
+query image by matching to ground-level images with known locations (eg, street-view …",10824595950759689962,134,Learning deep representations for ground-to-aerial geolocalization,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Lin_Learning_Deep_Representations_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+138,J Gauthier,"We apply an extension of generative adversarial networks (GANs)[8] to a conditional setting.
+In the GAN framework, a “generator” network is tasked with fooling a “discriminator” network
+into believing that its own samples are real data. We add the capability for each network to …",5990267490871493945,143,[PDF] Conditional generative adversarial nets for convolutional face generation,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/42f6/f5454dda99d8989f9814989efd50fe807ee8.pdf
+139,Q Chen|R Feris|LM Brown,"We address the problem of describing people based on fine-grained clothing attributes. This
+is an important problem for many practical applications, such as identifying target suspects
+or finding missing people based on detailed clothing descriptions in surveillance videos or …",15119993148313317568,144,Deep domain adaptation for describing people based on fine-grained clothing attributes,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Chen_Deep_Domain_Adaptation_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+140,A Kae|K Sohn|H Lee,"Conditional random fields (CRFs) provide powerful tools for building models to label image
+segments. They are particularly well-suited to modeling local interactions among adjacent
+regions (eg, superpixels). However, CRFs are limited in dealing with complex, global (long …",13771768434346991290,119,Augmenting CRFs with Boltzmann machine shape priors for image labeling,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Kae_Augmenting_CRFs_with_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+141,X Xiong|F De la Torre,"Mathematical optimization plays a fundamental role in solving many problems in computer
+vision (eg, camera calibration, image alignment, structure from motion). It is generally
+accepted that second order descent methods are the most robust, fast, and reliable …",659737783701472137,122,Global supervised descent method,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Xiong_Global_Supervised_Descent_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+142,M Castrillón|O Déniz|D Hernández,"The human face provides useful information during interaction; therefore, any system
+integrating Vision-Based Human Computer Interaction requires fast and reliable face and
+facial feature detection. Different approaches have focused on this ability but only open …",8087854887973151306,109,A comparison of face and facial feature detectors based on the Viola–Jones general object detection framework,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Javier_Lorenzo-Navarro/publication/225153455_A_comparison_of_face_and_facial_feature_detectors_based_on_the_Viola-Jones_general_object_detection_framework/links/5731d50908ae6cca19a309f7/A-comparison-of-face-and-facial-feature-detectors-based-on-the-Viola-Jones-general-object-detection-framework.pdf
+143,HT Ho|R Chellappa,"One of the key challenges for current face recognition techniques is how to handle pose
+variations between the probe and gallery face images. In this paper, we present a method
+for reconstructing the virtual frontal view from a given nonfrontal face image using Markov …",8256179485904681434,105,Pose-invariant face recognition using markov random fields,
+144,S Xia|M Shao|Y Fu,"Because of the inevitable impact factors such as pose, expression, lighting and aging on
+faces, identity verification through faces is still an unsolved problem. Research on biometrics
+raises an even challenging problem—is it possible to determine the kinship merely based …",11824669039318147425,113,[PDF] Kinship verification through transfer learning,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/IJCAI/IJCAI11/paper/download/2979/3727
+145,L Zhang|PN Suganthan,"As a powerful tool for data regression and classification, neural networks have received
+considerable attention from researchers in fields such as machine learning, statistics,
+computer vision and so on. There exists a large body of research work on network training …",4259253002566552652,131,A survey of randomized algorithms for training neural networks,http://web.mysites.ntu.edu.sg/epnsugan/PublicSite/Shared%20Documents/PDFs/Survey_of_Randomized_Algorithms_for_Training_Neural_Networks.pdf
+146,B Shen|H Ling,"In this paper we study the problem of online aligning a newly arrived image to previously
+well-aligned images. Inspired by recent advances in batch image alignment using low rank
+decomposition [16], we treat the newly arrived image, after alignment, as being linearly and …",705672349574300282,114,Online robust image alignment via iterative convex optimization,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5218/fe6aba3068c3d8413eb8fbf990a44199a5cc.pdf
+147,B Babenko|P Dollár|Z Tu|S Belongie,"In object recognition in general and in face detection in particular, data alignment is
+necessary to achieve good classification results with certain statistical learning approaches
+such as Viola-Jones. Data can be aligned in one of two ways:(1) by separating the data into …",8642594015995994221,101,Simultaneous learning and alignment: Multi-instance and multi-pose learning,https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00326736/document
+148,D Wang|SCH Hoi|Y He|J Zhu|T Mei,"Auto face annotation, which aims to detect human faces from a facial image and assign them
+proper human names, is a fundamental research problem and beneficial to many real-world
+applications. In this work, we address this problem by investigating a retrieval-based …",15117840527115919165,105,Retrieval-based face annotation by weak label regularized local coordinate coding,http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3285&context=sis_research
+149,X Wu|R He|Z Sun,,,124,[CITATION] A lightened cnn for deep face representation,
+150,E Zhou|Z Cao,"Face recognition performance improves rapidly with the recent deep learning technique
+developing and underlying large training dataset accumulating. In this paper, we report our
+observations on how big data impacts the recognition performance. According to these …",3825976119630612116,119,Naive-deep face recognition: Touching the limit of LFW benchmark or not?,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.04690
+151,M De Marsico|M Nappi|D Riccio,"Face recognition has made significant advances in the last decade, but robust commercial
+applications are still lacking. Current authentication/identification applications are limited to
+controlled settings, eg, limited pose and illumination changes, with the user usually aware of …",7211859269383408050,107,Robust face recognition for uncontrolled pose and illumination changes,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Riccio/publication/260652311_Robust_Face_Recognition_for_Uncontrolled_Pose_and_Illumination_Changes/links/5402f4450cf23d9765a55fbc.pdf
+152,O Celiktutan|S Ulukaya|B Sankur,"Face landmarking, defined as the detection and localization of certain characteristic points
+on the face, is an important intermediary step for many subsequent face processing
+operations that range from biometric recognition to the understanding of mental states …",12709867039612250612,93,[HTML] A comparative study of face landmarking techniques,https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1687-5281-2013-13
+153,J Yim|H Jung|BI Yoo|C Choi|D Park,"Face recognition under viewpoint and illumination changes is a difficult problem, so many
+researchers have tried to solve this problem by producing the pose-and illumination-
+invariant feature. Zhu et al.[26] changed all arbitrary pose and illumination images to the …",7382636332749255673,121,Rotating your face using multi-task deep neural network,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Yim_Rotating_Your_Face_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+154,Z Wang|Y Song|C Zhang,"Dimensionality reduction is one of the widely used techniques for data analysis. However, it
+is often hard to get a demanded low-dimensional representation with only the unlabeled
+data, especially for the discriminative task. In this paper, we put forward a novel problem of …",12193951457362726651,96,Transferred dimensionality reduction,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-87481-2_36.pdf
+155,T Hassner,"We present a data-driven method for estimating the 3D shapes of faces viewed in single,
+unconstrained photos (aka"" in-the-wild""). Our method was designed with an emphasis on
+robustness and efficiency with the explicit goal of deployment in real-world applications …",16459979514802332620,108,Viewing real-world faces in 3D,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Hassner_Viewing_Real-World_Faces_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+156,L Zhang|PN Suganthan,"Ensemble methods use multiple models to get better performance. Ensemble methods have
+been used in multiple research fields such as computational intelligence, statistics and
+machine learning. This paper reviews traditional as well as state-of-the-art ensemble …",14156107131161535501,129,"[PDF] Ensemble classification and regression-recent developments, applications and future directions",http://web.mysites.ntu.edu.sg/epnsugan/PublicSite/Shared%20Documents/PDFs/CIM_ensemble_classification_regression_survey.pdf
+157,C Ding|D Tao,"Human faces in surveillance videos often suffer from severe image blur, dramatic pose
+variations, and occlusion. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework based on
+Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to overcome challenges in video-based face …",7712565699770130730,91,Trunk-branch ensemble convolutional neural networks for video-based face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.05427;Trunk-Branch
+158,T Hassner|L Wolf,"Recognizing actions in videos is rapidly becoming a topic of much research. To facilitate the
+development of methods for action recognition, several video collections, along with
+benchmark protocols, have previously been proposed. In this paper, we present a novel …",5157516198759762451,95,The action similarity labeling challenge,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.400.8877&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+159,JE Tapia,"In this paper, we report our extension of the use of feature selection based on mutual
+information and feature fusion to improve gender classification of face images. We compare
+the results of fusing three groups of features, three spatial scales, and four different mutual …",6033830850128724335,104,"[PDF] Gender classification based on fusion of different spatial scale features selected by mutual information from histogram of LBP, intensity, and shape",http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/126294/Gender%20Classification.pdf?sequence=1
+160,F Pernici,"In this paper, we present the ALIEN tracking method that exploits oversampling of local
+invariant representations to build a robust object/context discriminative classifier. To this
+end, we use multiple instances of scale invariant local features weakly aligned along the …",9480548260572014159,97,Object tracking by oversampling local features,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.642.1814&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+161,J Hu|J Lu|J Yuan|YP Tan,"Metric learning has been widely used in face and kinship verification and a number of such
+algorithms have been proposed over the past decade. However, most existing metric
+learning methods only learn one Mahalanobis distance metric from a single feature …",13300876665334231436,104,Large margin multi-metric learning for face and kinship verification in the wild,http://rose.ntu.edu.sg/Publications/Documents/Hu%20Junlin_Large%20Margin%20Multi-Metric%20Learning%20for%20Face%20and%20Kinship%20Verification%20in%20the%20Wild.pdf
+162,Z Zhou|G Zhao|X Hong|M Pietikäinen,"Visual speech information plays an important role in automatic speech recognition (ASR)
+especially when audio is corrupted or even inaccessible. Despite the success of audio-
+based ASR, the problem of visual speech decoding remains widely open. This paper …",3303743376728449171,88,A review of recent advances in visual speech decoding,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ziheng_Zhou/publication/264083813_Final-Version/links/0f31753cdb4cfa1b75000000/Final-Version.pdf
+163,G Hu|Y Yang|D Yi|J Kittler|W Christmas,"Deep learning, in particular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), has achieved promising
+results in face recognition recently. However, it remains an open question: why CNNs work
+well and how to design a'good'architecture. The existing works tend to focus on reporting …",14574687585213603640,113,When face recognition meets with deep learning: an evaluation of convolutional neural networks for face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w11/papers/Hu_When_Face_Recognition_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+164,J Wright|G Hua,"We present a new approach to robust pose-variant face recognition, which exhibits excellent
+generalization ability even across completely different datasets due to its weak dependence
+on data. Most face recognition algorithms assume that the face images are very well …",17206184258943003060,91,Implicit elastic matching with random projections for pose-variant face recognition,http://users.eecs.northwestern.edu/~ganghua/publication/CVPR08a.pdf
+165,W Liu|Y Wen|Z Yu|M Li|B Raj,"This paper addresses deep face recognition (FR) problem under open-set protocol, where
+ideal face features are expected to have smaller maximal intra-class distance than minimal
+inter-class distance under a suitably chosen metric space. However, few existing algorithms …",11996860204567761072,204,[PDF] Sphereface: Deep hypersphere embedding for face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Liu_SphereFace_Deep_Hypersphere_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+166,G Hua|A Akbarzadeh,"We present a robust elastic and partial matching metric for face recognition. To handle
+challenges such as pose, facial expression and partial occlusion, we enable both elastic
+and partial matching by computing a part based face representation. In which N local image …",11570913671278269261,87,A robust elastic and partial matching metric for face recognition,http://www.ece.northwestern.edu/~ganghua/publication/ICCV09a.pdf
+167,J Yan|Z Lei|D Yi|S Li,"In this paper, we present the details of our method in attending the 300 Faces in-the-wild
+(300W) challenge. We build our method on cascade regression framework, where a series
+of regressors are utilized to progressively refine the shape initialized by face detector. In …",16637726514407435045,97,Learn to combine multiple hypotheses for accurate face alignment,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_workshops_2013/W11/papers/Yan_Learn_to_Combine_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+168,I Kemelmacher-Shlizerman,"We address the problem of reconstructing 3D face models from large unstructured photo
+collections, eg, obtained by Google image search or from personal photo collections in
+iPhoto. This problem is extremely challenging due to the high degree of variability in pose …",4092773985779362040,100,Face reconstruction in the wild,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ira_Kemelmacher/publication/221111246_Face_Reconstruction_in_the_Wild/links/54dba9b00cf28d3de65bd472/Face-Reconstruction-in-the-Wild.pdf
+169,H Fan|Z Cao|Y Jiang,"Face representation is a crucial step of face recognition systems. An optimal face
+representation should be discriminative, robust, compact, and very easy-to-implement. While
+numerous hand-crafted and learning-based representations have been proposed …",5876431820583882042,101,Learning deep face representation,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.2802
+170,EG Ortiz|M Shah,"This paper presents an end-to-end video face recognition system, addressing the difficult
+problem of identifying a video face track using a large dictionary of still face images of a few
+hundred people, while rejecting unknown individuals. A straightforward application of the …",13089531990979797102,95,Face recognition in movie trailers via mean sequence sparse representation-based classification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Ortiz_Face_Recognition_in_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+171,P Bojanowski|F Bach|I Laptev|J Ponce,"We address the problem of learning a joint model of actors and actions in movies using
+weak supervision provided by scripts. Specifically, we extract actor/action pairs from the
+script and use them as constraints in a discriminative clustering framework. The …",1894577597424952222,96,Finding actors and actions in movies,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Bojanowski_Finding_Actors_and_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+172,D Wang|SCH Hoi|Y He|J Zhu,"This paper investigates a framework of search-based face annotation (SBFA) by mining
+weakly labeled facial images that are freely available on the World Wide Web (WWW). One
+challenging problem for search-based face annotation scheme is how to effectively perform …",14454002665924017794,88,Mining weakly labeled web facial images for search-based face annotation,http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3278&context=sis_research
+173,X Bai|B Wang|C Yao|W Liu,"In this paper, we propose a new shape/object retrieval algorithm, namely, co-transduction.
+The performance of a retrieval system is critically decided by the accuracy of adopted
+similarity measures (distances or metrics). In shape/object retrieval, ideally, intraclass …",1549938706586546505,88,Co-transduction for shape retrieval,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wenyu_Liu3/publication/51686559_Co-Transduction_for_Shape_Retrieval/links/0deec52b855fa9ccc0000000.pdf
+174,BC Becker|EG Ortiz,"This paper evaluates face recognition applied to the real-world application of Facebook.
+Because papers usually present results in terms of accuracy on constrained face datasets, it
+is difficult to assess how they would work on natural data in a real-world application. We …",13148406163097848755,86,Evaluation of face recognition techniques for application to facebook,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.160.1943&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+175,M Yang|L Zhang,"Factors such as misalignment, pose variation, and occlusion make robust face recognition a
+difficult problem. It is known that statistical features such as local binary pattern are effective
+for local feature extraction, whereas the recently proposed sparse or collaborative …",15070594179519633034,89,Robust kernel representation with statistical local features for face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.639.4032&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+176,H Li|G Hua|X Shen|Z Lin|J Brandt,"To effectively solve the problem of large scale video face recognition, we argue for a
+comprehensive, compact, and yet flexible representation of a face subject. It shall
+comprehensively integrate the visual information from all relevant video frames of the …",5407240453876540361,90,Eigen-pep for video face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.646.6062&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+177,W Liu|Y Wen|Z Yu|M Yang,"Cross-entropy loss together with softmax is arguably one of the most common used
+supervision components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Despite its simplicity,
+popularity and excellent performance, the component does not explicitly encourage …",132136711413140598,163,[PDF] Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks.,http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v48/liud16.pdf
+178,J Hu|J Lu|YP Tan,"Conventional metric learning methods usually assume that the training and test samples are
+captured in similar scenarios so that their distributions are assumed to be the same. This
+assumption doesn't hold in many real visual recognition applications, especially when …",2737605426767264632,128,Deep transfer metric learning,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Hu_Deep_Transfer_Metric_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+179,J Wang|G Zeng|Z Tu,"The k-NN graph has played a central role in increasingly popular data-driven techniques for
+various learning and vision tasks; yet, finding an efficient and effective way to construct k-NN
+graphs remains a challenge, especially for large-scale high-dimensional data. In this paper …",3871221256900448016,89,Scalable k-nn graph construction for visual descriptors,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.661.4439&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+180,C Huang,"Face Recognition has been studied for many decades. As opposed to traditional hand-
+crafted features such as LBP and HOG, much more sophisticated features can be learned
+automatically by deep learning methods in a data-driven way. In this paper, we propose a …",10962147699917251085,105,Targeting ultimate accuracy: Face recognition via deep embedding,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.07310
+181,BC Chen|YY Chen|YH Kuo|WH Hsu,"Photos with people (eg, family, friends, celebrities, etc.) are the major interest of users. Thus,
+with the exponentially growing photos, large-scale content-based face image retrieval is an
+enabling technology for many emerging applications. In this work, we aim to utilize …",16774915294693135513,83,Scalable Face Image Retrieval Using Attribute-Enhanced Sparse Codewords.,http://ntucsu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~winston/papers/chen12scalable.pdf
+182,M Guillaumin|T Mensink|J Verbeek,"In this paper, we present methods for face recognition using a collection of images with
+captions. We consider two tasks: retrieving all faces of a particular person in a data set, and
+establishing the correct association between the names in the captions and the faces in the …",17958432724954132749,83,Face recognition from caption-based supervision,https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00585834/document
+183,A Tewari|M Zollhofer,"In this work we propose a novel model-based deep convolutional autoencoder that
+addresses the highly challenging problem of reconstructing a 3D human face from a single
+in-the-wild color image. To this end, we combine a convolutional encoder network with an …",1588561877699027150,77,Mofa: Model-based deep convolutional face autoencoder for unsupervised monocular reconstruction,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Tewari_MoFA_Model-Based_Deep_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+184,I Masi|G Medioni,"We propose a method to push the frontiers of unconstrained face recognition in the wild,
+focusing on the problem of extreme pose variations. As opposed to current techniques which
+either expect a single model to learn pose invariance through massive amounts of training …",8112909669524398760,112,Pose-aware face recognition in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Masi_Pose-Aware_Face_Recognition_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+185,JC Klontz|BF Klare|S Klum,"The biometrics community enjoys an active research field that has produced algorithms for
+several modalities suitable for real-world applications. Despite these developments, there
+exist few open source implementations of complete algorithms that are maintained by the …",6620897882234230199,83,[PDF] Open source biometric recognition,http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/Klontzetal_OpenSourceBiometricRecognition_BTAS13.pdf
+186,N Wang|X Gao|D Tao|X Li,"This paper presents a comprehensive survey of facial feature point detection with the
+assistance of abundant manually labeled images. Facial feature point detection favors many
+applications such as face recognition, animation, tracking, hallucination, expression analysis …",1119920801343896890,95,Facial feature point detection: A comprehensive survey,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.1037
+187,X Zhang|L Zhang|XJ Wang,"In this paper, we present a face annotation system to automatically collect and label celebrity
+faces from the web. With the proposed system, we have constructed a large-scale dataset
+called “Celebrities on the Web,” which contains 2.45 million distinct images of 421 436 …",14739543421659465339,77,[PDF] Finding celebrities in billions of web images,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xin-Jing_Wang/publication/260350275_Finding_Celebrities_in_Billions_of_Web_Images/links/544694250cf22b3c14de6beb/Finding-Celebrities-in-Billions-of-Web-Images.pdf
+188,TL Berg|AC Berg,"We demonstrate that is it possible to automatically find representative example images of a
+specified object category. These canonical examples are perhaps the kind of images that
+one would show a child to teach them what, for example a horse is-images with a large …",5898021290822453620,78,Finding iconic images,http://w.tamaraberg.com/papers/internetvisionworkshop_iconic.pdf
+189,K Bonnen|BF Klare|AK Jain,"This paper presents a framework for component-based face alignment and representation
+that demonstrates improvements in matching performance over the more common holistic
+approach to face alignment and representation. This work is motivated by recent evidence …",12285616567335985916,80,Component-based representation in automated face recognition,http://motion.cps.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/06341076.pdf
+190,SR Arashloo|J Kittler,"The paper addresses the problem of pose-invariant recognition of faces via an MRF
+matching model. Unlike previous costly matching approaches, the proposed algorithm
+employs effective techniques to reduce the MRF inference time. To this end, processing is …",10731654313684925052,74,Efficient processing of MRFs for unconstrained-pose face recognition,http://www.csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/dps/2013BTAS/Papers/Paper%2019/PID2859743.pdf
+191,P Tome|J Fierrez|R Vera-Rodriguez,"Soft biometric information extracted from a human body (eg, height, gender, skin color, hair
+color, and so on) is ancillary information easily distinguished at a distance but it is not fully
+distinctive by itself in recognition tasks. However, this soft information can be explicitly fused …",4922551206969687178,84,Soft biometrics and their application in person recognition at a distance,https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/363288/1/tome%2520tifs.pdf
+192,H Yan|J Lu|X Zhou,"In this paper, we propose a new prototype-based discriminative feature learning (PDFL)
+method for kinship verification. Unlike most previous kinship verification methods which
+employ low-level hand-crafted descriptors such as local binary pattern and Gabor features …",10574811632689752724,87,Prototype-based discriminative feature learning for kinship verification,https://www.kinfacew.com/papers/PDFL_TCYB15.pdf
+193,CD Castillo|DW Jacobs,"Face recognition across pose is a problem of fundamental importance in computer vision.
+We propose to address this problem by using stereo matching to judge the similarity of two,
+2D images of faces seen from different poses. Stereo matching allows for arbitrary …",8316896109201471525,72,Using stereo matching with general epipolar geometry for 2d face recognition across pose,
+194,P Zhu|W Zuo|L Zhang,"With the rapid development of digital imaging and communication technologies, image set-
+based face recognition (ISFR) is becoming increasingly important. One key issue of ISFR is
+how to effectively and efficiently represent the query face image set using the gallery face …",583497431017534872,81,Image set-based collaborative representation for face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.6687
+195,C Shen|J Kim|L Wang|A Hengel,"The success of many machine learning and pattern recognition methods relies heavily upon
+the identification of an appropriate distance metric on the input data. It is often beneficial to
+learn such a metric from the input training data, instead of using a default one such as the …",10046970145009954690,76,Positive semidefinite metric learning using boosting-like algorithms,http://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume13/shen12a/shen12a.pdf
+196,H Li|G Hua|Z Lin|J Brandt|J Yang,"We propose an unsupervised detector adaptation algorithm to adapt any offline trained face
+detector to a specific collection of images, and hence achieve better accuracy. The core of
+our detector adaptation algorithm is a probabilistic elastic part (PEP) model, which is offline …",2564623829334680905,73,Probabilistic elastic part model for unsupervised face detector adaptation,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Li_Probabilistic_Elastic_Part_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+197,CB Ng|YH Tay|BM Goi,"Gender is an important demographic attribute of people. This paper provides a survey of
+human gender recognition in computer vision. A review of approaches exploiting information
+from face and whole body (either from a still image or gait sequence) is presented. We …",4738296583798078141,76,Vision-based human gender recognition: A survey,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1204.1611
+198,J Byrne|C Stauffer,"Face recognition performance evaluation has traditionally focused on one-to-one
+verification, popularized by the Labeled Faces in the Wild dataset [1] for imagery and the
+YouTubeFaces dataset [2] for videos. In contrast, the newly released IJB-A face recognition …",6665742215798226909,70,Template adaptation for face verification and identification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.03958
+199,E Christiansen,"We present a study on grocery detection using our object detection system, ShelfScanner,
+which seeks to allow a visually impaired user to shop at a grocery store without additional
+human assistance. ShelfScanner allows online detection of items on a shopping list, in video …",9837531808504731923,72,Toward real-time grocery detection for the visually impaired,http://www.academia.edu/download/30744778/CVAVI_07.pdf
+200,S Liao|Z Lei|D Yi|SZ Li,"Many efforts have been made in recent years to tackle the unconstrained face recognition
+challenge. For the benchmark of this challenge, the Labeled Faces in theWild (LFW)
+database has been widely used. However, the standard LFW protocol is very limited, with …",7072440037264596054,81,A benchmark study of large-scale unconstrained face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.710.1722&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+201,S Hawe|M Seibert|M Kleinsteuber,"Many techniques in computer vision, machine learning, and statistics rely on the fact that a
+signal of interest admits a sparse representation over some dictionary. Dictionaries are
+either available analytically, or can be learned from a suitable training set. While analytic …",1359041716418714018,78,Separable dictionary learning,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Hawe_Separable_Dictionary_Learning_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+202,I Kemelmacher-Shlizerman|E Shechtman,"We present an approach for generating face animations from large image collections of the
+same person. Such collections, which we call photobios, sample the appearance of a
+person over changes in pose, facial expression, hairstyle, age, and other variations. By …",1013844379885090774,70,Exploring photobios,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ira_Kemelmacher/publication/220183438_Exploring_Photobios/links/54dba97d0cf2a7769d922815/Exploring-Photobios.pdf
+203,NS Vu|HM Dee,"Real-world face recognition systems require careful balancing of three concerns:
+computational cost, robustness, and discriminative power. In this paper we describe a new
+descriptor, POEM (patterns of oriented edge magnitudes), by applying a self-similarity based …",14545460226556799970,74,Face recognition using the POEM descriptor,
+204,R Huang|S Zhang|R He,"Photorealistic frontal view synthesis from a single face image has a wide range of
+applications in the field of face recognition. Although data-driven deep learning methods
+have been proposed to address this problem by seeking solutions from ample face data, this …",15204586527488059616,133,[PDF] Beyond face rotation: Global and local perception gan for photorealistic and identity preserving frontal view synthesis,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Huang_Beyond_Face_Rotation_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+205,P Luo|X Wang|X Tang,"Recent works have shown that facial attributes are useful in a number of applications such
+as face recognition and retrieval. However, estimating attributes in images with large
+variations remains a big challenge. This challenge is addressed in this paper. Unlike …",13696004000089280460,74,A deep sum-product architecture for robust facial attributes analysis,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Luo_A_Deep_Sum-Product_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+206,L Wolf|T Hassner|Y Taigman,"Recent methods for learning similarity between images have presented impressive results in
+the problem of pair matching (same/notsame classification) of face images. In this paper we
+explore how well this performance carries over to the related task of multi-option face …",5664954033400545837,528,Descriptor based methods in the wild,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/32/67/29/PDF/Wolf_patchlbp.pdf
+207,EG Ortiz|BC Becker,"With millions of users and billions of photos, web-scale face recognition is a challenging task
+that demands speed, accuracy, and scalability. Most current approaches do not address and
+do not scale well to Internet-sized scenarios such as tagging friends or finding celebrities …",1960601819752552469,70,Face recognition for web-scale datasets,http://crcv.ucf.edu/papers/OrtizBecker_Webscale_CVIU.pdf
+208,,"© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This Springer imprint is published by
+Springer NatureThis work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher,
+whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation …",16067553053841798492,78,[BOOK] Computer vision metrics,http://www.embedded-vision.com/sites/default/files/apress/computervisionmetrics/introduction/9781430259299_FM.pdf
+209,CY Wu|R Manmatha|AJ Smola,"Deep embeddings answer one simple question: How similar are two images? Learning
+these embeddings is the bedrock of verification, zero-shot learning, and visual search. The
+most prominent approaches optimize a deep convolutional network with a suitable loss …",17172154549460467447,63,Sampling matters in deep embedding learning,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Wu_Sampling_Matters_in_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+210,J Bekios-Calfa|JM Buenaposada|L Baumela,"Estimating human face gender from images is a problem that has been extensively studied
+because of its relevant applications. Recent works report significant drops in performance for
+state-of-the-art gender classifiers when evaluated “in the wild,” ie, with uncontrolled …",7418904237830411539,71,Robust gender recognition by exploiting facial attributes dependencies,http://www.dia.fi.upm.es/~lbaumela/WEB/publications/prl2013.pdf
+211,C Wallraven|DW Cunningham,"For over 150 years, physiologists and psychologists have been performing experiments to
+determine what signals in the world humans and animals can extract, how those signals are
+converted into information, and how the information is then represented and processed …",7363305835516192409,71,[BOOK] Experimental design: From user studies to psychophysics,
+212,J Yang|D Parikh|D Batra,"In this paper, we propose a recurrent framework for joint unsupervised learning of deep
+representations and image clusters. In our framework, successive operations in a clustering
+algorithm are expressed as steps in a recurrent process, stacked on top of representations …",1604679329796491368,121,Joint unsupervised learning of deep representations and image clusters,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Yang_Joint_Unsupervised_Learning_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+213,H Yang|I Patras,"In this paper we propose a method for the localization of multiple facial features on
+challenging face images. In the regression forests (RF) framework, observations (patches)
+that are extracted at several image locations cast votes for the localization of several facial …",10350002544534700690,68,Sieving regression forest votes for facial feature detection in the wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Yang_Sieving_Regression_Forest_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+214,BC Chen|CS Chen|WH Hsu,"This paper introduces a method for face recognition across age and also a dataset
+containing variations of age in the wild. We use a data-driven method to address the cross-
+age face recognition problem, called cross-age reference coding (CARC). By leveraging a …",3690310240027080462,87,Face recognition and retrieval using cross-age reference coding with cross-age celebrity dataset,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.707.8032&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+215,QMJ Wu|M Ahmadi,"In this paper, it is shown that multiscale analysis of facial structure and features of face
+images leads to superior recognition rates for images under varying illumination. The
+proposed method, which is computationally cost effective, significantly suppresses …",5792974999234884985,70,An efficient illumination invariant face recognition framework via illumination enhancement and DD-DTCWT filtering,http://www.cvsslab.com/publication/103.pdf
+216,A Coates|A Karpathy|AY Ng,"Recent work in unsupervised feature learning has focused on the goal of discovering high-
+level features from unlabeled images. Much progress has been made in this direction, but in
+most cases it is still standard to use a large amount of labeled data in order to construct …",10794633353847907100,62,Emergence of object-selective features in unsupervised feature learning,http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4497-emergence-of-object-selective-features-in-unsupervised-feature-learning.pdf
+217,J Xing|S Liu|S Yan,"Beauty e-Experts, a fully automatic system for makeover recommendation and synthesis, is
+developed in this work. The makeover recommendation and synthesis system
+simultaneously considers many kinds of makeover items on hairstyle and makeup. Given a …",10907645369848987821,62,Wow! you are so beautiful today!,https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~jzwang/1501863/mm2013/p3-liu.pdf
+218,S Sankaranarayanan|A Alavi|C Castillo,"Despite significant progress made over the past twenty five years, unconstrained face
+verification remains a challenging problem. This paper proposes an approach that couples a
+deep CNN-based approach with a low-dimensional discriminative embedding learned using …",16621248650975401599,86,Triplet probabilistic embedding for face verification and clustering,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.05417
+219,N Zhang|Y Taigman|R Fergus,"We explore the task of recognizing peoples' identities in photo albums in an unconstrained
+setting. To facilitate this, we introduce the new People In Photo Albums (PIPA) dataset,
+consisting of over 60000 instances of~ 2000 individuals collected from public Flickr photo …",4032136205953773331,77,Beyond frontal faces: Improving person recognition using multiple cues,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Zhang_Beyond_Frontal_Faces_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+220,F Lieder|T Griffiths|N Goodman,"Bayesian inference provides a unifying framework for addressing problems in machine
+learning, artificial intelligence, and robotics, as well as the problems facing the human mind.
+Unfortunately, exact Bayesian inference is intractable in all but the simplest models …",4014842505286628901,66,"Burn-in, bias, and the rationality of anchoring",http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4719-burn-in-bias-and-the-rationality-of-anchoring.pdf
+221,C Huang|S Zhu|K Yu,"Learning Mahanalobis distance metrics in a high-dimensional feature space is very difficult
+especially when structural sparsity and low rank are enforced to improve com-putational
+efficiency in testing phase. This paper addresses both aspects by an ensemble metric …",5709991103747431565,60,"Large scale strongly supervised ensemble metric learning, with applications to face verification and retrieval",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.6094
+222,R Ranjan|S Sankaranarayanan,"We present a multi-purpose algorithm for simultaneous face detection, face alignment, pose
+estimation, gender recognition, smile detection, age estimation and face recognition using a
+single deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Theproposed method employs a multi-task …",9787332191259973752,113,An all-in-one convolutional neural network for face analysis,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00851
+223,X Tan|ZH Zhou|S Chen,"In this paper, we present an enhanced pictorial structure (PS) model for precise eye
+localization, a fundamental problem involved in many face processing tasks. PS is a
+computationally efficient framework for part-based object modelling. For face images taken …",817392102131663930,57,Enhanced pictorial structures for precise eye localization under incontrolled conditions,https://cs.nju.edu.cn/zhouzh/zhouzh.files/publication/cvpr09b.pdf
+224,P Dago-Casas|D González-Jiménez,"Gender classification is one of the most important tasks in automated face analysis, and has
+attracted the interest of researchers for years. Up to now, most gender classification
+approaches have been tested using single-database experiments, and on quite controlled …",16285039674172733728,61,Single-and cross-database benchmarks for gender classification under unconstrained settings,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/iccvw/2011/0063/00/06130514.pdf
+225,I Kemelmacher-Shlizerman|A Sankar,"Given a photo of person A, we seek a photo of person B with similar pose and expression.
+Solving this problem enables a form of puppetry, in which one person appears to control the
+face of another. When deployed on a webcam-equipped computer, our approach enables a …",15703973721117313515,60,Being john malkovich,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7862/f646d640cbf9f88e5ba94a7d642e2a552ec9.pdf
+226,F Schroff|T Treibitz|D Kriegman|S Belongie,"Face recognition approaches have traditionally focused on direct comparisons between
+aligned images, eg using pixel values or local image features. Such comparisons become
+prohibitively difficult when comparing faces across extreme differences in pose, illumination …",4347078570515619899,62,"Pose, illumination and expression invariant pairwise face-similarity measure via doppelgänger list comparison",
+227,F Juefei-Xu|M Savvides,"In this paper, we employ several subspace representations (principal component analysis,
+unsupervised discriminant projection, kernel class-dependence feature analysis, and kernel
+discriminant analysis) on our proposd discrete transform encoded local binary patterns (DT …",14527696048743795184,63,Subspace-based discrete transform encoded local binary patterns representations for robust periocular matching on NIST's face recognition grand challenge,http://xujuefei.com/felix_tip14_lbp.pdf
+228,L El Shafey|C McCool|R Wallace,"In this paper, we present a scalable and exact solution for probabilistic linear discriminant
+analysis (PLDA). PLDA is a probabilistic model that has been shown to provide state-of-the-
+art performance for both face and speaker recognition. However, it has one major drawback …",10886165115938549495,62,A scalable formulation of probabilistic linear discriminant analysis: Applied to face recognition,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192719/files/ElShafey_Idiap-RR-07-2013.pdf
+229,X Peng|L Zhang|Z Yi,"Under the framework of spectral clustering, the key of subspace clustering is building a
+similarity graph, which describes the neighborhood relations among data points. Some
+recent works build the graph using sparse, low-rank, and ℓ 2-norm-based representation …",7225558232268000809,74,A unified framework for representation-based subspace clustering of out-of-sample and large-scale data,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.6487
+230,J Lu|VE Liong|G Wang,"This paper presents a new joint feature learning (JFL) approach to automatically learn
+feature representation from raw pixels for face recognition. Unlike many existing face
+recognition systems, where conventional feature descriptors, such as local binary patterns …",1576681958337510759,61,Joint feature learning for face recognition,
+231,M Kan|S Shan|D Xu|X Chen,"In recent years, face recognition in the unconstrained environment has attracted increasing
+attentions, and a few methods have been evaluated on the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW)
+database. In the unconstrained conditions, sometimes we cannot obtain the full class label …",16268254478301588517,63,[PDF] Side-Information based Linear Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition.,http://vipl.ict.ac.cn/homepage/mnkan/pdf/2011BMVCSILD.pdf
+232,J Mansanet|A Albiol|R Paredes,"Deep learning methods are able to automatically discover better representations of the data
+to improve the performance of the classifiers. However, in computer vision tasks, such as the
+gender recognition problem, sometimes it is difficult to directly learn from the entire image. In …",14573344986336331034,71,Local deep neural networks for gender recognition,https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/84826/main_plain.pdf?sequence=3
+233,H Gao|HK Ekenel|R Stiefelhagen,"We focused this work on handling variation in facial appearance caused by 3D head pose. A
+pose normalization approach based on fitting active appearance models (AAM) on a given
+face image was investigated. Profile faces with different rotation angles in depth were …",12741298130029346425,59,Pose normalization for local appearance-based face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hua_Gao3/publication/221383575_Pose_Normalization_for_Local_Appearance-Based_Face_Recognition/links/0c9605167e19436efc000000.pdf
+234,J Zhu|L Van Gool|SCH Hoi,"We propose a novel approach to unsupervised facial image alignment. Differently from
+previous approaches, that are confined to affine transformations on either the entire face or
+separate patches, we extract a nonrigid mapping between facial images. Based on a …",3257055446006668411,59,Unsupervised face alignment by robust nonrigid mapping,http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3371&context=sis_research
+235,T Xiang|Y Tian,"Person re-identification (Re-ID) poses a unique challenge to deep learning: how to learn a
+deep model with millions of parameters on a small training set of few or no labels. In this
+paper, a number of deep transfer learning models are proposed to address the data sparsity …",3339740530513307001,101,Deep transfer learning for person re-identification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05244
+236,W Wang|Y Yan|J Feng|S Yan,"Modeling the aging process of human face is important for cross-age face verification and
+recognition. In this paper, we introduce a recurrent face aging (RFA) framework based on a
+recurrent neural network which can identify the ages of people from 0 to 80. Due to the lack …",17194182546995604938,73,Recurrent face aging,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Wang_Recurrent_Face_Aging_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+237,D Yi|Z Lei|SZ Li,"After intensive research, heterogenous face recognition is still a challenging problem. The
+main difficulties are owing to the complex relationship between heterogenous face image
+spaces. The heterogeneity is always tightly coupled with other variations, which makes the …",8702817085170587402,64,Shared representation learning for heterogenous face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.1247
+238,BM Smith|J Brandt|Z Lin|L Zhang,"We propose a data-driven approach to facial landmark localization that models the
+correlations between each landmark and its surrounding appearance features. At runtime,
+each feature casts a weighted vote to predict landmark locations, where the weight is …",949507690388914700,57,Nonparametric context modeling of local appearance for pose-and expression-robust facial landmark localization,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Smith_Nonparametric_Context_Modeling_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+239,D Wang|C Otto|AK Jain,"Due to the prevalence of social media websites, one challenge facing computer vision
+researchers is to devise methods to process and search for persons of interest among the
+billions of shared photos on these websites. Facebook revealed in a 2013 white paper that …",6090704739511229522,56,Face search at scale: 80 million gallery,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.07242
+240,X Bai|B Wang|X Wang|W Liu|Z Tu,"In this paper, we propose a new shape/object retrieval algorithm, co-transduction. The
+performance of a retrieval system is critically decided by the accuracy of adopted similarity
+measures (distances or metrics). Different types of measures may focus on different aspects …",8888268200073286552,56,Co-transduction for shape retrieval,http://www.xinggangw.info/pubs/eccv-co.pdf
+241,,"Face recognition has made extraordinary progress owing to the advancement of deep
+convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The central task of face recognition, including face
+verification and identification, involves face feature discrimination. However, the traditional …",18180463842880004109,53,Cosface: Large margin cosine loss for deep face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2018/papers/Wang_CosFace_Large_Margin_CVPR_2018_paper.pdf
+242,N Pinto|JJ DiCarlo|DD Cox,"Progress in face recognition relies critically on the creation of test sets against which the
+performance of various approaches can be evaluated. A good set must capture the essential
+elements of what makes the problem hard, while conforming to practical scale limitations …",2434177734474304525,54,Establishing good benchmarks and baselines for face recognition,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/32/67/32/PDF/pinto-dicarlo-cox-eccv-2008-lfw_final.pdf
+243,J Deng|S Zafeiriou,"One of the main challenges in feature learning using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
+(DCNNs) for large-scale face recognition is the design of appropriate loss functions that
+enhance discriminative power. Centre loss penalises the distance between the deep …",13816119281473749224,52,Arcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.07698
+244,W AbdAlmageed|Y Wu,"We introduce our method and system for face recognition using multiple pose-aware deep
+learning models. In our representation, a face image is processed by several pose-specific
+deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models to generate multiple pose-specific …",5058093065918547569,72,Face recognition using deep multi-pose representations,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07388
+245,L Wolf,"Face recognition in unconstrained videos requires specialized tools beyond those
+developed for still images: the fact that the confounding factors change state during the
+video sequence presents a unique challenge, but also an opportunity to eliminate spurious …",6947563320280290877,53,The svm-minus similarity score for video face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Wolf_The_SVM-Minus_Similarity_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+246,S Mau|MT Harandi|C Sanderson,"Although automatic faces recognition has shown success for high-quality images under
+controlled conditions, for videobased recognition it is hard to attain similar levels of
+performance. We describe in this paper recent advances in a project being undertaken to …",12053848055600476631,52,Face recognition from still images to video sequences: a local-feature-based framework,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1155/2011/790598.pdf
+247,SR Arashloo|J Kittler,"This paper addresses face verification in unconstrained settings. For this purpose, first, a
+nonlinear binary class-specific kernel discriminant analysis classifier (CS-KDA) based on
+spectral regression kernel discriminant analysis is proposed. By virtue of the two-class …",2989411796864696068,65,Class-specific kernel fusion of multiple descriptors for face verification using multiscale binarised statistical image features,
+248,B Triggs,"An object detector must detect and localize each instance of the object class of interest in the
+image. Many recent detectors adopt a sliding window approach, reducing the problem to
+one of deciding whether the detection window currently contains a valid object instance or …",5767061825653208343,53,Efficient object detection using cascades of nearest convex model classifiers,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.378.7544&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+249,Z Wu|Y Huang|L Wang|X Wang,"This paper studies an approach to gait based human identification via similarity learning by
+deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With a pretty small group of labeled multi-view
+human walking videos, we can train deep networks to recognize the most discriminative …",7203997711039369832,90,A comprehensive study on cross-view gait based human identification with deep cnns,http://ir.ia.ac.cn/bitstream/173211/14376/1/wuzifeng-A%20Comprehensive%20Study%20on%20Cross-View%20Gait%20Based%20Human%20Identification%20with%20Deep%20CNNs.pdf
+250,Z Wang|QMJ Wu,"Low-resolution face recognition (LR FR) aims to recognize faces from small size or poor
+quality images with varying pose, illumination, expression, etc. It has received much
+attention with increasing demands for long distance surveillance applications, and extensive …",5436595759524312377,62,Low-resolution face recognition: a review,http://www.cvsslab.com/publication/116.pdf
+251,MF Moens,"In this paper we report on our experiments on aligning names and faces as found in images
+and captions of online news Websites. Developing accurate technologies for linking names
+and faces is valuable when retrieving or mining information from multimedia collections. We …",13596757137935139008,48,Cross-media alignment of names and faces,http://www.ru.nl/publish/pages/544689/proceedings_dir2010.pdf#page=90
+252,T Hospedales|YZ Song|CC Loy,"Heterogeneous face recognition (HFR) refers to matching face imagery across different
+domains. It has received much interest from the research community as a result of its
+profound implications in law enforcement. A wide variety of new invariant features, cross …",6030182071539626720,48,"A survey on heterogeneous face recognition: Sketch, infra-red, 3D and low-resolution",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.5114
+253,M Shao|S Xia|Y Fu,"In this paper, we consider a challenging problem raised in biometric recently, genealogical
+face recognition. Practically, kinship can be proved via several methods, ie, gene match. We
+argue in this paper that merely based on facial appearance can we present an accepted …",11228569925561062283,56,Genealogical face recognition based on ub kinface database,
+254,Y Taigman|L Wolf,"We employ the face recognition technology developed in house at face. com to a well
+accepted benchmark and show that without any tuning we are able to considerably surpass
+state of the art results. Much of the improvement is concentrated in the high-valued …",17234441787217049803,49,Leveraging billions of faces to overcome performance barriers in unconstrained face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1108.1122
+255,,"In this paper, a novel local pattern descriptor generated by the proposed local vector pattern
+(LVP) in high-order derivative space is presented for use in face recognition. Based on the
+vector of each pixel constructed by computing the values between the referenced pixel and …",16383406606109058284,68,A novel local pattern descriptor—local vector pattern in high-order derivative space for face recognition,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/83/6819102/06809981.pdf
+256,KA Toh,"Due to the rapid growth of social network services such as Facebook and Twitter,
+incorporation of face recognition in these large-scale web services is attracting much
+attention in both academia and industry. The major problem in such applications is to deal …",15735427729424966215,50,Incremental face recognition for large-scale social network services,
+257,Y Xu|Z Zhang|G Lu|J Yang,"Though most of the faces are axis-symmetrical objects, few real-world face images are axis-
+symmetrical images. In the past years, there are many studies on face recognition, but only
+little attention is paid to this issue and few studies to explore and exploit the axis-symmetrical …",10460910168815412344,62,Approximately symmetrical face images for image preprocessing in face recognition and sparse representation based classification,
+258,H Han|AK Jain|S Shan,"Face attribute estimation has many potential applications in video surveillance, face
+retrieval, and social media. While a number of methods have been proposed for face
+attribute estimation, most of them did not explicitly consider the attribute correlation and …",3434468347319138443,48,Heterogeneous face attribute estimation: A deep multi-task learning approach,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.00906
+259,BC Chen|YH Kuo|YY Chen,"We aim to develop a scalable face image retrieval system which can integrate with partial
+identity information to improve the retrieval result. To achieve this goal, we first apply sparse
+coding on local features extracted from face images combining with inverted indexing to …",3513463808360526133,49,Semi-supervised face image retrieval using sparse coding with identity constraint,http://www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~yanying/paper/msp022-chen.pdf
+260,X Tan|S Chen|ZH Zhou,"Eye localization has gained a wide range of applications in face recognition, gaze
+estimation, pose estimation, expression analysis, etc. However, due to the high degree of
+appearance variability of eyes in size, shape, color, texture and various ambient …",17251416502350476348,52,A literature survey on robust and efficient eye localization in real-life scenarios,http://parnec.nuaa.edu.cn/xtan/paper/ED_survey0412.pdf
+261,AT Tran|T Hassner|I Masi,"The 3D shapes of faces are well known to be discriminative. Yet despite this, they are rarely
+used for face recognition and always under controlled viewing conditions. We claim that this
+is a symptom of a serious but often overlooked problem with existing methods for single view …",2591297000189902764,57,[PDF] Regressing robust and discriminative 3D morphable models with a very deep neural network,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Tran_Regressing_Robust_and_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+262,J Lu|G Wang|W Deng|K Jia,"In this paper, we propose a reconstruction-based metric learning method to learn a
+discriminative distance metric for unconstrained face verification. Unlike conventional metric
+learning methods, which only consider the label information of training samples and ignore …",15678229767196368097,50,Reconstruction-based metric learning for unconstrained face verification,http://vipl.ict.ac.cn/homepage/rpwang/CVPR15Metric/ref/Reconstruction-Based%20Metric%20Learning%20for%20Unconstrained%20Face%20Verification_TIFS2015.pdf
+263,,"Pairwise classification is the task to predict whether the examples a, b of a pair (a, b) belong
+to the same class or to different classes. In particular, interclass generalization problems can
+be treated in this way. In pairwise classification, the order of the two input examples should …",15222440214814888936,49,Pairwise support vector machines and their application to large scale problems,http://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume13/brunner12a/brunner12a.pdf
+264,H Li|G Hua,"Pose variation remains one of the major factors adversely affect the accuracy of real-world
+face recognition systems. Inspired by the recently proposed probabilistic elastic part (PEP)
+model and the success of the deep hierarchical architecture in a number of visual tasks, we …",2561575549253829512,50,Hierarchical-pep model for real-world face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Li_Hierarchical-PEP_Model_for_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+265,I Marques,"The goal of this” proyecto fin de carrera” was to produce a review of the face detection and
+face recognition literature as comprehensive as possible. Face detection was included as a
+unavoidable preprocessing step for face recogntion, and as an issue by itself, because it …",8682547856388677263,54,[PDF] Face recognition algorithms,http://alweb.ehu.es/ccwintco/uploads/d/d2/PFC-IonMarqu%C3%A9s.pdf
+266,Z Wang|S Chang|D Liu,"Visual recognition research often assumes a sufficient resolution of the region of interest
+(ROI). That is usually violated in practice, inspiring us to explore the Very Low Resolution
+Recognition (VLRR) problem. Typically, the ROI in a VLRR problem can be smaller than 16 …",11512989278363956953,72,Studying very low resolution recognition using deep networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Wang_Studying_Very_Low_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+267,M Vatsa|R Singh,"Biometric fusion consolidates the output of multiple biometric classifiers to render a decision
+about the identity of an individual. We consider the problem of designing a fusion scheme
+when 1) the number of training samples is limited, thereby affecting the use of a purely …",4950084259267530132,50,On the dynamic selection of biometric fusion algorithms,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arun_Ross/publication/224153240_On_the_Dynamic_Selection_of_Biometric_Fusion_Algorithms/links/5471dd4a0cf216f8cfad205a.pdf
+268,B Zhang|A Perina|V Murino,"The fact that image data samples lie on a manifold has been successfully exploited in many
+learning and inference problems. In this paper we leverage the specific structure of data in
+order to improve recognition accuracies in general recognition tasks. In particular we …",834309051675135327,48,Sparse representation classification with manifold constraints transfer,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Zhang_Sparse_Representation_Classification_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+269,L Zhang|D Zhang,"Conventional extreme learning machines (ELMs) solve a Moore-Penrose generalized
+inverse of hidden layer activated matrix and analytically determine the output weights to
+achieve generalized performance, by assuming the same loss from different types of …",14162144321809179442,61,Evolutionary cost-sensitive extreme learning machine,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.04373
+270,J Lu|J Hu|VE Liong|X Zhou|A Bottino,"The aim of the Kinship Verification in the Wild Evaluation (held in conjunction with the 2015
+IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Ljubljana,
+Slovenia) was to evaluate different kinship verification algorithms. For this task, two datasets …",7628878348835102201,53,The fg 2015 kinship verification in the wild evaluation,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01158942/document
+271,Y Gao|J Ma|AL Yuille,"This paper addresses the problem of face recognition when there is only few, or even only a
+single, labeled examples of the face that we wish to recognize. Moreover, these examples
+are typically corrupted by nuisance variables, both linear (ie, additive nuisance variables …",11030014895837834627,79,Semi-supervised sparse representation based classification for face recognition with insufficient labeled samples,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03279
+272,X Yin|X Liu,"This paper explores multi-task learning (MTL) for face recognition. First, we propose a multi-
+task convolutional neural network (CNN) for face recognition, where identity classification is
+the main task and pose, illumination, and expression (PIE) estimations are the side tasks …",11879927047309515996,44,Multi-task convolutional neural network for pose-invariant face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.04710
+273,TY Lin|S Maji,"The recent explosive growth in convolutional neural network (CNN) research has produced
+a variety of new architectures for deep learning. One intriguing new architecture is the
+bilinear CNN (B-CNN), which has shown dramatic performance gains on certain fine …",4288122123327788434,43,One-to-many face recognition with bilinear cnns,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.01342
+274,H Guo|Z Jiang|LS Davis,"In computer vision problems such as pair matching, only binary information-'same'or
+'different'label for pairs of images-is given during training. This is in contrast to classification
+problems, where the category labels of training images are provided. We propose a unified …",13323428696569664934,47,Discriminative dictionary learning with pairwise constraints,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2d99/0b04c2bd61d3b7b922b8eed33aeeeb7b9359.pdf
+275,N Cristianini,"The application of learning algorithms to big datasets has been identified for a long time as
+an effective way to attack important tasks in pattern recognition, but the generation of large
+annotated datasets has a significant cost. We present a simple and effective method to …",5709901266790956251,48,Learning to classify gender from four million images,
+276,A Mignon|F Jurie,"This paper proposes a new approach for Cross Modal Matching, ie the matching of patterns
+represented in di erent modalities, when pairs of same/di erent data are available for training
+(eg faces of same/di erent persons). In this situation, standard approaches such as Partial …",1619360121272447205,51,CMML: a new metric learning approach for cross modal matching,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/80/60/82/PDF/12_ACCV_cmml.pdf
+277,J Wang|Y Cheng|R Schmidt Feris,"The way people look in terms of facial attributes (ethnicity, hair color, facial hair, etc.) and the
+clothes or accessories they wear (sunglasses, hat, hoodies, etc.) is highly dependent on geo-
+location and weather condition, respectively. This work explores, for the first time, the use of …",2990940704877235260,59,Walk and learn: Facial attribute representation learning from egocentric video and contextual data,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Wang_Walk_and_Learn_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+278,T Mensink|J Verbeek,"In this paper we are interested in finding images of people on the web, and more specifically
+within large databases of captioned news images. It has recently been shown that visual
+analysis of the faces in images returned on a text-based query over captions can …",9527078389653089422,44,Improving people search using query expansions,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/32/10/45/PDF/verbeek08eccv.pdf
+279,G Goswami|BM Powell|M Vatsa|R Singh,"With data theft and computer break-ins becoming increasingly common, there is a great
+need for secondary authentication to reduce automated attacks while posing a minimal
+hindrance to legitimate users. CAPTCHA is one of the possible ways to classify human users …",15882463363589129479,46,FaceDCAPTCHA: Face detection based color image CAPTCHA,http://iab-rubric.org/papers/faceDCaptcha.pdf
+280,Y Sun|X Wang|X Tang,"This paper proposes to learn high-performance deep ConvNets with sparse neural
+connections, referred to as sparse ConvNets, for face recognition. The sparse ConvNets are
+learned in an iterative way, each time one additional layer is sparsified and the entire model …",2255856663648914492,59,Sparsifying neural network connections for face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Sun_Sparsifying_Neural_Network_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+281,Y Yang|Z Xu|S Yan,"Compared to visual concepts such as actions, scenes and objects, complex event is a
+higher level abstraction of longer video sequences. For example, a"" marriage proposal""
+event is described by multiple objects (eg, ring, faces), scenes (eg, in a restaurant, outdoor) …",10640210757115865564,46,How related exemplars help complex event detection in web videos?,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Yang_How_Related_Exemplars_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+282,X Shu|J Tang|H Lai|S Yan,"In this paper, we aim to automatically render aging faces in a personalized way. Basically, a
+set of age-group specific dictionaries are learned, where the dictionary bases corresponding
+to the same index yet from different dictionaries form a particular aging process pattern cross …",5955604685008289183,55,Personalized age progression with aging dictionary,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Shu_Personalized_Age_Progression_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+283,JZ Leibo|T Poggio,"One approach to computer object recognition and modeling the brain's ventral stream
+involves unsupervised learning of representations that are invariant to common
+transformations. However, applications of these ideas have usually been limited to 2D affine …",872124845696160309,44,Learning invariant representations and applications to face verification,http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5206-learning-invariant-representations-and-applications-to-face-verification.pdf
+284,P Zhu|M Yang|L Zhang,"Face recognition with single sample per person (SSPP) is a very challenging task because
+in such a scenario it is difficult to predict the facial variations of a query sample by the gallery
+samples. Considering the fact that different parts of human faces have different importance …",17901419147851225349,53,Local generic representation for face recognition with single sample per person,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.702.5033&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+285,X Wu|R He|Z Sun,"The volume of convolutional neural network (CNN) models proposed for face recognition
+has been continuously growing larger to better fit the large amount of training data. When
+training data are obtained from the Internet, the labels are likely to be ambiguous and …",8473894151493982595,116,A light CNN for deep face representation with noisy labels,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.02683
+286,X Yu|F Zhou|M Chandraker,"We propose a novel cascaded framework, namely deep deformation network (DDN), for
+localizing landmarks in non-rigid objects. The hallmarks of DDN are its incorporation of
+geometric constraints within a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, ease and …",6117019299209773329,57,Deep deformation network for object landmark localization,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.01014
+287,J Roth|Y Tong|X Liu,"This paper presents an algorithm for unconstrained 3D face reconstruction. The input to our
+algorithm is an"" unconstrained"" collection of face images captured under a diverse variation
+of poses, expressions, and illuminations, without meta data about cameras or timing. The …",5899709155176305014,54,Unconstrained 3D face reconstruction,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Roth_Unconstrained_3D_Face_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+288,L Best-Rowden|B Klare|J Klontz,"Face recognition in video is becoming increasingly important due to the abundance of video
+data captured by surveillance cameras, mobile devices, Internet uploads, and other sources.
+Given the aggregate of facial information contained in a video (ie, a sequence of face …",12317357450143589410,42,Video-to-video face matching: Establishing a baseline for unconstrained face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brendan_Klare/publication/261392307_Video-to-video_face_matching_Establishing_a_baseline_for_unconstrained_face_recognition/links/00b49537a121f8b49f000000.pdf
+289,R Ranjan|CD Castillo|R Chellappa,"In recent years, the performance of face verification systems has significantly improved using
+deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). A typical pipeline for face verification includes
+training a deep network for subject classification with softmax loss, using the penultimate …",9446974904742343029,78,L2-constrained softmax loss for discriminative face verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.09507
+290,R Wallace|M McLaren|C McCool,"This paper applies score and feature normalization techniques to parts-based Gaussian
+mixture model (GMM) face authentication. In particular, we propose to utilize techniques that
+are well established in state-of-the-art speaker authentication, and apply them to the face …",14942517329898265727,41,Cross-pollination of normalization techniques from speaker to face authentication using gaussian mixture models,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192771/files/Wallace_Idiap-RR-03-2012.pdf
+291,JR Beveridge|H Zhang|BA Draper,"This report presents results from the Video Person Recognition Evaluation held in
+conjunction with the 11th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture
+Recognition. Two experiments required algorithms to recognize people in videos from the …",11661329136609027026,40,Report on the FG 2015 video person recognition evaluation,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Changxing_Ding/publication/283865383_Report_on_the_FG_2015_Video_Person_Recognition_Evaluation/links/5684e86b08ae19758394db0d.pdf
+292,GB Huang|M Narayana,"In this paper, we argue that the most difficult face recognition problems (unconstrained face
+recognition) will be solved by simultaneously leveraging the solutions to multiple vision
+problems including segmentation, alignment, pose estimation, and the estimation of other …",2191092399747628077,42,Towards unconstrained face recognition,http://mplab.ucsd.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/CVPR2008/WorkShops/data/papers/024.pdf
+293,R Chellappa|VM Patel,"Face recognition in unconstrained acquisition conditions is one of the most challenging
+problems that has been actively researched in recent years. It is well known that many state-
+of-the-art still face recognition algorithms perform well, when constrained (frontal, well …",4944251030319594660,41,"Remote identification of faces: Problems, prospects, and progress",
+294,C Shan,"Automatic face recognition has long been established as one of the most active research
+areas in computer vision. Face recognition in unconstrained environments remains
+challenging for most practical applications. In contrast to traditional still-image based …",2450015023309253414,48,Face recognition and retrieval in video,https://bi.snu.ac.kr/~scai/Courses/DMIR/files/face%20recog.pdf
+295,A Tawari|MM Trivedi,"Driver's gaze direction is a critical information in understanding driver state. In this paper, we
+present a distributed camera framework to estimate driver's coarse gaze direction using both
+head and eye cues. Coarse gaze direction is often sufficient in a number of applications …",12892975296680284735,46,"[PDF] Where is the driver looking: Analysis of head, eye and iris for robust gaze zone estimation",http://cvrr.ucsd.edu/publications/2014/TawariChenTrivedi_ITSC2014.pdf
+296,S Saito|T Li|H Li,"We introduce the concept of unconstrained real-time 3D facial performance capture through
+explicit semantic segmentation in the RGB input. To ensure robustness, cutting edge
+supervised learning approaches rely on large training datasets of face images captured in …",8046814433733306585,53,Real-time facial segmentation and performance capture from rgb input,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02647
+297,ZH Feng|G Hu|J Kittler|W Christmas,"A large amount of training data is usually crucial for successful supervised learning.
+However, the task of providing training samples is often time-consuming, involving a
+considerable amount of tedious manual work. In addition, the amount of training data …",7372703842346037438,43,Cascaded collaborative regression for robust facial landmark detection trained using a mixture of synthetic and real images with dynamic weighting,http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808177/1/Feng-TIP-2015.pdf
+298,G Yovel|AJ O'Toole,"Natural movements of the face and body, as well as voice, provide converging cues to a
+person's identity. To date, person recognition has been studied primarily with static images
+of faces. Face recognition, however, is part of a larger system, whose preeminent goal is to …",11626145729037083299,39,Recognizing people in motion,https://people.socsci.tau.ac.il/mu/galityovel/files/2016/05/1-s2.0-S1364661316000462-main-3-1.pdf
+299,A Sinha|S Li|G Barbastathis,"Deep learning has been proven to yield reliably generalizable solutions to numerous
+classification and decision tasks. Here, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge
+that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be trained to solve end-to-end inverse problems in …",10692018848059843782,88,Lensless computational imaging through deep learning,https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=optica-4-9-1117&seq=0
+300,S Liu|J Yang|C Huang|MH Yang,"This paper formulates face labeling as a conditional random field with unary and pairwise
+classifiers. We develop a novel multi-objective learning method that optimizes a single
+unified deep convolutional network with two distinct non-structured loss functions: one …",15356629025747641038,53,Multi-objective convolutional learning for face labeling,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Liu_Multi-Objective_Convolutional_Learning_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+301,C Gong|T Liu|D Tao|K Fu|E Tu,"Graph Laplacian has been widely exploited in traditional graph-based semisupervised
+learning (SSL) algorithms to regulate the labels of examples that vary smoothly on the
+graph. Although it achieves a promising performance in both transductive and inductive …",3607257383694377617,53,Deformed graph Laplacian for semisupervised learning,https://tongliang-liu.github.io/papers/TNNLSDeformedGraphLaplacian.pdf
+302,B Zhuang|G Lin|C Shen|I Reid,"In this paper, we aim to learn a mapping (or embedding) from images to a compact binary
+space in which Hamming distances correspond to a ranking measure for the image retrieval
+task. We make use of a triplet loss because this has been shown to be most effective for …",6763639389637362389,55,Fast training of triplet-based deep binary embedding networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Zhuang_Fast_Training_of_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+303,F Alnajar|C Shan|T Gevers|JM Geusebroek,"In this paper we propose to adopt a learning-based encoding method for age estimation
+under unconstrained imaging conditions. A similar approach [Cao et al., 2010] is applied to
+face recognition in real-life face images. However, the feature vectors are encoded in hard …",1242174716130318426,42,Learning-based encoding with soft assignment for age estimation under unconstrained imaging conditions,https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/th.gevers/pub/GeversIVC2012.pdf
+304,UKH Ecker|S Lewandowsky|EP Chang,"Abstract Information presented in news articles can be misleading without being blatantly
+false. Experiment 1 examined the effects of misleading headlines that emphasize secondary
+content rather than the article's primary gist. We investigated how headlines affect readers' …",1340496460456092788,60,The effects of subtle misinformation in news headlines.,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ullrich_Ecker/publication/264428502_The_Effects_of_Subtle_Misinformation_in_News_Headlines/links/53df3d1b0cf2cfac99295eb5.pdf
+305,X Yu|F Porikli,"Conventional face super-resolution methods, also known as face hallucination, are limited
+up to 2\! ∼\! 4 * 2∼ 4× scaling factors where 4 ∼ 16 4∼ 16 additional pixels are estimated
+for each given pixel. Besides, they become very fragile when the input low-resolution image …",6013177615870836548,58,Ultra-resolving face images by discriminative generative networks,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d6f1/42f5ddcb027e7b346eb20703abbf5cc4e883.pdf
+306,F Juefei-Xu|K Luu|M Savvides,"In this paper, we investigate a single-sample periocular-based alignment-robust face
+recognition technique that is pose-tolerant under unconstrained face matching scenarios.
+Our Spartans framework starts by utilizing one single sample per subject class, and …",18100032828990571742,48,[PDF] Spartans: Single-Sample Periocular-Based Alignment-Robust Recognition Technique Applied to Non-Frontal Scenarios,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Felix_Juefei-Xu/publication/281141250_Spartans_Single-Sample_Periocular-Based_Alignment-Robust_Recognition_Technique_Applied_to_Non-Frontal_Scenarios/links/59238abb0f7e9b9979475a87/Spartans-Single-Sample-Periocular-Based-Alignment-Robust-Recognition-Technique-Applied-to-Non-Frontal-Scenarios.pdf
+307,X Tan|S Chen,"In this paper, we present a novel approach to deal with the problem of detecting whether the
+eyes in a given still face image are closed, which has wide potential applications in human–
+computer interface design, facial expression recognition, driver fatigue detection, and so on …",7190083218776844518,57,Eyes closeness detection from still images with multi-scale histograms of principal oriented gradients,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.675.4628&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+308,,"Despite the importance of rigorous testing data for evaluating face recognition algorithms, all
+major publicly available faces-in-the-wild datasets are constrained by the use of a
+commodity face detector, which limits, among other conditions, pose, occlusion, expression …",8878846621376471154,39,[PDF] IARPA Janus Benchmark-B Face Dataset.,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017_workshops/w6/papers/Whitelam_IARPA_Janus_Benchmark-B_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+309,S Gao|K Jia|L Zhuang|Y Ma,"This paper presents a regularized patch-based representation for single sample per person
+face recognition. We represent each image by a collection of patches and seek their sparse
+representations under the gallery images patches and intra-class variance dictionaries at …",8607551683776480176,45,Neither global nor local: Regularized patch-based representation for single sample per person face recognition,http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~lszhuang/Doc/2014-IJCV-Gao.pdf
+310,F Wang|LJ Guibas,"Abstract The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is an intuitive and natural distance metric for
+comparing two histograms or probability distributions. It provides a distance value as well as
+a flow-network indicating how the probability mass is optimally transported between the …",13186095557557986013,46,Supervised earth mover's distance learning and its computer vision applications,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonidas_Guibas/publication/262331794_Supervised_Earth_Mover's_Distance_Learning_and_Its_Computer_Vision_Applications/links/5704098008ae74a08e245e66/Supervised-Earth-Movers-Distance-Learning-and-Its-Computer-Vision-Applications.pdf
+311,Y Wen|Y Qiao,"While considerable progresses have been made on face recognition, age-invariant face
+recognition (AIFR) still remains a major challenge in real world applications of face
+recognition systems. The major difficulty of AIFR arises from the fact that the facial …",7269259464751818336,56,Latent factor guided convolutional neural networks for age-invariant face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Wen_Latent_Factor_Guided_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+312,BM Smith|L Zhang|J Brandt|Z Lin,"In this work, we propose an exemplar-based face image segmentation algorithm. We take
+inspiration from previous works on image parsing for general scenes. Our approach
+assumes a database of exemplar face images, each of which is associated with a hand …",2082922774412117566,53,Exemplar-based face parsing,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2013/papers/Smith_Exemplar-Based_Face_Parsing_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+313,J Ylioinas|A Hadid|M Pietikäinen,"Recent developments in face analysis showed that local binary patterns (LBP) provide
+excellent results in representing faces. LBP is by definition a purely gray-scale invariant
+texture operator, codifying only the facial patterns while ignoring the magnitude of gray level …",953903703737999750,39,Combining contrast information and local binary patterns for gender classification,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-21227-7_63.pdf
+314,,"Face verification is the task of determining by analyzing face images, whether a person is
+who he/she claims to be. It is a very challenge problem, due to large variations in lighting,
+background, expression, hairstyle and occlusion. The crucial problem is to compute the …",1855245380036067361,46,Deep nonlinear metric learning with independent subspace analysis for face verification,http://ir.ia.ac.cn/bitstream/173211/5145/1/201018014628026_004.pdf
+315,C Huang|SK Shah,"Facial landmark detection is a fundamental step for many tasks in computer vision such as
+expression recognition and face alignment. In this paper, we focus on the detection of
+landmarks under realistic scenarios that include pose, illumination and expression …",12998497478525097816,38,Facial landmark detection in uncontrolled conditions,
+316,C Kading|A Freytag|E Rodner,"Current visual recognition algorithms are"" hungry"" for data but massive annotation is
+extremely costly. Therefore, active learning algorithms are required that reduce labeling
+efforts to a minimum by selecting examples that are most valuable for labeling. In active …",14108534501853600395,43,Active learning and discovery of object categories in the presence of unnameable instances,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Kading_Active_Learning_and_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+317,MJ Wilber|IS Kwak|SJ Belongie,"Similarity comparisons of the form"" Is object a more similar to b than to c?"" form a useful
+foundation in several computer vision and machine learning applications. Unfortunately, an
+embedding of n points is only uniquely specified by n 3 triplets, making collecting every …",36818680511223233,48,Cost-effective hits for relative similarity comparisons,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/HCOMP/HCOMP14/paper/download/8954/8973
+318,AM Martinez,"We propose an approach to shape detection of highly deformable shapes in images via
+manifold learning with regression. Our method does not require shape key points be defined
+at high contrast image regions, nor do we need an initial estimate of the shape. We only …",12474667838482893433,37,Learning deformable shape manifolds,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269915/
+319,D Wang|H Lu|MH Yang,"Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of linear representation (ie, sparse
+representation, group sparse representation and collaborative representation) for face
+recognition and other vision problems. However, this linear representation assumption does …",10466788628320979205,44,Kernel collaborative face recognition,https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2017/09/2015-Kernel-collaborative-face-recognition.pdf
+320,M Yang|L Zhang|D Zhang,"Sparse representation techniques for robust face recognition have been widely studied in
+the past several years. Recently face recognition with simultaneous misalignment, occlusion
+and other variations has achieved interesting results via robust alignment by sparse …",6193759840897900786,36,Efficient misalignment-robust representation for real-time face recognition,http://azadproject.ir/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2012-Efficient-Misalignment-Robust-Representation-for-Real-Time-Face-Recognition.pdf
+321,,"In view of the theoretical and practical value of local binary pattern (LBP), the various LBP
+methods in texture analysis and classification, face analysis and recognition, and other
+detection applications are reviewed. Firstly, the principle of LBP method is briefly discussed …",12737688711847650070,38,Research and perspective on local binary pattern,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ke_Chen_Song/publication/259166826_Research_and_Perspective_on_Local_Binary_Pattern/links/5a4eca9c0f7e9bbfacfc3900/Research-and-Perspective-on-Local-Binary-Pattern.pdf
+322,Y Zhu|G Guo,"Age estimation from facial images is an important problem in computer vision and pattern
+recognition. Typically the goal is to predict the chronological age of a person given his or her
+face picture. It is seldom to study a related problem, that is, how old does a person look like …",13510422096229572529,44,A study on apparent age estimation,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w11/papers/Zhu_A_Study_on_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+323,Y Zhang|M Shao|EK Wong|Y Fu,"One of the most challenging task in face recognition is to identify people with varied poses.
+Namely, the test faces have significantly different poses compared with the registered faces.
+In this paper, we propose a high-level feature learning scheme to extract pose-invariant …",11351505266959754866,42,Random faces guided sparse many-to-one encoder for pose-invariant face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Zhang_Random_Faces_Guided_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+324,Y Duan|J Lu|J Feng,"In this paper, we propose a context-aware local binary feature learning (CA-LBFL) method
+for face recognition. Unlike existing learning-based local face descriptors such as
+discriminant face descriptor (DFD) and compact binary face descriptor (CBFD) which learn …",12709295471049374367,36,Context-aware local binary feature learning for face recognition,
+325,G Antipov|SA Berrani|JL Dugelay,"Despite being extensively studied in the literature, the problem of gender recognition from
+face images remains difficult when dealing with unconstrained images in a cross-dataset
+protocol. In this work, we propose a convolutional neural network ensemble model to …",15635701151696686923,43,Minimalistic CNN-based ensemble model for gender prediction from face images,http://www.eurecom.fr/en/publication/4768/download/mm-publi-4768.pdf
+326,Y Xu|J Yang|L Shen,"A common intrinsic limitation of the traditional subspace learning methods is the sensitivity to
+the outliers and the image variations of the object since they use the L 2 norm as the metric.
+In this paper, a series of methods based on the L 2, 1-norm are proposed for linear …",18247012053665609632,34,Rotational invariant dimensionality reduction algorithms,
+327,S Saxena|J Verbeek,"Despite the success of CNNs, selecting the optimal architecture for a given task remains an
+open problem. Instead of aiming to select a single optimal architecture, we propose
+a``fabric''that embeds an exponentially large number of architectures. The fabric consists of …",13382878732736797647,59,Convolutional neural fabrics,http://papers.nips.cc/paper/6304-convolutional-neural-fabrics.pdf
+328,M Haghighat|M Abdel-Mottaleb,"Single sample face recognition have become an important problem because of the
+limitations on the availability of gallery images. In many real-world applications such as
+passport or driver license identification, there is only a single facial image per subject …",9711043743365929871,52,Fully automatic face normalization and single sample face recognition in unconstrained environments,http://www.walhalabi.com/Papers/2016%20APR%20Fully%20automatic%20face%20normalization%20and%20single%20sample%20face%20recognitionin.pdf
+329,SJ Klum|H Han|BF Klare,"Facial composites are widely used by law enforcement agencies to assist in the
+identification and apprehension of suspects involved in criminal activities. These
+composites, generated from witness descriptions, are posted in public places and media …",1519742293727527760,41,The FaceSketchID system: Matching facial composites to mugshots,http://vipl.ict.ac.cn/uploadfile/upload/2017020711082379.pdf
+330,R Ranjan|A Kumar|CH Chen,"In this paper, we present an end-to-end system for the unconstrained face verification
+problem based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN). The end-to-end system
+consists of three modules for face detection, alignment and verification and is evaluated …",16361817541243184434,54,An end-to-end system for unconstrained face verification with deep convolutional neural networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w11/papers/Chen_An_End-To-End_System_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+331,Y Li|K Xu|Y Li|RH Deng,"Face authentication is one of promising biometrics-based user authentication mechanisms
+that have been widely available in this era of mobile computing. With built-in camera
+capability on smart phones, tablets, and laptops, face authentication provides an attractive …",1476252151704296505,37,Understanding OSN-based facial disclosure against face authentication systems,
+332,A Houacine,"Face detection is now a classical problem in detection, and it was addressed through
+several methods, including global comprehensive image scanning and structural
+approaches that focus on the facial structures. Face detection is considered in this paper …",3489612252193384935,35,Face detection based on a model of the skin color with constraints and template matching,
+333,Y Wu|T Hassner|KG Kim|G Medioni,"This paper concerns the problem of facial landmark detection. We provide a unique new
+analysis of the features produced at intermediate layers of a convolutional neural network
+(CNN) trained to regress facial landmark coordinates. This analysis shows that while being …",7440291791962491347,34,Facial landmark detection with tweaked convolutional neural networks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.04031
+334,T Hassner,"Understanding human actions in videos has been a central research theme in Computer
+Vision for decades, and much progress has been achieved over the years. Much of this
+progress was demonstrated on standard benchmarks used to evaluate novel techniques …",12761386389945580592,38,A critical review of action recognition benchmarks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_workshops_2013/W01/papers/Hassner_A_Critical_Review_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+335,F Liu|Q Zhao|X Liu,"We present an approach to simultaneously solve the two problems of face alignment and 3D
+face reconstruction from an input 2D face image of arbitrary poses and expressions. The
+proposed method iteratively and alternately applies two sets of cascaded regressors, one for …",8914136591703514739,48,Joint face alignment and 3d face reconstruction,http://cvlab.cse.msu.edu/pdfs/Liu_Zeng_Zhao_Liu_ECCV2016.pdf
+336,G Guo,"Collecting demographic information from the customers, such as age and sex, is very
+important for marketing and customer group analysis. For instance, the marketing study has
+an interest to know how many people visited a shopping mall, and what is the distribution of …",2810987046440988746,40,Human age estimation and sex classification,
+337,S Shan|X Chen|L Zhang,"Descriptor (SELD) is proposed for face recognition. Compared with K-means or Random-
+projection tree based previous methods, sparsity constraint is introduced in our dictionary
+learning and sequent image encoding, which implies more stable and discriminative face …",18414596897771278808,35,[PDF] Sparsely Encoded Local Descriptor for face recognition.,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zhen_Cui4/publication/224238132_Sparsely_Encoded_Local_Descriptor_for_face_recognition/links/53fd34910cf22f21c2f7de8c.pdf
+338,KM Lam,"In video surveillance, the captured face images are usually of low resolution (LR). Thus, a
+framework based on singular value decomposition (SVD) for performing both face
+hallucination and recognition simultaneously is proposed in this paper. Conventionally, LR …",4927217562138822563,42,Simultaneous hallucination and recognition of low-resolution faces based on singular value decomposition,http://kresttechnology.com/krest-academic-projects/krest-mtech-projects/ECE/MTech%20DSP%202015-16/MTech%20DSP%20BasePaper%202015-16/50.pdf
+339,Y Peng|X Huang,"Multimedia retrieval plays an indispensable role in big data utilization. Past efforts mainly
+focused on single-media retrieval. However, the requirements of users are highly flexible,
+such as retrieving the relevant audio clips with one query of image. So challenges stemming …",3646228632698519073,33,"An Overview of Cross-Media Retrieval: Concepts, Methodologies, Benchmarks, and Challenges",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.02223
+340,A Punnappurath|AN Rajagopalan,"Existing methods for performing face recognition in the presence of blur are based on the
+convolution model and cannot handle non-uniform blurring situations that frequently arise
+from tilts and rotations in hand-held cameras. In this paper, we propose a methodology for …",17593958085481709250,38,"Face recognition across non-uniform motion blur, illumination, and pose",http://ieeeprojectsmadurai.com/2015-16%20IEEE%20PAPERS/matlab(image%20processing)/matlab%20basepaper/Face%20Recognition%20Across%20Non-Uniform%20Motion.pdf
+341,A Bulat|G Tzimiropoulos,"This paper investigates how far a very deep neural network is from attaining close to
+saturating performance on existing 2D and 3D face alignment datasets. To this end, we
+make the following 5 contributions:(a) we construct, for the first time, a very strong baseline …",253169461545193453,98,"[PDF] How far are we from solving the 2d & 3d face alignment problem?(and a dataset of 230,000 3d facial landmarks)",http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Bulat_How_Far_Are_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+342,S Zafeiriou|GA Atkinson|MF Hansen,"This paper presents a new database suitable for both 2D and 3D face recognition based on
+photometric stereo (PS): the Photoface database. The database was collected using a
+custom-made four-source PS device designed to enable data capture with minimal …",13570048328411967591,36,Face recognition and verification using photometric stereo: The photoface database and a comprehensive evaluation,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/21130/1/revised.pdf
+343,R Weng|J Lu|J Hu|YP Tan,"Over the past two decades, a number of face recognition methods have been proposed in
+the literature. Most of them use holistic face images to recognize people. However, human
+faces are easily occluded by other objects in many real-world scenarios and we have to …",12700226906133861633,33,Robust feature set matching for partial face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Weng_Robust_Feature_Set_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+344,D Gong|D Tao|J Liu|X Li,"In this paper, we propose a new approach to overcome the representation and matching
+problems in age invariant face recognition. First, a new maximum entropy feature descriptor
+(MEFD) is developed that encodes the microstructure of facial images into a set of discrete …",5768073494061899990,38,A maximum entropy feature descriptor for age invariant face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Gong_A_Maximum_Entropy_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+345,Y Yang|S Liao|Z Lei|SZ Li,"In this paper, we propose a novel similarity measure and then introduce an efficient strategy
+to learn it by using only similar pairs for person verification. Unlike existing metric learning
+methods, we consider both the difference and commonness of an image pair to increase its …",18432636632155659291,39,[PDF] Large Scale Similarity Learning Using Similar Pairs for Person Verification.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI16/paper/download/12204/12143
+346,,"Many algorithms for computer vision rely on locating interest points, or keypoints in each
+image, and calculating a feature description from the pixel region surrounding the interest
+point. This is in contrast to methods such as correlation, where a larger rectangular pattern is …",10606914603599151106,47,Interest point detector and feature descriptor survey,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/30fb/3ccc03edc91b08f1d09198e81e1bab5dd4e6.pdf
+347,A Hernández-Vela|M Reyes|V Ponce|S Escalera,"In this paper, we present a fully-automatic Spatio-Temporal GrabCut human segmentation
+methodology that combines tracking and segmentation. GrabCut initialization is performed
+by a HOG-based subject detection, face detection, and skin color model. Spatial information …",4882906564973657337,37,[HTML] Grabcut-based human segmentation in video sequences,https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/11/15376htm
+348,J Chen,"Face image quality is an important factor affecting the accuracy of automatic face
+recognition. It is usually possible for practical recognition systems to capture multiple face
+images from each subject. Selecting face images with high quality for recognition is a …",13668087655868369293,42,Face image quality assessment based on learning to rank,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jiansheng_Chen/publication/265016758_Face_Image_Quality_Assessment_Based_on_Learning_to_Rank/links/546d662d0cf2193b94c5852b.pdf
+349,J Qian|J Yang|Y Xu,"This paper presents a robust but simple image feature extraction method, called image
+decomposition based on local structure (IDLS). It is assumed that in the local window of an
+image, the macro-pixel (patch) of the central pixel, and those of its neighbors, are locally …",3293500122833913648,34,Local structure-based image decomposition for feature extraction with applications to face recognition,
+350,JY Zhu|YJ Lee|AA Efros,"This paper proposes an interactive framework that allows a user to rapidly explore and
+visualize a large image collection using the medium of average images. Average images
+have been gaining popularity as means of artistic expression and data visualization, but the …",6453716516522782511,36,Averageexplorer: Interactive exploration and alignment of visual data collections,http://graphics.berkeley.edu/papers/Zhu-AIE-2014-07/Zhu-AIE-2014-07.pdf
+351,X Yin|X Yu|K Sohn|X Liu|M Chandraker,"Despite recent advances in face recognition using deep learning, severe accuracy drops are
+observed for large pose variations in unconstrained environments. Learning poseinvariant
+features is one solution, but needs expensively labeled large-scale data and carefully …",9877478657623787150,62,[PDF] Towards large-pose face frontalization in the wild,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Yin_Towards_Large-Pose_Face_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+352,G Chiachia|AX Falcao|N Pinto,"Humans are natural face recognition experts, far out-performing current automated face
+recognition algorithms, especially in naturalistic,“in the wild” settings. However, a striking
+feature of human face recognition is that we are dramatically better at recognizing highly …",6937820170324246011,34,Learning person-specific representations from faces in the wild,
+353,Z Huang|S Shan,"In this paper, we explore the real-world Still-to-Video (S2V) face recognition scenario, where
+only very few (single, in many cases) still images per person are enrolled into the gallery
+while it is usually possible to capture one or multiple video clips as probe. Typical …",18404293402282177573,33,Benchmarking still-to-video face recognition via partial and local linear discriminant analysis on cox-s2v dataset,http://www.jdl.ac.cn/doc/2011/20131910584927320_012_accv_zwhuang_benchmarking%20still-to-video%20face%20recognition%20via%20partial%20and%20local%20linear%20discriminant%20analysis%20on%20cox-s2v%20dataset.pdf
+354,H Yan|J Lu|X Zhou,"This paper presents a Multi-feature Multi-Manifold Learning (M 3 L) method for single-
+sample face recognition (SSFR). While numerous face recognition methods have been
+proposed over the past two decades, most of them suffer a heavy performance drop or even …",11331848542404892221,36,Multi-feature multi-manifold learning for single-sample face recognition,
+355,Y Verma|CV Jawahar,"The notion of relative attributes as introduced by Parikh and Grauman (ICCV, 2011) provides
+an appealing way of comparing two images based on their visual properties (or attributes)
+such as"" smiling"" for face images,"" naturalness"" for outdoor images, etc. For learning such …",6038582550929114520,34,Relative parts: Distinctive parts for learning relative attributes,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Sandeep_Relative_Parts_Distinctive_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+356,X Wang|R Zhao,"Person re-identification has important applications in video surveillance. It is particularly
+challenging because observed pedestrians undergo significant variations across camera
+views, and there are a large number of pedestrians to be distinguished given small …",6275409826573752984,37,Person re-identification: System design and evaluation overview,http://www.ee.cuhk.edu.hk/~xgwang/papers/wangZreid.pdf
+357,L Best-Rowden|JC Klontz,"Research focus in face recognition has shifted towards recognition of faces “in the wild” for
+both still images and videos which are captured in unconstrained imaging environments and
+without user cooperation. Due to confounding factors of pose, illumination, and expression …",3384775825964425122,36,Unconstrained face recognition: Establishing baseline human performance via crowdsourcing,http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Face/BestrowdenBishtKlontzJain_CrowdsourcingHumanPeformance_IJCB2014.pdf
+358,JR Troncoso-Pastoriza,"Face recognition is one of the foremost applications in computer vision, which often involves
+sensitive signals; privacy concerns have been raised lately and tackled by several recent
+privacy-preserving face recognition approaches. Those systems either take advantage of …",15864586998588189002,38,Fully private noninteractive face verification,http://gpsc.uvigo.es/sites/default/files/publications/TPFJPGTIFS11-FullyPrivateFaceVerif.pdf
+359,X Xu|W Li|D Xu,"In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve face verification and person re-
+identification in the RGB images by leveraging a set of RGB-D data, in which we have
+additional depth images in the training data captured using depth cameras such as Kinect …",2840410011860574392,40,Distance metric learning using privileged information for face verification and person re-identification,http://www.vision.ee.ethz.ch/~liwenw/papers/Xu_TNNLS2015.pdf
+360,M Günther|R Wallace|S Marcel,"In this paper we introduce the facereclib, the first software library that allows to compare a
+variety of face recognition algorithms on most of the known facial image databases and that
+permits rapid prototyping of novel ideas and testing of meta-parameters of face recognition …",14521783031843468480,32,An open source framework for standardized comparisons of face recognition algorithms,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192440/files/Gunther_Idiap-RR-29-2012.pdf
+361,L Wolf,"A join is a set of manuscript-fragments that are known to originate from the same original
+work. The Cairo Genizah is a collection containing approximately 350,000 fragments of
+mainly Jewish texts discovered in the late 19th century. The fragments are today spread out …",10104614983253936261,32,Identifying join candidates in the Cairo Genizah,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.174.7676&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+362,L Zhang|T Jung|XY Li,"Facing a large number of personal photos and limited resource of mobile devices, cloud
+plays an important role in photo storing, sharing and searching. Meanwhile, some recent
+reputation damage and stalk events caused by photo leakage increase people's concern …",13172344547619069450,39,Pop: Privacy-preserving outsourced photo sharing and searching for mobile devices,http://tns.thss.tsinghua.edu.cn/~cihangliu/papers/pop.pdf
+363,Y Xu|J Yang|D Zhang,"Locality and label information of training samples play an important role in image
+classification. However, previous dictionary learning algorithms do not take the locality and
+label information of atoms into account together in the learning process, and thus their …",1265884562842773913,50,A locality-constrained and label embedding dictionary learning algorithm for image classification,
+364,A Datta|R Feris|D Vaquero,"We propose a novel hierarchical structured prediction approach for ranking images of faces
+based on attributes. We view ranking as a bipartite graph matching problem; learning to rank
+under this setting can be achieved through structured prediction techniques that directly …",4574949770151905430,35,Hierarchical ranking of facial attributes,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.227.4366&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+365,W Rawat|Z Wang,"Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to visual tasks since the late
+1980s. However, despite a few scattered applications, they were dormant until the mid-
+2000s when developments in computing power and the advent of large amounts of labeled …",17428665317973389220,123,Deep convolutional neural networks for image classification: A comprehensive review,https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/full/10.1162/neco_a_00990
+366,M Oquab,"The goal of two-sample tests is to assess whether two samples, $ S_P\sim P^ n $ and $
+S_Q\sim Q^ m $, are drawn from the same distribution. Perhaps intriguingly, one relatively
+unexplored method to build two-sample tests is the use of binary classifiers. In particular …",12680900003954123128,45,Revisiting classifier two-sample tests,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.06545
+367,H Han|AK Jain,"One of the major challenges encountered by face recognition lies in the difficulty of handling
+arbitrary poses variations. While different approaches have been developed for face
+recognition across pose variations, many methods either require manual landmark …",3755498769312655530,34,Automatic multi-view face recognition via 3D model based pose regularization,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.389.8614&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+368,R Ptucha,"Sparse representations, motivated by strong evidence of sparsity in the primate visual
+cortex, are gaining popularity in the computer vision and pattern recognition fields, yet
+sparse methods have not gained widespread acceptance in the facial understanding …",2844576772085475815,31,Manifold based sparse representation for facial understanding in natural images,
+369,JZ Leibo|TA Poggio,"Gradient backpropagation (BP) requires symmetric feedforward and feedback connections—
+the same weights must be used for forward and backward passes. This “weight transport
+problem”(Grossberg 1987) is thought to be one of the main reasons to doubt BP's …",5794819233485667753,44,[PDF] How important is weight symmetry in backpropagation?,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI16/paper/download/12325/11812
+370,L Zhang|H Liu|S Yan,"We investigate large-scale face identification in unconstrained videos with 1000 subjects.
+This problem is very challenging, and until now most studies have only considered the
+scenarios with a small number of subjects and videos captured in controlled laboratory …",17319929764087223989,33,Toward large-population face identification in unconstrained videos,
+371,J Tapia|P Estévez,"In this article we report a new method for gender classification from frontal face images using
+feature selection based on mutual information and fusion of features extracted from intensity,
+shape, texture, and from three different spatial scales. We compare the results of three …",12722805935468719923,33,Gender classification from face images using mutual information and feature fusion,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15599612.2012.663463
+372,Ž Emeršič|V Štruc|P Peer,"Automatic identity recognition from ear images represents an active field of research within
+the biometric community. The ability to capture ear images from a distance and in a covert
+manner makes the technology an appealing choice for surveillance and security …",15397686910082361951,56,Ear recognition: More than a survey,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.06203
+373,S Sengupta|C Castillo,"We have collected a new face data set that will facilitate research in the problem of frontal to
+profile face verificationin the wild'. The aim of this data set is to isolate the factor of pose
+variation in terms of extreme poses like profile, where many features are occluded, along …",5060755442543001331,42,Frontal to profile face verification in the wild,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1001/05d6c97b23059f7aa70589ead2f61969fbc3.pdf
+374,M Tan|D Xu|ZY Dong,"Recently, low-rank representation (LRR) has shown promising performance in many real-
+world applications such as face clustering. However, LRR may not achieve satisfactory
+results when dealing with the data from nonlinear subspaces, since it is originally designed …",10953943137833272998,44,Robust kernel low-rank representation,
+375,SJ Oh|R Benenson|M Fritz|B Schiele,"As we shift more of our lives into the virtual domain, the volume of data shared on the web
+keeps increasing and presents a threat to our privacy. This works contributes to the
+understanding of privacy implications of such data sharing by analysing how well people are …",16442007174639645171,39,Faceless person recognition: Privacy implications in social media,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.08438
+376,D Wang|C Otto|AK Jain,"Given the prevalence of social media websites, one challenge facing computer vision
+researchers is to devise methods to search for persons of interest among the billions of
+shared photos on these websites. Despite significant progress in face recognition, searching …",5961110190177226608,54,Face Search at Scale.,http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Face/WangOttoJain_FaceSearchAtScale_TPAMI.pdf
+377,C Sagonas|Y Panagakis|S Zafeiriou,"Recently, it has been shown that excellent results can be achieved in both facial landmark
+localization and pose-invariant face recognition. These breakthroughs are attributed to the
+efforts of the community to manually annotate facial images in many different poses and to …",13841686304281668916,38,Robust statistical face frontalization,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Sagonas_Robust_Statistical_Face_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+378,Y Mroueh|T Sercu|V Goel,"We introduce new families of Integral Probability Metrics (IPM) for training Generative
+Adversarial Networks (GAN). Our IPMs are based on matching statistics of distributions
+embedded in a finite dimensional feature space. Mean and covariance feature matching …",6080524162434255745,47,McGan: Mean and covariance feature matching GAN,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.08398
+379,A Bansal|CD Castillo|R Ranjan,"While the research community appears to have developed a consensus on the methods of
+acquiring annotated data, design and training of CNNs, many questions still remain to be
+answered. In this paper, we explore the following questions that are critical to face …",16583671830808674747,29,[PDF] The Do's and Don'ts for CNN-based Face Verification.,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017_workshops/papers/w37/Bansal_The_Dos_and_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+380,F Shen|C Shen|Y Yang|HT Shen,"We propose a very simple, efficient yet surprisingly effective feature extraction method for
+face recognition (about 20 lines of Matlab codes), which is mainly inspired by spatial
+pyramid pooling in generic image classification. We show that, coupled with a linear …",13204553865791226662,32,Face image classification by pooling raw features,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6811
+381,R Aly|R Arandjelovic|K Chatfield|M Douze,"The AXES project participated in the interactive instance search task (INS), the semantic
+indexing task (SIN) the multimedia event recounting task (MER), and the multimedia event
+detection task (MED) for TRECVid 2013. Our interactive INS focused this year on using …",12970299473339244798,30,The AXES submissions at TrecVid 2013,https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00904404/document
+382,Y Kim,"Recently, face recognition (FR) based on always-on CIS has been investigated for the next-
+generation UI/UX of wearable devices. A FR system, shown in Fig. 14.6. 1, was developed
+as a life-cycle analyzer or a personal black box, constantly recording the people we meet …",17094910280557158221,40,14.6 A 0.62 mW ultra-low-power convolutional-neural-network face-recognition processor and a CIS integrated with always-on haar-like face detector,
+383,MÁ Bautista|S Escalera|X Baró|P Radeva,"The classification of large number of object categories is a challenging trend in the pattern
+recognition field. In literature, this is often addressed using an ensemble of classifiers. In this
+scope, the Error-correcting output codes framework has demonstrated to be a powerful tool …",9299100500804944708,31,Minimal design of error-correcting output codes,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.300.632&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+384,G Somanath|MV Rohith,"Analysis of face images has been the topic of in-depth research with wide spread
+applications. Face recognition, verification, age progression studies are some of the topics
+under study. In order to facilitate comparison and benchmarking of different approaches …",16938905906689382673,28,Vadana: A dense dataset for facial image analysis,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/iccvw/2011/0063/00/06130517.pdf
+385,C Zhao|WK Cham|X Wang,"As having multiple images of an object is practically convenient nowadays, to jointly align
+them is important for subsequent studies and a wide range of applications. In this paper, we
+propose a model-based approach to jointly align a batch of images of a face undergoing a …",4767776529131078046,30,Joint face alignment with a generic deformable face model,
+386,M Kafai|B Bhanu,"Face recognition has been studied extensively; however, real-world face recognition still
+remains a challenging task. The demand for unconstrained practical face recognition is
+rising with the explosion of online multimedia such as social networks, and video …",16407686721415608361,31,Reference face graph for face recognition,
+387,J Lu|V Erin Liong,"In this paper, we propose a simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding
+(SLBFLE) method for face recognition. Different from existing hand-crafted face descriptors
+such as local binary pattern (LBP) and Gabor features which require strong prior knowledge …",16156138329588200720,30,Simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding for face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Lu_Simultaneous_Local_Binary_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+388,L Zhang|Y Hu|X He|J Gao,"Face recognition, as one of the most well-studied problems in computer vision, consists of
+two subproblems, verification and identification. Face verification is to determine whether
+two given face images belong to the same person, while face identification is typically to …",11441397878284850109,35,Ms-celeb-1m: Challenge of recognizing one million celebrities in the real world,https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ist/ei/2016/00002016/00000011/art00013?crawler=true
+389,R Chellappa,"In this paper, we describe a remote face database which has been acquired in an
+unconstrained outdoor environment. The face images in this database suffer from variations
+due to blur, poor illumination, pose, and occlusion. It is well known that many state-of-the-art …",16702012356850922946,29,Evaluation of state-of-the-art algorithms for remote face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jie_Ni2/publication/224200872_Evaluation_of_state-of-the-art_algorithms_for_remote_face_recognition/links/0046352e91975cffb5000000.pdf
+390,X Zhao|S Shan|X Chai|X Chen,"In this paper, we propose a novel cascaded face shape space pruning algorithm for robust
+facial landmark detection. Through progressively excluding the incorrect candidate shapes,
+our algorithm can accurately and efficiently achieve the globally optimal shape …",15684729755972683473,29,Cascaded shape space pruning for robust facial landmark detection,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Zhao_Cascaded_Shape_Space_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+391,X Cao|X Wei|Y Han,"Face clustering is a key component either in image managements or video analysis. Wild
+human faces vary with the poses, expressions, and illumination changes. All kinds of noises,
+like block occlusions, random pixel corruptions, and various disguises may also destroy the …",17580625537085400302,35,Robust face clustering via tensor decomposition,
+392,H Fan|Z Cao|Y Jiang,"This paper addresses the problem of producing very compact representation of a face image
+for large-scale face search and analysis tasks. In tradition, the compactness of face
+representation is achieved by a dimension reduction step after representation extraction …",9176716275050175340,30,Learning compact face representation: Packing a face into an int32,
+393,C Shen|J Kim|L Wang,"Distance metric learning plays an important role in many vision problems. Previous work of
+quadratic Mahalanobis metric learning usually needs to solve a semidefinite programming
+(SDP) problem. A standard interior-point SDP solver has a complexity of O (D 6.5)(with D the …",12111812207833892701,31,A scalable dual approach to semidefinite metric learning,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chunhua_Shen2/publication/221364040_A_scalable_dual_approach_to_semidefinite_metric_learning/links/0deec5387d62106a65000000.pdf
+394,F Wang|X Xiang|J Cheng|AL Yuille,"Thanks to the recent developments of Convolutional Neural Networks, the performance of
+face verification methods has increased rapidly. In a typical face verification method, feature
+normalization is a critical step for boosting performance. This motivates us to introduce and …",16318804577055939491,53,Normface: l 2 hypersphere embedding for face verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.06369
+395,WS Chu|JJJ Lien,"This study presents a novel kernel discriminant transformation (KDT) algorithm for face
+recognition based on image sets. As each image set is represented by a kernel subspace,
+we formulate a KDT matrix that maximizes the similarities of within-kernel subspaces, and …",16855081576788323736,28,Kernel discriminant transformation for image set-based face recognition,http://ir.lib.kuas.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/12178/2/%E8%B3%87%E5%B7%A551-Kernel%20Discriminant%20Transformation%20for%20Image%20Set-Based%20Face%20Recognition.pdf
+396,YS Choi|T Chen|A Jain,"Delivering an object to a user would be a generally useful capability for service robots.
+Within this paper, we look at this capability in the context of assistive object retrieval for
+motor-impaired users. We first describe a behavior-based system that enables our mobile …",13623736646873761065,32,Hand it over or set it down: A user study of object delivery with an assistive mobile manipulator,https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/37361/roman2009_delivery.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
+397,M Demirkus|JJ Clark|T Arbel,"Automatic head pose estimation from real-world video sequences is of great interest to the
+computer vision community since pose provides prior knowledge for tasks, such as face
+detection and classification. However, developing pose estimation algorithms requires large …",9938054399660143764,29,Robust semi-automatic head pose labeling for real-world face video sequences,
+398,M Kan|S Shan|X Chen,"Cross-view recognition that intends to classify samples between different views is an
+important problem in computer vision. The large discrepancy between different even
+heterogenous views make this problem quite challenging. To eliminate the complex (maybe …",13580686416553975049,46,Multi-view deep network for cross-view classification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Kan_Multi-View_Deep_Network_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+399,A Moeini|K Faez,"In this paper, a novel method is proposed for real-world pose-invariant face recognition from
+only a single image in a gallery. A 3D Facial Expression Generic Elastic Model (3D FE-GEM)
+is proposed to reconstruct a 3D model of each human face using only a single 2D frontal …",1408225685146916272,27,Unrestricted pose-invariant face recognition by sparse dictionary matrix,
+400,M Kan|D Xu|S Shan|W Li,"In this paper, we propose a new scheme called Prototype Hyperplane Learning (PHL) for
+face verification in the wild using only weakly labeled training samples (ie, we only know
+whether each pair of samples are from the same class or different classes without knowing …",6103131015740634792,30,Learning prototype hyperplanes for face verification in the wild,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.674.2640&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+401,J Lu|YP Tan|G Wang,"For many practical face recognition systems such as law enforcement, e-passport, and ID
+card identification, there is usually only a single sample per person (SSPP) enrolled in these
+systems, and many existing face recognition methods may fail to work well because there …",10788393337389542784,28,Image-to-set face recognition using locality repulsion projections and sparse reconstruction-based similarity measure,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.710.6034&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+402,S Dimitrijev,"Image variability that is impossible or difficult to restore by intra-image processing, such as
+the variability caused by occlusions, significantly reduces the performance of image-
+recognition methods. To address this issue, we propose that the pixels associated with large …",14488406083090648298,29,Inter-image outliers and their application to image classification,https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/34436/64724_2.pdf?sequence=1
+403,JR Gardner|P Upchurch|MJ Kusner|Y Li,"Many tasks in computer vision can be cast as a"" label changing"" problem, where the goal is
+to make a semantic change to the appearance of an image or some subject in an image in
+order to alter the class membership. Although successful task-specific methods have been …",14475583420390812731,36,Deep manifold traversal: Changing labels with convolutional features,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06421
+404,J He|D Zhang|L Balzano,"Robust high-dimensional data processing has witnessed an exciting development in recent
+years. Theoretical results have shown that it is possible using convex programming to
+optimize data fit to a low-rank component plus a sparse outlier component. This problem is …",4902487010883530133,33,Iterative Grassmannian optimization for robust image alignment,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.0404
+405,CX Ren,"Lambertian model is a classical illumination model consisting of a surface albedo
+component and a light intensity component. Some previous researches assume that the light
+intensity component mainly lies in the large-scale features. They adopt holistic image …",1397115423743251745,30,Multiscale logarithm difference edgemaps for face recognition against varying lighting conditions,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ke_Kun_Huang/publication/273326451_Multiscale_Logarithm_Difference_Edgemaps_for_Face_Recognition_Against_Varying_Lighting_Conditions/links/583046a608ae138f1c05bb0b/Multiscale-Logarithm-Difference-Edgemaps-for-Face-Recognition-Against-Varying-Lighting-Conditions.pdf
+406,T Chakraborti|A Chatterjee,"The present paper proposes a novel feature selection scheme for face recognition problems,
+employing a new modified version of the gravitational search algorithm, a recently proposed
+metaheuristic optimization algorithm. The feature selection scheme, which reduces the …",5990717573034336153,29,"A novel binary adaptive weight GSA based feature selection for face recognition using local gradient patterns, modified census transform, and local binary patterns",http://www.academia.edu/download/35090322/research_publication_2.pdf
+407,J Lu|VE Liong,"In this paper, we propose a simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding
+(SLBFLE) approach for both homogeneous and heterogeneous face recognition. Unlike
+existing hand-crafted face descriptors such as local binary pattern (LBP) and Gabor features …",2651173721190268,26,Simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding for homogeneous and heterogeneous face recognition,
+408,Y Ying|M Pontil,"Linear metric learning is a widely used methodology to learn a dissimilarity function from a
+set of similar/dissimilar example pairs. Using a single metric may be a too restrictive
+assumption when handling heterogeneous datasets. Recently, local metric learning …",16412780700309483366,31,Large margin local metric learning,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/467b/602a67cfd7c347fe7ce74c02b38c4bb1f332.pdf
+409,A Bansal|A Nanduri|CD Castillo,"Recent progress in face detection (including keypoint detection), and recognition is mainly
+being driven by (i) deeper convolutional neural network architectures, and (ii) larger
+datasets. However, most of the large datasets are maintained by private companies and are …",15417824747310072694,46,Umdfaces: An annotated face dataset for training deep networks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.01484
+410,D Wang|SCH Hoi|Y He,"Auto face annotation plays an important role in many real-world multimedia information and
+knowledge management systems. Recently there is a surge of research interests in mining
+weakly-labeled facial images on the internet to tackle this long-standing research challenge …",13821668196936702691,27,A unified learning framework for auto face annotation by mining web facial images,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dayong_Wang2/publication/262291079_A_unified_learning_framework_for_auto_face_annotation_by_mining_web_facial_images/links/564cf1fd08ae4988a7a410e8.pdf
+411,L Chen,"We are dealing with the face cluster recognition problem where there are multiple images
+per subject in both gallery and probe sets. It is never guaranteed to have a clear spatio-
+temporal relation among the multiple images of each subject. Considering that the image …",7383413659533317775,30,Dual linear regression based classification for face cluster recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Chen_Dual_Linear_Regression_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+412,J Saragih,"ABSTRACT A new paradigm for multivariate regression is proposed; principal regression
+analysis (PRA). It entails learning a low dimensional subspace over sample-specific
+regressors. For a given input, the model predicts a subspace thought to contain the …",11750265634546211594,28,Principal regression analysis,
+413,T Hassner|L Wolf,"Abstract The One-Shot-Similarity (OSS) is a framework for classifier-based similarity
+functions. It is based on the use of background samples and was shown to excel in tasks
+ranging from face recognition to document analysis. However, we found that its performance …",1767508843931002131,27,One shot similarity metric learning for action recognition,https://www.openu.ac.il/home/hassner/data/ASLAN/Papers/simbad.pdf
+414,C Peng|X Gao|N Wang,"Heterogeneous face recognition (HFR) refers to matching face images acquired from
+different sources (ie, different sensors or different wavelengths) for identification. HFR plays
+an important role in both biometrics research and industry. In spite of promising progresses …",4222000929336163835,43,Graphical Representation for Heterogeneous Face Recognition.,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.00488
+415,B Becker|E Ortiz,"Face recognition is becoming a widely used technique to organize and tag photos. Whether
+searching, viewing, or organizing photos on the web or in personal photo albums, there is a
+growing demand to index real-world photos by the subjects in them. Even consumer …",11686211656882738832,30,Evaluating open-universe face identification on the web,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_workshops_2013/W16/papers/Becker_Evaluating_Open-Universe_Face_2013_CVPR_paper.pdf
+416,J Cheney|AK Jain,"A large scale study of the accuracy and efficiency of face detection algorithms on
+unconstrained face imagery is presented. Nine different face detection algorithms are
+studied, which are acquired through either government rights, open source, or commercial …",14999843681127752342,28,Unconstrained face detection: State of the art baseline and challenges,http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Face/CheneyKlienJainKlare_UnconstrainedFaceDetection_ICB15.pdf
+417,YC Wang|B Donyanavard|KTT Cheng,"Abstract The Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) has expanded its role from an accelerator for
+rendering graphics into an efficient parallel processor for general purpose computing. The
+GPU, an indispensable component in desktop and server-class computers as well as game …",10479847363527482581,26,Energy-aware real-time face recognition system on mobile CPU-GPU platform,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.602.4810&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+418,Y Liu|J Yan|W Ouyang,"This paper targets on the problem of set to set recognition, which learns the metric between
+two image sets. Images in each set belong to the same identity. Since images in a set can be
+complementary, they hopefully lead to higher accuracy in practical applications. However …",9870426671476481464,54,[PDF] Quality aware network for set to set recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Liu_Quality_Aware_Network_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+419,,"Manipulating light with optical gratings based on volume Holographic Optical Elements
+(vHOEs), also known as volume Bragg gratings, has the advantage to reconstruct only the
+first diffraction order and hence provide high diffraction efficiencies and angular selectivity. In …",10544874367471536284,25,Bayfol HX photopolymer for full-color transmission volume Bragg gratings,
+420,A Moeini,"In this paper, a novel method for face recognition under pose and expression variations is
+proposed from only a single image in the gallery. A 3D probabilistic facial expression
+recognition generic elastic model is proposed to reconstruct a 3D model from real-world …",34387738462923171,26,Real-world and rapid face recognition toward pose and expression variations via feature library matrix,
+421,L Lin|W Zuo,"Cross-domain visual data matching is one of the fundamental problems in many real-world
+vision tasks, eg, matching persons across ID photos and surveillance videos. Conventional
+approaches to this problem usually involves two steps: i) projecting samples from different …",12981049976356079091,49,Cross-domain visual matching via generalized similarity measure and feature learning,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04039
+422,L Liu|J Deng,"Abstract We introduce Dynamic Deep Neural Networks (D2NN), a new type of feed-forward
+deep neural network that allows selective execution. Given an input, only a subset of D2NN
+neurons are executed, and the particular subset is determined by the D2NN itself. By …",6376874711156851627,25,Dynamic deep neural networks: Optimizing accuracy-efficiency trade-offs by selective execution,https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI18/paper/viewPDFInterstitial/16291/16575
+423,P Martins|JF Henriques,"This work presents a simple and very efficient solution to align facial parts in unseen images.
+Our solution relies on a Point Distribution Model (PDM) face model and a set of discriminant
+local detectors, one for each facial landmark. The patch responses can be embedded into a …",14038405951243776563,26,Discriminative bayesian active shape models,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c813/413fc84be33d7c4ccdd4a1f025ccc73a77bd.pdf
+424,W Li|D Xu|D Tao,"Low rank representation (LRR) has shown promising performance for various computer
+vision applications such as face clustering. Existing algorithms for solving LRR usually
+depend on its two-variable formulation which contains the original data matrix. In this paper …",3710141461954239745,33,FaLRR: A fast low rank representation solver,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Xiao_FaLRR_A_Fast_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+425,A Nech,"Face recognition has the perception of a solved problem, however when tested at the million-
+scale exhibits dramatic variation in accuracies across the different algorithms [11]. Are the
+algorithms very different? Is access to good/big training data their secret weapon? Where …",12932836311624990730,47,[PDF] Level playing field for million scale face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Nech_Level_Playing_Field_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+426,C Otto|D Wang|AK Jain,"Given a large collection of unlabeled face images, we address the problem of clustering
+faces into an unknown number of identities. This problem is of interest in social media, law
+enforcement, and other applications, where the number of faces can be of the order of …",9743611198042490448,44,Clustering millions of faces by identity,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.00989
+427,P Sharma|KV Arya,"This paper presents an efficient face recognition method where enhanced local Gabor
+binary pattern histogram sequence has been used for efficient face feature extraction and
+generalized neural network with wavelet as activation function is being used for …",14108302572765072534,29,Efficient face recognition using wavelet-based generalized neural network,https://lms.ctl.cyut.edu.tw/sysdata/17/36317/doc/1ad3a90eb1d590ad/attach/2266462.pdf
+428,Z Miao|X Jiang,"This paper proposes a novel nonlinear filter, named rank order Laplacian of Gaussian
+(ROLG) filter, based on which a new interest point detector is developed. The ROLG filter is
+a weighted rank order filter. It is used to detect the image local structures where a significant …",15069076642586660211,31,Interest point detection using rank order LoG filter,http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/EXDJiang/PR13-2.pdf
+429,S Saxena|J Verbeek,"Heterogeneous face recognition aims to recognize faces across different sensor modalities.
+Typically, gallery images are normal visible spectrum images, and probe images are
+infrared images or sketches. Recently significant improvements in visible spectrum face …",13232739572848253579,34,Heterogeneous face recognition with CNNs,https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01367455/document
+430,J Sullivan|H Li,"Predicting attributes from face images in the wild is a challenging computer vision problem.
+To automatically describe face attributes from face containing images, traditionally one
+needs to cascade three technical blocks-face localization, facial descriptor construction, and …",1305125998010022069,39,Face attribute prediction using off-the-shelf cnn features,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.03935
+431,GG Chrysos|E Antonakos|P Snape|A Asthana,"Recently, technologies such as face detection, facial landmark localisation and face
+recognition and verification have matured enough to provide effective and efficient solutions
+for imagery captured under arbitrary conditions (referred to as “in-the-wild”). This is partially …",18040213003677960311,37,[HTML] A comprehensive performance evaluation of deformable face tracking “in-the-wild”,https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-017-0999-5
+432,A Tefas|I Pitas,"Visual pattern recognition from images often involves dimensionality reduction as a key step
+to discover a lower dimensional image data representation and obtain a more manageable
+problem. Contrary to what is commonly practiced today in various recognition applications …",4707510867706113559,24,Maximum margin projection subspace learning for visual data analysis,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.671.8593&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+433,R Wang|H Liu|H Jiang|S Shan,"We address the challenging large-scale content-based face image retrieval problem,
+intended as searching images based on the presence of specific subject, given one face
+image of him/her. To this end, one natural demand is a supervised binary code learning …",13821043325332428975,33,"Two birds, one stone: Jointly learning binary code for large-scale face image retrieval and attributes prediction",https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Li_Two_Birds_One_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+434,M Dantone|L Bossard|T Quack,"In this paper we present a fully automatic system for face augmentation on mobile devices. A
+user can point his mobile phone to a person and the system recognizes his or her face. A
+tracking algorithm overlays information about the identified person on the screen, thereby …",60863940404419910,27,Augmented faces,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/iccvw/2011/0063/00/06130218.pdf
+435,S Joon Oh|M Fritz|B Schiele,"Users like sharing personal photos with others through social media. At the same time, they
+might want to make automatic identification in such photos difficult or even impossible.
+Classic obfuscation methods such as blurring are not only unpleasant but also not as …",10487721011147678511,24,Adversarial Image Perturbation for Privacy Protection--A Game Theory Perspective,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Oh_Adversarial_Image_Perturbation_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+436,,"This paper proposes a novel eye detection method, which can locate the accurate positions
+of the eyes from frontal face images. The proposed method is robust to pose changes,
+different facial expressions and illumination variations. Initially, it utilizes image …",6305972768246428064,26,Automatic eye detection using intensity filtering and K-means clustering,
+437,AP Coates,"Abstract Machine learning is a key component of state-of-the-art systems in many
+application domains. Applied to many kinds of raw data, however, most learning algorithms
+are unable to make good predictions. In order to succeed, most learning algorithms are …",13865910409762538510,26,[PDF] Demystifying unsupervised feature learning,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59bd/d317abe8d87fb525eb4e3197a9311e2766e7.pdf
+438,R Verschae|J Ruiz-del-Solar|M Correa,"The development of face recognition methods for unconstrained environments is a
+challenging problem. The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative study of existing face
+recognition methods that are suitable to work properly in these environments. The analyzed …",12553469147025349086,25,Face recognition in unconstrained environments: A comparative study,https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00326730/document
+439,X Liu|M Kan|S Shan,"Robust face representation is imperative to highly accurate face recognition. In this work, we
+propose an open source face recognition method with deep representation named as
+VIPLFaceNet, which is a 10-layer deep convolutional neural network with seven …",17944854307301301583,35,VIPLFaceNet: an open source deep face recognition SDK,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03892
+440,Y Yan|H Wang|D Suter,"In this paper, we propose an effective feature extraction algorithm, called Multi-Subregion
+based Correlation Filter Bank (MS-CFB), for robust face recognition. MS-CFB combines the
+benefits of global-based and local-based feature extraction algorithms, where multiple …",14623948494208583866,29,Multi-subregion based correlation filter bank for robust face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07604
+441,S Li|A Sinha|G Barbastathis,"Computational imaging through scatter generally is accomplished by first characterizing the
+scattering medium so that its forward operator is obtained and then imposing additional
+priors in the form of regularizers on the reconstruction functional to improve the condition of …",16298506073523911431,24,Imaging through glass diffusers using densely connected convolutional networks,https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=optica-5-7-803&seq=0
+442,S Sankaranarayanan|A Alavi|R Chellappa,"In this work, we present an unconstrained face verification algorithm and evaluate it on the
+recently released IJB-A dataset that aims to push the boundaries of face verification
+methods. The proposed algorithm couples a deep CNN-based approach with a low …",7715843574384349313,38,Triplet similarity embedding for face verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.03418
+443,S Yang|P Luo|CC Loy|X Tang,"We propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for face detection leveraging on
+facial attributes based supervision. We observe a phenomenon that part detectors emerge
+within CNN trained to classify attributes from uncropped face images, without any explicit …",1887069484960836013,24,Faceness-net: Face detection through deep facial part responses,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.08393
+444,HT Ho|R Gopalan,"Many classification algorithms see a reduction in performance when tested on data with
+properties different from that used for training. This problem arises very naturally in face
+recognition where images corresponding to the source domain (gallery, training data) and …",1185159171864968934,27,Model-driven domain adaptation on product manifolds for unconstrained face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.642.170&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+445,C Zhang|Z Zhang,"Face detection, because of its vast array of applications, is one of the most active research
+areas in computer vision. In this book, we review various approaches to face detection
+developed in the past decade, with more emphasis on boosting-based learning algorithms …",7407712550722566346,23,Boosting-based face detection and adaptation,
+446,JZ Leibo|T Poggio,"Unconstrained face recognition remains a challenging computer vision problem despite
+recent exceptionally high results (∼ 95% accuracy) on the current gold standard evaluation
+dataset: Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW)(Huang et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2013). We offer a …",1237088394768625634,27,Subtasks of unconstrained face recognition,https://dspace.mit.edu/openaccess-disseminate/1721.1/102486
+447,Q Cao|L Shen|W Xie|OM Parkhi,"In this paper, we introduce a new large-scale face dataset named VGGFace2. The dataset
+contains 3.31 million images of 9131 subjects, with an average of 362.6 images for each
+subject. Images are downloaded from Google Image Search and have large variations in …",17598700583298216808,112,Vggface2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and age,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.08092
+448,K Macnish,"In this paper I critique the ethical implications of automating CCTV surveillance. I consider
+three modes of CCTV with respect to automation: manual (or non-automated), fully
+automated, and partially automated. In each of these I examine concerns posed by …",17597392701821181372,28,Unblinking eyes: the ethics of automating surveillance,http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/80502/7/Unblinking%20Eyes%20-%20The%20Ethics%20of%20Automating%20Surveillance%20-%20Draft_with_coversheet.pdf
+449,P Rai|P Khanna,"Recognizing gender of a person from occluded face image is a recent challenge in gender
+classification research. This work investigates the issue and proposes a gender
+classification system that works for non-occluded face images to face images occluded up to …",4579754682159760165,26,A gender classification system robust to occlusion using Gabor features based (2D) 2PCA,
+450,S Setty|M Husain,"Recognizing human faces in the wild is emerging as a critically important, and technically
+challenging computer vision problem. With a few notable exceptions, most previous works in
+the last several decades have focused on recognizing faces captured in a laboratory setting …",10194316221634175118,34,Indian movie face database: a benchmark for face recognition under wide variations,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.461.2333&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+451,M Liu|BC Vemuri,"A proper distance metric is fundamental in many computer vision and pattern recognition
+applications such as classification, image retrieval, face recognition and so on. However, it is
+usually not clear what metric is appropriate for specific applications, therefore it becomes …",2273661796473488999,26,A robust and efficient doubly regularized metric learning approach,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761969/
+452,SJ Ruan,"Skin color is an important feature for face detection and recognition in color images. In order
+to obtain the possible face regions in color images, the skin color models are always
+constructed by statistical analysis. Owing to low accuracy of the static models, researches …",3450334483500625521,23,Honeycomb model based skin color detector for face detection,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saraju_Mohanty/publication/220171042_Honeycomb_model_based_skin_colour_detector_for_face_detection/links/5578f69708ae75363755ba9c.pdf
+453,C McCool|R Wallace|M McLaren|L El Shafey,"This study examines session variability modelling for face authentication using Gaussian
+mixture models. Session variability modelling aims to explicitly model and suppress
+detrimental within-class (inter-session) variation. The authors examine two techniques to do …",6085982873399872452,23,Session variability modelling for face authentication,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192745/files/McCool_Idiap-RR-17-2013.pdf
+454,S Honari|J Yosinski|P Vincent,"Deep neural networks with alternating convolutional, max-pooling and decimation layers are
+widely used in state of the art architectures for computer vision. Max-pooling purposefully
+discards precise spatial information in order to create features that are more robust, and …",15999616770055672219,38,Recombinator networks: Learning coarse-to-fine feature aggregation,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Honari_Recombinator_Networks_Learning_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+455,A Yu|K Grauman,"We explore the problem of predicting"" just noticeable differences"" in a visual attribute. While
+some pairs of images have a clear ordering for an attribute (eg, A is more sporty than B), for
+others the difference may be indistinguishable to human observers. However, existing …",3652283520757569020,27,Just noticeable differences in visual attributes,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Yu_Just_Noticeable_Differences_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+456,,"This paper presents a novel and generic approach for metric learning, random ensemble
+metrics (REMetric). To improve generalization performance, we introduce the concept of
+ensemble learning to the metric learning scheme. Unlike previous methods, our method …",2403969573015569298,23,Random ensemble metrics for object recognition,
+457,M Nazir,"Gender classification is a fundamental face analysis task. In previous studies, the focus of
+most researchers has been on face images acquired under controlled conditions. Real-
+world face images contain different illumination effects and variations in facial expressions …",16520776251237615650,23,[HTML] PSO-GA based optimized feature selection using facial and clothing information for gender classification,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665642314716141
+458,C Shen|J Kim|F Liu|L Wang,"Distance metric learning is of fundamental interest in machine learning because the
+employed distance metric can significantly affect the performance of many learning methods.
+Quadratic Mahalanobis metric learning is a popular approach to the problem, but typically …",12128379318708425965,25,Efficient dual approach to distance metric learning,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.3219
+459,M Mehdipour Ghazi,"Deep learning based approaches have been dominating the face recognition field due to
+the significant performance improvement they have provided on the challenging wild
+datasets. These approaches have been extensively tested on such unconstrained datasets …",11702398776207942825,36,A comprehensive analysis of deep learning based representation for face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w4/papers/Ghazi_A_Comprehensive_Analysis_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+460,B Babenko|MH Yang,"Boosting has become a powerful and useful tool in the machine learning and computer
+vision communities in recent years, and many interesting boosting algorithms have been
+developed to solve various challenging problems. In particular, Friedman proposed a …",9502044218350722761,23,A family of online boosting algorithms,http://www.academia.edu/download/30714488/osb_iccv09_cam.pdf
+461,R He|Y Cai|L Davis,"High dimensional dense features have been shown to be useful for face recognition, but
+result in high query time when searching a large-scale face database. Hence binary codes
+are often used to obtain fast query speeds as well as reduce storage requirements …",3292528120064562830,25,Learning predictable binary codes for face indexing,http://ir.ia.ac.cn/bitstream/173211/7901/1/PR_online.pdf
+462,A Jourabloo|X Yin|X Liu,"In this paper, we recognize the need of de-identifying a face image while preserving a large
+set of facial attributes, which has not been explicitly studied before. We verify the underling
+assumption that different visual features are used for identification and attribute …",15911459266379039465,29,[PDF] Attribute preserved face de-identification.,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.710.9624&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+463,L Zheng|C Garcia,"We propose an efficient linear similarity metric learning method for face verification called
+Triangular Similarity Metric Learning (TSML). Compared with relevant state-of-the-art work,
+this method improves the efficiency of learning the cosine similarity while keeping …",5013158603856562208,30,Triangular similarity metric learning for face verification,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01158908/document
+464,Q Liu|J Deng|D Tao,"Localizing facial landmarks is a fundamental step in facial image analysis. However, the
+problem continues to be challenging due to the large variability in expression, illumination,
+pose, and the existence of occlusions in real-world face images. In this paper, we present a …",9085146140285339836,28,Dual sparse constrained cascade regression for robust face alignment,https://jiankangdeng.github.io/resources/paper/Liu_dualsparse_for_TIP_2016_paper.pdf
+465,X Tan|S Chen,"Recent work has shown the advantages of using high level representation such as attribute-
+based descriptors over low-level feature sets in face verification. However, in most work
+each attribute is coded with extremely short information length (eg,“is Male”,“has Beard”) …",17407123054071060055,26,Exploiting relationship between attributes for improved face verification,http://parnec.nuaa.edu.cn/xtan/paper/CVIU14.pdf
+466,R Ranjan,"We propose an approach for age estimation from unconstrained images based on deep
+convolutional neural networks (DCNN). Our method consists of four steps: face detection,
+face alignment, DCNN-based feature extraction and neural network regression for age …",831580516315205740,28,Unconstrained age estimation with deep convolutional neural networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w11/papers/Ranjan_Unconstrained_Age_Estimation_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+467,J van de Wolfshaar|MF Karaaba,"Social behavior and many cultural etiquettes are influenced by gender. There are numerous
+potential applications of automatic face gender recognition such as human-computer
+interaction systems, content based image search, video surveillance and more. The …",18360575111177050928,36,Deep convolutional neural networks and support vector machines for gender recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jos_Van_de_Wolfshaar/publication/282981121_Deep_Convolutional_Neural_Networks_and_Support_Vector_Machines_for_Gender_Recognition/links/5625761c08ae4d9e5c4bb569.pdf
+468,S Joon Oh|R Benenson|M Fritz,"Recognising persons in everyday photos presents major challenges (occluded faces,
+different clothing, locations, etc.) for machine vision. We propose a convnet based person
+recognition system on which we provide an in-depth analysis of informativeness of different …",6335337526402909838,31,Person recognition in personal photo collections,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Oh_Person_Recognition_in_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+469,D Miller|S Seitz,"Recent face recognition experiments on the LFW benchmark show that face recognition is
+performing stunningly well, surpassing human recognition rates. In this paper, we study face
+recognition at scale. Specifically, we have collected from Flickr a\textbf {Million} faces and …",11253175355121772843,31,Megaface: A million faces for recognition at scale,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.02108
+470,U Mahbub|S Sarkar|VM Patel,"In this paper, automated user verification techniques for smartphones are investigated. A
+unique non-commercial dataset, the University of Maryland Active Authentication Dataset 02
+(UMDAA-02) for multi-modal user authentication research is introduced. This paper focuses …",2852381072743650724,39,Active user authentication for smartphones: A challenge data set and benchmark results,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.07930
+471,MT Law|N Thome|M Cord,"This paper introduces a regularization method to explicitly control the rank of a learned
+symmetric positive semidefinite distance matrix in distance metric learning. To this end, we
+propose to incorporate in the objective function a linear regularization term that minimizes …",15599757017663813729,27,Fantope regularization in metric learning,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Law_Fantope_Regularization_in_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+472,G Ozbulak|Y Aytar|HK Ekenel,"Age and gender are complementary soft biometric traits for face recognition. Successful
+estimation of age and gender from facial images taken under real-world conditions can
+contribute improving the identification results in the wild. In this study, in order to achieve …",10465302397919362410,31,How transferable are CNN-based features for age and gender classification?,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.00134
+473,,"Abstract The Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) laser device consists of thousands of
+Metalized Film Capacitors (MFC). The Belief Rule Base (BRB) system has shown privileges
+in reflecting complex system dynamics. However, the BRB system requires the referenced …",5903786957758937033,22,Parameter learning for the belief rule base system in the residual life probability prediction of metalized film capacitor,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/487328/1/1000014462546.pdf
+474,HC Shih,"This study proposed a precise facial feature extraction method to improve the accuracy of
+gender classification under pose and illumination variations. We used the active
+appearance model (AAM) to align the face image. Images were modeled by the patches …",13901344318772011834,24,Robust gender classification using a precise patch histogram,http://www.oz.nthu.edu.tw/~d917904/papers/2013_PPH.pdf
+475,JR Beveridge|DS Bolme|BA Draper,"Recent studies show that face recognition in uncontrolled images remains a challenging
+problem, although the reasons why are less clear. Changes in illumination are one possible
+explanation, even though algorithms developed since the advent of the PIE and Yale B data …",3003880560835426391,21,Quantifying how lighting and focus affect face recognition performance,http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~draper/papers/beveridge_cvprw10.pdf
+476,N Wang|H Ai,"Hair is a very important part of human appearance. Robust and accurate hair segmentation
+is difficult because of challenging variation of hair color and shape. In this paper, we
+propose a novel Compositional Exemplar-based Model (CEM) for hair style segmentation …",1917080992592482406,22,A compositional exemplar-based model for hair segmentation,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.294.6857&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+477,D Wang|SCH Hoi|J Zhu|Y He,"Automated face annotation aims to automatically detect human faces from a photo and
+further name the faces with the corresponding human names. In this paper, we tackle this
+open problem by investigating a search-based face annotation (SBFA) paradigm for mining …",17376339656511015431,24,Learning to name faces: a multimodal learning scheme for search-based face annotation,http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3336&context=sis_research
+478,X Wei|CT Li|Z Lei|D Yi|SZ Li,"Face recognition (FR) systems in real-world applications need to deal with a wide range of
+interferences, such as occlusions and disguises in face images. Compared with other forms
+of interferences such as nonuniform illumination and pose changes, face with occlusions …",16297348987447370488,24,Dynamic image-to-class warping for occluded face recognition,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10206/6953163/06906281.pdf
+479,Z Zhang|Y Xu|L Shao|J Yang,"Existing block-diagonal representation studies mainly focuses on casting block-diagonal
+regularization on training data, while only little attention is dedicated to concurrently learning
+both block-diagonal representations of training and test data. In this paper, we propose a …",1991018409245688327,21,Discriminative block-diagonal representation learning for image recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.03548
+480,X Zhang|Z Fang|Y Wen,"Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved significant improvements on face
+recognition task due to their ability to learn highly discriminative features from tremendous
+amounts of face images. Many large scale face datasets exhibit long-tail distribution where a …",15660489373456412178,42,[PDF] Range loss for deep face recognition with long-tailed training data,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Zhang_Range_Loss_for_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+481,S Liao|D Shen|ACS Chung,"In this paper, we propose a new framework for tackling face recognition problem. The face
+recognition problem is formulated as groupwise deformable image registration and feature
+matching problem. The main contributions of the proposed method lie in the following …",16535688461627700194,22,A Markov random field groupwise registration framework for face recognition,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262139/
+482,M Castrillón-Santana|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"In this paper, we focus on gender recognition in challenging large scale scenarios. Firstly,
+we review the literature results achieved for the problem in large datasets, and select the
+currently hardest dataset: The Images of Groups. Secondly, we study the extraction of …",12519719883366539530,23,Improving gender classification accuracy in the wild,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-41827-3_34.pdf
+483,Z Lei|D Yi|SZ Li,"Learning-based face descriptors have constantly improved the face recognition
+performance. Compared with the hand-crafted features, learning-based features are
+considered to be able to exploit information with better discriminative ability for specific …",14481603752494307714,28,Learning stacked image descriptor for face recognition,http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/users/zlei/papers/ZLEI-DDFL-TCSVT-2016.pdf
+484,T Hassner|I Masi|J Choi|S Harel,"We propose a novel approach to template based face recognition. Our dual goal is to both
+increase recognition accuracy and reduce the computational and storage costs of template
+matching. To do this, we leverage on an approach which was proven effective in many other …",3015443069892136820,30,Pooling faces: template based face recognition with pooled face images,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w4/papers/Hassner_Pooling_Faces_Template_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+485,G Riegler|D Ferstl|H Bischof,"Head pose estimation and facial feature localization are keys to advanced human computer
+interaction systems and human behavior analysis. Due to their relevance, both tasks have gained
+a lot of attention in the com- puter vision community. Recent state-of-the-art methods like [1 …",4957814400035829523,27,[PDF] Hough networks for head pose estimation and facial feature localization,http://www.bmva.org/bmvc/2014/files/abstract039.pdf
+486,Z Li|D Gong|X Li|D Tao,"Dense feature extraction is becoming increasingly popular in face recognition tasks.
+Systems based on this approach have demonstrated impressive performance in a range of
+challenging scenarios. However, improvements in discriminative power come at a …",8306334104168013126,22,Learning compact feature descriptor and adaptive matching framework for face recognition,https://cise.ufl.edu/~dihong/assets/07094272.pdf
+487,H Guo|R Wang|J Choi,"We propose a face verification framework using sparse representations that integrates two
+ways of employing sparsity. Given an image pair (A, B) and a dictionary D, for image A (B),
+we generate two sparse codes, one by using the original dictionary and the other by adding …",5483569962514463819,23,[PDF] Face verification using sparse representations,http://legacydirs.umiacs.umd.edu/~jhchoi/paper/cvprw2012_sfv.pdf
+488,BM Smith|L Zhang,"In this paper we make the first effort, to the best of our knowledge, to combine multiple face
+landmark datasets with different landmark definitions into a super dataset, with a union of all
+landmark types computed in each image as output. Our approach is flexible, and our system …",10474537469452328236,21,Collaborative facial landmark localization for transferring annotations across datasets,http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~lizhang/projects/collab-face-landmarks/SmithECCV2014.pdf
+489,B Bhattarai|G Sharma|F Jurie|P Pérez,"This paper presents a novel method for hierarchically organizing large face databases, with
+application to efficient identity-based face retrieval. The method relies on metric learning
+with local binary pattern (LBP) features. On one hand, LBP features have proved to be highly …",7912148659523770550,20,Some faces are more equal than others: Hierarchical organization for accurate and efficient large-scale identity-based face retrieval,https://hal.inria.fr/docs/01/06/15/88/PDF/hfaces-lbp14.pdf
+490,N Wang|H Ai|F Tang,"Hair plays an important role in human appearance. However, hair segmentation is still a
+challenging problem partially due to the lack of an effective model to handle its arbitrary
+shape variations. In this paper, we present a part-based model robust to hair shape and …",2220575659757786263,23,What are good parts for hair shape modeling?,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.478.5247&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+491,R Gopalan|VM Patel,"Abstract Domain adaptation is an active, emerging research area that attempts to address
+the changes in data distribution across training and testing datasets. With the availability of a
+multitude of image acquisition sensors, variations due to illumination, and viewpoint among …",12647215138600242085,25,Domain adaptation for visual recognition,http://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/CGV-057
+492,TE Potok|C Schuman|S Young|R Patton,"Current deep learning approaches have been very successful using convolutional neural
+networks trained on large graphical-processing-unit-based computers. Three limitations of
+this approach are that (1) they are based on a simple layered network topology, ie, highly …",16119278122456650048,20,"A Study of Complex Deep Learning Networks on High-Performance, Neuromorphic, and Quantum Computers",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.05364
+493,H Zhang|Z Niu|M Wang,"Along with the long-time evolution of popular social networks, eg Facebook, the social
+media analysis research inevitably comes to the era to consider face/user recognition with
+large age gaps. However, related research with adequate subjects and large age gaps is …",13748772570777795,28,Deep Aging Face Verification With Large Gaps.,
+494,P Tome|R Vera-Rodriguez|J Fierrez,"This paper proposes a functional feature-based approach useful for real forensic caseworks,
+based on the shape, orientation and size of facial traits, which can be considered as a soft
+biometric approach. The motivation of this work is to provide a set of facial features, which …",3023380426018641298,23,Facial soft biometric features for forensic face recognition,https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/674267/facial_tome_2015_FSI_ps.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
+495,F Juefei-Xu|M Savvides,"In this work, we have proposed a learning paradigm for obtaining weight-optimal local
+binary patterns (WoLBP). We first re-formulate the LBP problem into matrix multiplication
+with all the bitmaps flattened and then resort to the Fisher ratio criterion for obtaining the …",6280422824400961777,20,Weight-optimal local binary patterns,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2563/b2adba98788a217565ba5a648f83cb75eeeb.pdf
+496,,"Recent studies demonstrate that machine learning algorithms can discriminate based on
+classes like race and gender. In this work, we present an approach to evaluate bias present
+in automated facial analysis algorithms and datasets with respect to phenotypic subgroups …",14954608238029559254,113,Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification,http://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a/buolamwini18a.pdf
+497,R Weng|J Lu|YP Tan,"Over the past three decades, a number of face recognition methods have been proposed in
+computer vision, and most of them use holistic face images for person identification. In many
+real-world scenarios especially some unconstrained environments, human faces might be …",18082762876912670790,30,Robust point set matching for partial face recognition,
+498,,"The accurate localization of facial features plays a fundamental role in any face recognition
+pipeline. Constrained local models (CLM) provide an effective approach to localization by
+coupling ensembles of local patch detectors for non-rigid object alignment. A recent …",2961455965876271401,21,Convexity and bayesian constrained local models,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ulrich_Paquet/publication/221361773_Convexity_and_Bayesian_constrained_local_models/links/00b7d51c87309a487b000000/Convexity-and-Bayesian-constrained-local-models.pdf
+499,R Singh|M Vatsa,"Automatic face recognition, required in law enforcement applications such as surveillance,
+border security and forensic investigation, is a process in which an individual is identified or
+verified based on facial characteristics. Researchers have proposed several algorithms that …",7959769786669080572,23,[PDF] Recognizing face images with disguise variations,https://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/5898
+500,Z Zheng|H Liu|J Yang,"In this paper, we consider the issue of computing low rank (LR) recovery of matrices with
+sparse errors. Based on the success of low rank matrix recovery in statistical learning,
+computer vision and signal processing, a novel low rank matrix recovery algorithm with …",7349155077662757311,21,Fisher discrimination based low rank matrix recovery for face recognition,
+501,D Yi|Z Lei|SZ Li,"Eye localization is an important part in face recognition system, because its precision closely
+affects the performance of face recognition. Although various methods have already
+achieved high precision on the face images with high quality, their precision will drop on low …",873514327228528138,22,A robust eye localization method for low quality face images,http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/users/dyi/EyeLocalization.files/eye_localization_2.pdf
+502,D Oneata|M Douze|J Revaud,"The AXES project participated in the interactive instance search task (INS), the known-item
+search task (KIS), and the multimedia event detection task (MED) for TRECVid 2012. As in
+our TRECVid 2011 system, we used nearly identical search systems and user interfaces for …",15933636414251385805,21,"Axes at trecvid 2012: Kis, ins, and med",https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00746874/document
+503,R Liu,"Face attributes are interesting due to their detailed description of human faces. Unlike prior
+researches working on attribute prediction, we address an inverse and more challenging
+problem called face attribute manipulation which aims at modifying a face image according …",15095360696172031357,54,[PDF] Learning residual images for face attribute manipulation,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Shen_Learning_Residual_Images_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+504,L Du|H Ling,"In this paper we present a novel framework for cross-age face verification (FV) by seeking
+help from its``competitor"" named cross-face age verification (AV), ie, deciding whether two
+face photos are taken at similar ages. While FV and AV share some common features, FV …",9410115527848341655,23,Cross-age face verification by coordinating with cross-face age verification,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Du_Cross-Age_Face_Verification_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+505,SA Osia|AS Shamsabadi|A Taheri|K Katevas,"Deep Neural Networks are increasingly being used in a variety of machine learning
+applications applied to user data on the cloud. However, this approach introduces a number
+of privacy and efficiency challenges, as the cloud operator can perform secondary …",5632468083565544795,31,A hybrid deep learning architecture for privacy-preserving mobile analytics,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.02952
+506,H Guo|WR Schwartz|LS Davis,"We present a method for face verification that combines Partial Least Squares (PLS) and the
+One-Shot similarity model [28]. First, a large feature set combining shape, texture and color
+information is used to describe a face. Then PLS is applied to reduce the dimensionality of …",12288273022800851555,20,Face verification using large feature sets and one shot similarity,http://homepages.dcc.ufmg.br/~william/papers/paper_2011_IJCB_Faces.pdf
+507,A Fernández|R García|R Usamentiaga,"Automatic glasses detection on real face images is a challenging problem due to different
+appearance variations. Nevertheless, glasses detection on face images has not been
+thoroughly investigated. In this paper, an innovative algorithm for automatic glasses …",18075238985957438434,19,Glasses detection on real images based on robust alignment,https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/bitstream/123456789/6241/1/Archivo.pdf
+508,U Mahbub|VM Patel|D Chandra,"In this paper, a part-based technique for real time detection of users' faces on mobile
+devices is proposed. This method is specifically designed for detecting partially cropped and
+occluded faces captured using a smartphone's front-facing camera for continuous …",2572497893394423756,29,Partial face detection for continuous authentication,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.09364
+509,G Toderici|G Evangelopoulos,"Performance boosts in face recognition have been facilitated by the formation of facial
+databases, with collection protocols customized to address challenges such as light
+variability, expressions, pose, sensor/modality differences, and, more recently, uncontrolled …",6184179044803318891,19,UHDB11 database for 3D-2D face recognition,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-53842-1_7.pdf
+510,X Zhao,"Faces in the wild are usually captured with various poses, illuminations and occlusions, and
+thus inherently multimodally distributed in many tasks. We propose a conditional
+Convolutional Neural Network, named as c-CNN, to handle multimodal face recognition …",10363004042890465294,28,Conditional convolutional neural network for modality-aware face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Xiong_Conditional_Convolutional_Neural_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+511,L Zhang,"We study in this paper the problem of one-shot face recognition, with the goal to build a
+large-scale face recognizer capable of recognizing a substantial number of persons. Given
+that for face recognition one can leverage a large-scale dataset to learn good face …",17346991169731825551,28,One-shot face recognition by promoting underrepresented classes,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.05574
+512,J Chung|D Lee|Y Seo|CD Yoo,"Obtaining compact and discriminative features is one of the major challenges in many of the
+real-world image classification tasks such as face verification and object recognition. One
+possible approach is to represent input image on the basis of high-level features that carry …",3594035700806047280,22,[PDF] Deep attribute networks,http://www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~jbergstr/files/nips_dl_2012/Paper%2011.pdf
+513,L Zhang|K Mistry|SC Neoh,"Automatic perception of facial expressions with scaling differences, pose variations and
+occlusions would greatly enhance natural human robot interaction. This research proposes
+unsupervised automatic facial point detection integrated with regression-based intensity …",17490669624595821261,26,Adaptive facial point detection and emotion recognition for a humanoid robot,
+514,M Günther|A Rozsa|TE Boult,"Facial attributes are soft-biometrics that allow limiting the search space, eg, by rejecting
+identities with non-matching facial characteristics such as nose sizes or eyebrow shapes. In
+this paper, we investigate how the latest versions of deep convolutional neural networks …",16142126833791968333,19,AFFACT: Alignment-free facial attribute classification technique,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.06158
+515,ZH Huang,"In this paper, we propose a method for face recognition by using the two-dimensional
+discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) and a new patch strategy. Based on the average
+image of all training samples, by using integral projection technique for two top-level's high …",14785201581059663418,23,Non-uniform patch based face recognition via 2D-DWT,
+516,J Lu|G Wang,"In this paper, we propose a new multiview discriminative learning (MDL) method for age-
+invariant face recognition, which is a challenging and important problem in many practical
+face recognition systems. Motivated by the fact that local appearance features are more …",2525300181830752386,23,Multiview discriminative learning for age-invariant face recognition,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/fg/2013/5545/00/06553724.pdf
+517,Z Ding,"Metric learning has attracted increasing attentions recently, because of its promising
+performance in many visual analysis applications. General supervised metric learning
+methods are designed to learn a discriminative metric that can pull all the within-class data …",16423359348120582866,26,Discriminative low-rank metric learning for face recognition,
+518,E Ramón-Balmaseda|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"In this paper, we address the challenge of gender classification using large databases of
+images with two goals. The first objective is to evaluate whether the error rate decreases
+compared to smaller databases. The second goal is to determine if the classifier that …",2263318400548109880,19,Gender classification in large databases,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/35e4/b6c20756cd6388a3c0012b58acee14ffa604.pdf
+519,F Conti|A Pullini|L Benini,"Brain-inspired computer vision (BICV) has evolved rapidly in recent years and it is now
+competitive with traditional CV approaches. However, most of BICV algorithms have been
+developed on high power-and-performance platforms (eg workstations) or special purpose …",450143114708435161,21,Brain-inspired classroom occupancy monitoring on a low-power mobile platform,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_workshops_2014/W17/papers/Conti_Brain-inspired_Classroom_Occupancy_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+520,M Castrillón-Santana|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"Gender information may serve to automatically modulate interaction to the user needs,
+among other applications. Within the Computer Vision community, gender classification
+(GC) has mainly been accomplished with the facial pattern. Periocular biometrics has …",12176491212053682337,22,On using periocular biometric for gender classification in the wild,https://sudocument.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/16239/10/J017_PRL16_preprint.pdf
+521,WY Yau,"Most face recognition systems require faces to be detected and localized a priori. In this
+paper, an approach to simultaneously detect and localize multiple faces having arbitrary
+views and different scales is proposed. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction …",8358903887618783121,19,Multiview face detection and registration requiring minimal manual intervention,http://oar.a-star.edu.sg/jspui/bitstream/123456789/151/3/Main_Hassan_oct12__WY-v2%2BMR-final.pdf
+522,F Juefei-Xu|M Savvides,"Linear subspace learning methods such as Fisher׳ s Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA),
+Unsupervised Discriminant Projection (UDP), and Locality Preserving Projections (LPP)
+have been widely used in face recognition applications as a tool to capture low dimensional …",8211637989286468422,21,Multi-class Fukunaga Koontz discriminant analysis for enhanced face recognition,http://www.xujuefei.com/felix_pr16_fkda.pdf
+523,H Ren,"We propose a gender classifier using two types of local features, the gradient features which
+have strong discrimination capability on local patterns, and the Gabor wavelets which reflect
+the multi-scale directional information. The Real Ad a Boost algorithm with complexity …",14971999530725104628,20,Gender recognition using complexity-aware local features,
+524,H Roy|D Bhattacharjee,"This paper proposes a novel method called local-gravity-face (LG-face) for illumination-
+invariant and heterogeneous face recognition (HFR). LG-face employs a concept called the
+local gravitational force angle (LGFA). The LGFA is the direction of the gravitational force …",13522108911942152794,28,Local-Gravity-Face (LG-face) for Illumination-Invariant and Heterogeneous Face Recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hiranmoy_Roy2/publication/294277952_Local-Gravity-Face_LG-face_for_Illumination-Invariant_and_Heterogeneous_Face_Recognition/links/5a003ff30f7e9bb898dd3ba7/Local-Gravity-Face-LG-face-for-Illumination-Invariant-and-Heterogeneous-Face-Recognition.pdf
+525,A Dhall|A Asthana|R Goecke,"With simple cost effective imaging solutions being widely available these days, there has
+been an enormous rise in the number of images consumers have been taking. Due to this
+increase, searching, browsing and managing images in multi-media systems has become …",14114236880844069023,21,Facial expression based automatic album creation,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/79db/191ca1268dc88271abef3179c4fe4ee92aed.pdf
+526,THN Le|M Savvides,"In this paper, we propose a novel joint formulation of feature-based active contour (FAC) and
+prior shape constraints (CS) for lips/mouth segmentation in the wild. Our proposed SC-FAC
+model is able to robustly segment the lips/mouth that belongs to a given mouth shape space …",12726492175890455528,19,A novel shape constrained feature-based active contour model for lips/mouth segmentation in the wild,https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/thihoanl/paper/LIP_PR2017.pdf
+527,X Peng|X Yu|K Sohn|DN Metaxas,"Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained on large-scale datasets have recently achieved
+impressive improvements in face recognition. But a persistent challenge remains to develop
+methods capable of handling large pose variations that are relatively under-represented in …",16802884321304536484,29,[PDF] Reconstruction-based disentanglement for pose-invariant face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Peng_Reconstruction-Based_Disentanglement_for_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+528,N Le Roux|J Winn,"We propose an extension of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) that allows the joint
+shape and appearance of foreground objects in cluttered images to be modeled
+independently of the background. We present a learning scheme that learns this …",5102619960896055382,19,Weakly supervised learning of foreground-background segmentation using masked RBMs,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.3823
+529,A Dhall|R Goecke|S Lucey,"Quality data recorded in varied realistic environments is vital for effective human face related
+research. Currently available datasets for human facial expression analysis have been
+generated in highly controlled lab environments. We present a new dynamic 2D facial …",16898554340095995125,19,[PDF] Acted facial expressions in the wild database,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roland_Goecke/publication/229049764_Acted_Facial_Expressions_In_The_Wild_Database/links/0912f5008023daa150000000.pdf
+530,P Bodesheim|A Freytag|E Rodner,"In this paper, we propose using local learning for multiclass novelty detection, a framework
+that we call local novelty detection. Estimating the novelty of a new sample is an extremely
+challenging task due to the large variability of known object categories. The features used to …",6934060334546641217,22,Local novelty detection in multi-class recognition problems,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.4595&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+531,J Tang|Y Song,"Many real-world face recognition applications can only provide single sample for each
+person, while most face recognition approaches require a large set of training samples,
+which leads to single sample per person (SSPP) problem. In this paper, we propose local …",6521599232073334353,25,Local structure based multi-phase collaborative representation for face recognition with single sample per person,
+532,A Majumdar|R Singh|M Vatsa,"Autoencoders are deep learning architectures that learn feature representation by
+minimizing the reconstruction error. Using an autoencoder as baseline, this paper presents
+a novel formulation for a class sparsity based supervised encoder, termed as CSSE. We …",15567445638209476812,26,Face verification via class sparsity based supervised encoding,
+533,L Cheng,"We consider a similarity-score based paradigm to address scenarios where either the class
+labels are only partially revealed during learning, or the training and testing data are drawn
+from heterogeneous sources. The learning problem is subsequently formulated as …",7528529916203425829,20,[PDF] Riemannian similarity learning,http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/cheng13.pdf
+534,T Lansdall-Welfare,"When analysing human activities using data mining or machine learning techniques, it can
+be useful to infer properties such as the gender or age of the people involved. This paper
+focuses on the sub-problem of gender recognition, which has been studied extensively in …",6097361957717374277,17,Gender classification by deep learning on millions of weakly labelled images,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/icdmw/2016/5910/00/07836703.pdf
+535,B Bhattarai|G Sharma|F Jurie,"We propose a novel Coupled Projection multi-task Met-ric Learning (CP-mtML) method for
+large scale face re-trieval. In contrast to previous works which were limited to low
+dimensional features and small datasets, the proposed method scales to large datasets with …",3932641171585432189,23,Cp-mtml: Coupled projection multi-task metric learning for large scale face retrieval,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Bhattarai_CP-mtML_Coupled_Projection_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+536,L Lenc|P Král,"The main goal of this paper is to propose and implement an experimental fully automatic
+face recognition system which will be used to annotate photographs during insertion into a
+database. Its main strength is to successfully process photos of a great number of different …",11119663089209060898,27,Automatic face recognition system based on the SIFT features,
+537,A Kumar,"Accurate biometric identification under real environments is one of the most critical and
+challenging tasks to meet growing demand for higher security. This paper proposes a new
+framework to efficiently and accurately match periocular images that are automatically …",2781858316312793079,28,Accurate periocular recognition under less constrained environment using semantics-assisted convolutional neural network,http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csajaykr/myhome/papers/TIFS2017.pdf
+538,Y Wexler,"This work is motivated by the engineering task of achieving a near state-of-the-art face
+recognition on a minimal computing budget running on an embedded system. Our main
+technical contribution centers around a novel training method, called Multibatch, for …",14185572408448395238,24,Learning a metric embedding for face recognition using the multibatch method,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.07270
+539,AV Savchenko,"An exhaustive search of all classes in pattern recognition methods cannot be implemented
+in real-time, if the database contains a large number of classes. In this paper we introduce a
+novel probabilistic approximate nearest-neighbor (NN) method. Despite the most of known …",2112177670206599403,17,Maximum-likelihood approximate nearest neighbor method in real-time image recognition,
+540,J Roth|X Liu|A Ross|D Metaxas,"The goal of this paper is to determine whether keystroke sound can be used to recognize a
+user. In this regard, we analyze the discriminative power of keystroke sound in the context of
+a continuous user authentication application. Motivated by the concept of digraphs used in …",7958849928395113646,18,Investigating the discriminative power of keystroke sound,http://www.cse.msu.edu/~rossarun/pubs/RothLiuRossMetaxasKeystrokeAcoustics_TIFS2015.pdf
+541,J Ren|X Jiang|J Yuan,"Local binary pattern (LBP) and its variants have been widely used in many recognition tasks.
+Subspace approaches are often applied to the LBP feature in order to remove unreliable
+dimensions, or to derive a compact feature representation. It is well-known that subspace …",7395546078260613761,20,A chi-squared-transformed subspace of LBP histogram for visual recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jianfeng_Ren5/publication/273463074_A_Chi-Squared-Transformed_Subspace_of_LBP_Histogram_for_Visual_Recognition/links/5a178aff0f7e9be37f958fc1/A-Chi-Squared-Transformed-Subspace-of-LBP-Histogram-for-Visual-Recognition.pdf
+542,F Zhao|J Feng|J Zhao|W Yang,"Face recognition techniques have been developed significantly in recent years. However,
+recognizing faces with partial occlusion is still challenging for existing face recognizers,
+which is heavily desired in real-world applications concerning surveillance and security …",6798939528678318263,17,Robust lstm-autoencoders for face de-occlusion in the wild,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08534
+543,X Zhao|S Yan,"Part-based methods have seen popular applications for face verification in the wild, since
+they are more robust to local variations in terms of pose, illumination, and so on. However,
+most of the part-based approaches are built on hand-crafted features, which may not be …",13639614845388275300,18,Convolutional fusion network for face verification in the wild,https://labicvl.github.io/docs/pubs/Chao_TCSVT_2016.pdf
+544,,"Various human behaviors can be indicated by eye blink patterns. In this paper, we present a
+method based on image processing techniques for detecting human eye blinks and
+generating inter-eye-blink intervals. We applied Haar Cascade Classifier and Camshift …",14683864005473688839,19,[PDF] A method for real-time eye blink detection and its application,https://cpe.ku.ac.th/~jeab/papers/chinnawat_JCSSE2009.pdf
+545,JP Robinson|M Shao|Y Wu|Y Fu,"We present the largest kinship recognition dataset to date, Families in the Wild (FIW).
+Motivated by the lack of a single, unified dataset for kinship recognition, we aim to provide a
+dataset that captivates the interest of the research community. With only a small team, we …",16748038516459692587,28,Families in the wild (fiw): Large-scale kinship image database and benchmarks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02182
+546,CB Ng|YH Tay|BM Goi,"Applications such as human–computer interaction, surveillance, biometrics and intelligent
+marketing would benefit greatly from knowledge of the attributes of the human subjects
+under scrutiny. The gender of a person is one such significant demographic attribute. This …",9080025088619147111,21,A review of facial gender recognition,
+547,W Wang|J Yang,"As one of the non-contact biometrics, face representation had been widely used in many
+circumstances. However conventional methods could no longer satisfy the demand at
+present, due to its low recognition accuracy and restrictions of many occasions. In this paper …",9908858269569098115,24,Face recognition based on deep learning,
+548,A Bas|WAP Smith|T Bolkart|S Wuhrer,"In this paper we explore the problem of fitting a 3D morphable model to single face images
+using only sparse geometric features (edges and landmark points). Previous approaches to
+this problem are based on nonlinear optimisation of an edge-derived cost that can be …",8099566063400838385,27,Fitting a 3D morphable model to edges: A comparison between hard and soft correspondences,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.01125
+549,J Neves|F Narducci|S Barra|H Proença,"Interest in the security of individuals has increased in recent years. This increase has in turn
+led to much wider deployment of surveillance cameras worldwide, and consequently,
+automated surveillance systems research has received more attention from the scientific …",6040114380391450473,24,Biometric recognition in surveillance scenarios: a survey,http://www.di.ubi.pt/~hugomcp/doc/BiometricsSurveillance_Survey.pdf
+550,B Ni|AA Kassim,"The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has achieved great success in image
+classification. The classification model can also be utilized at image or patch level for many
+other applications, such as object detection and segmentation. In this paper, we propose a …",7390321595778995471,18,Half-CNN: a general framework for whole-image regression,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.6885
+551,S Zafeiriou|A Papaioannou|I Kotsia,"Well-established benchmarks have been developed in the past 20 years for automatic facial
+behaviour analysis. Nevertheless, for some important problems regarding analysis of facial
+behaviour, such as (a) estimation of affect in a continuous dimensional space (eg, valence …",3200484001125586893,19,Facial Affect``In-The-Wild,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w28/papers/Zafeiriou_Facial_Affect_In-The-Wild_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+552,R McPherson|R Shokri,"We demonstrate that modern image recognition methods based on artificial neural networks
+can recover hidden information from images protected by various forms of obfuscation. The
+obfuscation techniques considered in this paper are mosaicing (also known as pixelation) …",10687407709476928806,24,Defeating image obfuscation with deep learning,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.00408
+553,M Liu|S Li|S Shan|X Chen,"Facial expression recognition is an important task in human-computer interaction. Some
+methods work well on” lab-controlled” data. However, their performances degenerate
+dramatically on real-world data as expression covers large variations, including pose …",16265914780954702381,20,Enhancing expression recognition in the wild with unlabeled reference data,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/061e/29eae705f318eee703b9e17dc0989547ba0c.pdf
+554,C Shan,"Gender recognition is one of fundamental tasks of face image analysis. Most of the existing
+studies have focused on face images acquired under controlled conditions. However, real-
+world applications require gender classification on real-life faces, which is much more …",18442593745075879312,16,Gender classification on real-life faces,
+555,X Jia|H Yang|KP Chan|I Patras,"Despite the great success of recent facial landmarks localization approaches, the presence
+of occlusions significantly degrades the performance of the systems. However, very few
+works have addressed this problem explicitly due to the high diversity of occlusion in real …",12480327506742145254,17,[PDF] Structured Semi-supervised Forest for Facial Landmarks Localization with Face Mask Reasoning.,http://www.bmva.org/bmvc/2014/files/paper068.pdf
+556,WJ Scheirer|MJ Wilber|M Eckmann|TE Boult,"Recognition is the fundamental task of visual cognition, yet how to formalize the general
+recognition problem for computer vision remains an open issue. The problem is sometimes
+reduced to the simplest case of recognizing matching pairs, often structured to allow for …",12453573030242849004,17,Good recognition is non-metric,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.4673
+557,P Luo|Z Zhu|Z Liu|X Tang,"The recent advanced face recognition systems were built on large Deep Neural Networks
+(DNNs) or their ensembles, which have millions of parameters. However, the expensive
+computation of DNNs make their deployment difficult on mobile and embedded devices …",1751151910420024298,30,[PDF] Face Model Compression by Distilling Knowledge from Neurons.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI16/paper/download/11977/12130
+558,P Martins|J Batista,"This work presents a novel non-parametric Bayesian formulation for aligning faces in
+unseen images. Popular approaches, such as the Constrained Local Models (CLM) or the
+Active Shape Models (ASM), perform facial alignment through a local search, combining an …",15611861679387802125,20,Non-parametric bayesian constrained local models,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Martins_Non-Parametric_Bayesian_Constrained_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+559,VM Patel,"We present a method to combine the Fisher vector representation and the Deep
+Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) features to generate a rerpesentation, called the
+Fisher vector encoded DCNN (FV-DCNN) features, for unconstrained face verification. One …",12398150673727467858,20,Fisher vector encoded deep convolutional features for unconstrained face verification,
+560,,"Facial gender classification is an area studied in the Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT)
+Still Facial Images Track. While peripheral to automated face recognition, it has become a
+growing area of research, with potential use in various appli cations. The motivation for …",14977512653954619135,22,[BOOK] Face recognition vendor test (FRVT) performance of automated gender classification algorithms,https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2015/NIST.IR.8052.pdf
+561,M Uřičář|V Franc|D Thomas|A Sugimoto,"We propose a real-time multi-view landmark detector based on Deformable Part Models
+(DPM). The detector is composed of a mixture of tree based DPMs, each component
+describing landmark configurations in a specific range of viewing angles. The usage of view …",16707951288333891288,18,Multi-view facial landmark detector learned by the Structured Output SVM,http://www.dgcv.nii.ac.jp/Publications/Papers/2016/ivc2016.pdf
+562,S Chakraborty|SK Singh,"Local descriptors used in face recognition are robust in a sense that these descriptors
+perform well in varying pose, illumination, and lighting conditions. The accuracy of these
+descriptors depends on the precision of mapping the relationship that exists in the local …",1152103702486897368,16,Local gradient hexa pattern: A descriptor for face recognition and retrieval,
+563,SR Arashloo|J Kittler,"We discuss the problem of pose invariant face recognition using a Markov Random Field
+(MRF) model. MRF image to image matching has been shown to be very promising in earlier
+studies (Arashloo and Kittler, 2011)[4]. Its demanding computational complexity has been …",14316860020689943911,17,Fast pose invariant face recognition using super coupled multiresolution Markov random fields on a GPU,
+564,A Tefas|N Nikolaidis,"In this paper a novel method is introduced for propagating person identity labels on facial
+images extracted from stereo videos. It operates on image data with multiple representations
+and calculates a projection matrix that preserves locality information and a priori pairwise …",16508361280979367508,20,Person identity label propagation in stereo videos,http://poseidon.csd.auth.gr/papers/PUBLISHED/JOURNAL/pdf/2014/MM02014.pdf
+565,P Dou|L Zhang|Y Wu|SK Shah,"Despite the great progress achieved in unconstrained face recognition, pose variations still
+remain a challenging and unsolved practical issue. We propose a novel framework for multi-
+view face recognition based on extracting and matching pose-robust face signatures from …",9544910467605619454,16,Pose-robust face signature for multi-view face recognition,http://cbl.uh.edu/pub_files/PF_PRFS_submission_btas2015_v11.pdf
+566,L Shen,"With the aid of a universal facial variation dictionary, sparse representation based classifier
+(SRC) has been naturally extended for face recognition (FR) with single sample per person
+(SSPP) and achieved promising performance. However, extracting discriminative facial …",1893480775877774934,24,Joint and collaborative representation with local adaptive convolution feature for face recognition with single sample per person,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7513/29a409865bb15ed6cef26b27b673357802c2.pdf
+567,J Hu|J Lu|YP Tan,"This paper presents a sharable and individual multi-view metric learning (MvML) approach
+for visual recognition. Unlike conventional metric leaning methods which learn a distance
+metric on either a single type of feature representation or a concatenated representation of …",17624401141706711340,16,Sharable and individual multi-view metric learning,
+568,Z Zhang|Y Xu|L Shao,"In this paper, we aim at learning compact and discriminative linear regression models.
+Linear regression has been widely used in different problems. However, most of the existing
+linear regression methods exploit the conventional zero-one matrix as the regression …",11086573981285604859,29,Discriminative elastic-net regularized linear regression,https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/62129/1/ENLR.pdf
+569,Z Hu|Y Wen|J Wang|M Wang,"Age estimation based on the human face remains a significant problem in computer vision
+and pattern recognition. In order to estimate an accurate age or age group of a facial image,
+most of the existing algorithms require a huge face data set attached with age labels. This …",17721448535429878837,24,Facial age estimation with age difference,
+570,V Mishra|SS Sapatnekar,"Today's methodologies for electromigration (EM) identify EM-susceptible wires based on
+their current density, using the Blech criterion to filter out wires that are EM-immortal. The
+Blech criterion is agnostic to the product lifetime and temperature conditions: many Blech …",13433721215124714259,16,Predicting electromigration mortality under temperature and product lifetime specifications,http://people.ece.umn.edu/~harj../sachin/conf/dac16vm.pdf
+571,M Zollhöfer|A Tewari|J Thies,"We introduce InverseFaceNet, a deep convolutional inverse rendering framework for faces
+that jointly estimates facial pose, shape, expression, reflectance and illumination from a
+single input image in a single shot. By estimating all these parameters from just a single …",15918745883646870692,21,Inversefacenet: Deep single-shot inverse face rendering from a single image,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.10956
+572,ML Smith|LN Smith,"The identification of visual cues in facial images has been widely explored in the broad area
+of computer vision. However theoretical analyses are often not transformed into widespread
+assistive Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) systems, due to factors such as inconsistent …",13923399941603942853,20,Gender and gaze gesture recognition for human-computer interaction,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/28497/3/CVIU_revision_3.pdf
+573,L Lin|Y Shi|X Liang,"Face hallucination is a domain-specific super-resolution problem with the goal to generate
+high-resolution (HR) faces from low-resolution (LR) input images. In contrast to existing
+methods that often learn a single patch-to-patch mapping from LR to HR images and are …",2553223462943257945,43,[PDF] Attention-aware face hallucination via deep reinforcement learning,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Cao_Attention-Aware_Face_Hallucination_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+574,K Nguyen|C Fookes|R Jillela|A Ross,"The term “iris” refers to the highly textured annular portion of the human eye that is externally
+visible. An iris recognition system exploits the richness of these textural patterns to
+distinguish individuals. Iris recognition systems are being used in a number of human …",17600380972063363704,27,Long range iris recognition: A survey,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kien_Nguyen26/publication/317229764_Long_Range_Iris_Recognition_A_Survey/links/59f3ecfcaca272607e2924b6/Long-Range-Iris-Recognition-A-Survey.pdf
+575,CX Ren|Z Lei|SZ Li,"Robust descriptor-based subspace learning with complex data is an active topic in pattern
+analysis and machine intelligence. A few researches concentrate the optimal design on
+feature representation and metric learning. However, traditionally used features of single …",17431697467332501809,21,Enhanced local gradient order features and discriminant analysis for face recognition,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/333815/1/1000014194817.pdf
+576,X Cheng|J Saragih,"Abstract Active Appearance Models (AAMs) employ a paradigm of inverting a synthesis
+model of how an object can vary in terms of shape and appearance. As a result, the ability of
+AAMs to register an unseen object image is intrinsically linked to two factors. First, how well …",5504278484418875480,17,Rank minimization across appearance and shape for aam ensemble fitting,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Cheng_Rank_Minimization_across_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+577,L Leal-Taixé|A Milan|K Schindler|D Cremers,"Standardized benchmarks are crucial for the majority of computer vision applications.
+Although leaderboards and ranking tables should not be over-claimed, benchmarks often
+provide the most objective measure of performance and are therefore important guides for …",14607762457739310154,29,Tracking the trackers: an analysis of the state of the art in multiple object tracking,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.02781
+578,Q Liu|A Puthenputhussery|C Liu,"An innovative inheritable Fisher vector feature (IFVF) method is presented in this paper for
+kinship verification. Specifically, Fisher vector is first derived for each image by aggregating
+the densely sampled SIFT features in the opponent color space. Second, a new inheritable …",13055229486486972751,19,Inheritable fisher vector feature for kinship verification,https://web.njit.edu/~avp38/publications/ifvf_btas15.pdf
+579,ZN Chen|CW Ngo|W Zhang|J Cao,"Associating faces appearing in Web videos with names presented in the surrounding
+context is an important task in many applications. However, the problem is not well
+investigated particularly under large-scale realistic scenario, mainly due to the scarcity of …",5672601912144152772,17,"Name-face association in web videos: A large-scale dataset, baselines, and open issues",http://vireo.cs.cityu.edu.hk/papers/Chen-JCST2014.pdf
+580,L Behera,"This paper presents a novel automatic facial expressions recognition system (AFERS) using
+the deep network framework. The proposed AFERS consists of four steps: 1) geometric
+features extraction; 2) regional local binary pattern (LBP) features extraction; 3) fusion of …",5870407142149724893,15,Automatic facial expression recognition system using deep network-based data fusion,
+581,J Sullivan|H Li,"Predicting facial attributes from faces in the wild is very challenging due to pose and lighting
+variations in the real world. The key to this problem is to build proper feature representations
+to cope with these unfavourable conditions. Given the success of Convolutional Neural …",1703544934043282773,21,Leveraging mid-level deep representations for predicting face attributes in the wild,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.01827
+582,S Lee,"This study treats the problem of coarse head pose estimation from a facial image as a
+multiclass classification problem. Head pose estimation continues to be a challenge for
+computer vision systems because extraneous characteristics and factors that lack pose …",1535469824432354612,16,Head pose estimation using image abstraction and local directional quaternary patterns for multiclass classification,
+583,OK Manyam|N Kumar|P Belhumeur,"Face recognition systems classically recognize people individually. When presented with a
+group photograph containing multiple people, such systems implicitly assume statistical
+independence between each detected face. We question this basic assumption and …",1897461844723342362,18,Two faces are better than one: Face recognition in group photographs,https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt472710b0/qt472710b0.pdf
+584,,"In this paper, a simple and fast algorithm was proposed to detect face. Firstly, some interest
+points marking skin regions were searched by only using simple chrominance Cr
+information instead of simultaneously using chrominance Cr and Cb. And then, a …",12736982001700847490,15,Fast face detection based on skin color segmentation using single chrominance Cr,
+585,S Sankaranarayanan,"We present an algorithm for unconstrained face verification using Fisher vectors computed
+from frontalized off-frontal gallery and probe faces. In the training phase, we use the Labeled
+Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset to learn the Fisher vector encoding and the joint Bayesian …",2080859701543583667,16,Unconstrained face verification using fisher vectors computed from frontalized faces,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/de14/88fde431a61322ea3fbc89a103c79760ca50.pdf
+586,L El Shafey|E Khoury|S Marcel,"The problem of gender recognition using visual and acoustic cues has recently received
+significant attention. This paper explores the use of Total Variability (i-vectors) and Inter-
+Session Variability (ISV) modeling techniques for both unimodal and bimodal gender …",13660217533019007545,16,Audio-visual gender recognition in uncontrolled environment using variability modeling techniques,http://publications.idiap.ch/downloads/papers/2014/ElShafey_IJCB_2014.pdf
+587,G Hu|CH Chan|W Deng|W Christmas,"We address the problem of 3D-assisted 2D face recognition in scenarios when the input
+image is subject to degradations or exhibits intra-personal variations not captured by the 3D
+model. The proposed solution involves a novel approach to learn a subspace spanned by …",17360059141080648291,22,Face recognition using a unified 3d morphable model,https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/74442945/eccv2016submission.pdf
+588,R Jesus|N Correia,"Face annotation is an important concept for personal memories retrieval. Using automatic
+face recognition to annotate and find people in those memories provides an improvement of
+a personal memories management system. However, its results are limited by the …",16957691005784041930,15,Face recognition and gender classification in personal memories,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rui_Jesus/publication/224461228_Face_recognition_and_gender_classification_in_personal_memories/links/02e7e51a78d7a043a8000000/Face-recognition-and-gender-classification-in-personal-memories.pdf
+589,PJ Phillips|MQ Hill,"Face recognition by machines has improved substantially in the past decade and now is at a
+level that compares favorably with humans for frontal faces acquired by digital single lens
+reflex cameras. We expand the comparison between humans and algorithms to still images …",10609099597035468798,19,Human and algorithm performance on the PaSC face recognition challenge,
+590,G Hu|X Peng|Y Yang|TM Hospedales,"Deep convolutional neural networks have recently proven extremely effective for difficult
+face recognition problems in uncontrolled settings. To train such networks, very large
+training sets are needed with millions of labeled images. For some applications, such as …",8843826214168205381,29,Frankenstein: Learning deep face representations using small data,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.06470
+591,D Hall|P Perona,"A method for online, real-time tracking of objects is presented. Tracking is treated as a
+repeated detection problem where potential target objects are identified with a pre-trained
+category detector and object identity across frames is established by individual-specific …",6383546901735777202,15,"Online, real-time tracking using a category-to-individual detector",https://authors.library.caltech.edu/47563/1/ECCV2014_HALL.pdf
+592,T Danisman|IM Bilasco|J Martinet,"In this paper, we propose a novel gender recognition framework based on a fuzzy inference
+system (FIS). Our main objective is to study the gain brought by FIS in presence of various
+visual sensors (eg, hair, mustache, inner face). We use inner and outer facial features to …",3467756152243697079,17,Boosting gender recognition performance with a fuzzy inference system,http://www.cristal.univ-lille.fr/~martinej/papers/2015/danisman15boosting.pdf
+593,Z Xia|L Li,"Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) plays an important role in many fields.
+However, most existing FER techniques are devoted to the tasks in the constrained
+conditions, which are different from actual emotions. To simulate the spontaneous …",16823506401650415097,20,Towards facial expression recognition in the wild: A new database and deep recognition system,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w28/papers/Peng_Towards_Facial_Expression_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+594,J Wang|M Wang|P Li|Z Zhao,"Online selection of dynamic features has attracted intensive interest in recent years.
+However, existing online feature selection methods evaluate features individually and
+ignore the underlying structure of a feature stream. For instance, in image analysis, features …",17187804879270550801,31,Online feature selection with group structure analysis,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.05889
+595,R Shyam|YN Singh,"A biometric system which primarily based on the cues of unimodal biometric for individual
+identification is not always meet the desired results. The concept of multimodal biometrics for
+human Identification is an emerging trend. In this paper, we present state-of-the-art novel …",12077840991839257020,18,Identifying individuals using multimodal face recognition techniques,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915006596/pdf?md5=e0c1f4810ec1d57c99de83f22cd3e543&isDTMRedir=Y&pid=1-s2.0-S1877050915006596-main.pdf&_valck=1
+596,J Zhang|M Kan|S Shan|X Chen,"Facial landmark detection, as a vital topic in computer vision, has been studied for many
+decades and lots of datasets have been collected for evaluation. These datasets usually
+have different annotations, eg, 68-landmark markup for LFPW dataset, while 74-landmark …",18313032662692210069,16,Leveraging datasets with varying annotations for face alignment via deep regression network,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Zhang_Leveraging_Datasets_With_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+597,A Dantcheva|A Ross,"Recent research has demonstrated the negative impact of makeup on automated face
+recognition. In this work, we introduce a patch-based ensemble learning method, which
+uses multiple subspaces generated by sampling patches from before-makeup and after …",16175989977453699572,21,An ensemble of patch-based subspaces for makeup-robust face recognition,http://www.cse.msu.edu/~rossarun/pubs/ChenDantchevaRoss_FaceMakeupINFFUS2016.pdf
+598,R Vemulapalli|DW Jacobs,"Over the past few years, symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices have been receiving
+considerable attention from computer vision community. Though various distance measures
+have been proposed in the past for comparing SPD matrices, the two most widely-used …",1975336901469872082,17,Riemannian metric learning for symmetric positive definite matrices,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.02393
+599,X Fan|H Wang,"Automatic extraction of fiducial facial points is one of the key steps to face tracking,
+recognition and animation. Great facial variations, especially pose or viewpoint changes,
+typically degrade the performance of classical methods. Recent learning or regression …",8041932298200124515,15,Fiducial facial point extraction using a novel projective invariant.,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xin_Fan6/publication/270907365_Fiducial_Facial_Point_Extraction_Using_a_Novel_Projective_Invariant/links/550274e90cf2d60c0e63725b/Fiducial-Facial-Point-Extraction-Using-a-Novel-Projective-Invariant.pdf
+600,D Wang|X Wang|S Kong,"Recent research emphasizes more on analyzing multiple features to improve face
+recognition (FR) performance. One popular scheme is to extend the sparse representation
+based classification framework with various sparse constraints. Although these methods …",13989457208653580856,16,Integration of multi-feature fusion and dictionary learning for face recognition,
+601,EM Hand|R Chellappa,"Attributes, or mid-level semantic features, have gained popularity in the past few years in
+domains ranging from activity recognition to face verification. Improving the accuracy of
+attribute classifiers is an important first step in any application which uses these attributes. In …",5609758117673331298,31,[PDF] Attributes for Improved Attributes: A Multi-Task Network Utilizing Implicit and Explicit Relationships for Facial Attribute Classification.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI17/paper/download/14749/14282
+602,SMM Rahman|D Hatzinakos,"Sparse representation of images using orthogonal two-dimensional Krawtchouk moments
+(2D KCMs) for face recognition is motivated by their ability to capture region-based higher-
+order hidden nonlinear structures from discrete coordinates of finitely supported images and …",14384736822965752601,18,On the selection of 2D Krawtchouk moments for face recognition,
+603,R He|X Wu|Z Sun,"Visual versus near infrared (VIS-NIR) face recognition is still a challenging heterogeneous
+task due to large appearance difference between VIS and NIR modalities. This paper
+presents a deep convolutional network approach that uses only one network to map both …",14441221286523329081,29,[PDF] Learning Invariant Deep Representation for NIR-VIS Face Recognition.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI17/paper/download/14253/14366
+604,M Tistarelli|Y Sun|N Poh,"© 2014 IEEE. Facial imaging has been largely addressed for automatic personal
+identification, in a variety of different environments. However, automatic face recognition
+becomes very challenging whenever the acquisition conditions are unconstrained. In this …",4999786854026147514,16,On the use of discriminative cohort score normalization for unconstrained face recognition,http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812523/1/yunlian_TIFS2014.pdf
+605,,"Fast face detection is one of the key components of various computer vision applications.
+Viola-Jones algorithm provides a good and fast detection for low and medium resolution
+images. This paper proposes a new and fast approach to perform real time face detection …",14182355379022082669,14,[PDF] Fast face detection using graphics processor,http://www.academia.edu/download/6785167/ijcsit2011020328.pdf
+606,,"Tattoos have been used for many years to assist law enforcement in investigations leading
+to the identification of criminals and victims. A tattoo is an elective biometric trait that could
+contain more discriminative information to support person identification than traditional soft …",8524470444626246940,18,Tattoo recognition technology-challenge (Tatt-C): an open tattoo database for developing tattoo recognition research,http://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=917896
+607,L Wolf,"Deep learning techniques are renowned for supporting effective transfer learning. However,
+as we demonstrate, the transferred representations support only a few modes of separation
+and much of its dimensionality is unutilized. In this work we suggest to learn, in the source …",10151461815314088575,17,The multiverse loss for robust transfer learning,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Littwin_The_Multiverse_Loss_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+608,M De Marsico|M Nappi,"In this chapter, the authors discuss the main outcomes from both the most recent literature
+and the research activities summarized in this book. Of course, a complete review is not
+possible. It is evident that each issue related to face recognition in adverse conditions can …",10905503320578556905,15,Face recognition in adverse conditions: A look at achieved advancements,https://www.di.ubi.pt/~hugomcp/doc/IGI_Face.pdf
+609,K Sohn|S Liu|G Zhong|X Yu,"Despite rapid advances in face recognition, there remains a clear gap between the
+performance of still image-based face recognition and video-based face recognition, due to
+the vast difference in visual quality between the domains and the difficulty of curating diverse …",2072282118799204910,21,[PDF] Unsupervised domain adaptation for face recognition in unlabeled videos,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Sohn_Unsupervised_Domain_Adaptation_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+610,Y Wu|SK Shah|IA Kakadiaris,"In spite of recent progress achieved in near-frontal face recognition, the problem of pose
+variations prevalent in 2D facial images captured in the wild still remains a challenging and
+unsolved issue. Among existing approaches of pose-invariant face recognition, 3D-aided …",9950709550955781504,14,Rendering or normalization? An analysis of the 3D-aided pose-invariant face recognition,http://cbl.uh.edu/pub_files/ISBA-2016.pdf
+611,M Castrillón-Santana|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"OpenCV includes different object detectors based on the Viola-Jones framework. Most of
+them are specialized to deal with the frontal face pattern and its inner elements: eyes, nose,
+and mouth. In this paper, we focus on the ear pattern detection, particularly when a head …",13085180639313701688,15,An study on ear detection and its applications to face detection,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Modesto_Castrillon_Santana/publication/221274951_An_Study_on_Ear_Detection_and_Its_Applications_to_Face_Detection/links/57f1099808ae8da3ce4e8505/An-Study-on-Ear-Detection-and-Its-Applications-to-Face-Detection.pdf
+612,A Dhall|R Goecke,"Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), often referred to as autism, are neurological
+disorders characterised by deficits in cognitive skills, social and communicative behaviours.
+A common way of diagnosing ASD is by studying behavioural cues expressed by the …",6027723978117539357,15,Self-stimulatory behaviours in the wild for autism diagnosis,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_workshops_2013/W22/papers/Rajagopalan_Self-Stimulatory_Behaviours_in_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+613,K Kirtac,"Face recognition approaches that are based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN)
+have been dominating the field. The performance improvements they have provided in the
+so called in-the-wild datasets are significant, however, their performance under image …",12343109010716898729,23,How image degradations affect deep cnn-based face recognition?,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.05246
+614,MA Hasnat,"Face recognition (FR) methods report significant performance by adopting the convolutional
+neural network (CNN) based learning methods. Although CNNs are mostly trained by
+optimizing the softmax loss, the recent trend shows an improvement of accuracy with …",10139178231286103373,14,[PDF] DeepVisage: Making face recognition simple yet with powerful generalization skills.,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017_workshops/papers/w23/Hasnat_DeepVisage_Making_Face_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+615,A Freytag|E Rodner|M Simon,"In this paper, we investigate how to predict attributes of chimpanzees such as identity, age,
+age group, and gender. We build on convolutional neural networks, which lead to
+significantly superior results compared with previous state-of-the-art on hand-crafted …",4082217520088614229,20,Chimpanzee faces in the wild: Log-euclidean cnns for predicting identities and attributes of primates,http://hera.inf-cv.uni-jena.de:6680/pdf/Freytag16_CFW.pdf
+616,Y Liu|H Li|X Wang,"Feature matters. How to train a deep network to acquire discriminative features across
+categories and polymerized features within classes has always been at the core of many
+computer vision tasks, specially for large-scale recognition systems where test identities are …",15241546108587692771,26,Rethinking feature discrimination and polymerization for large-scale recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00870
+617,S Han|M Philipose,"Much has been said recently on off-loading computations from the phone. In particular,
+workloads such as speech and visual recognition that involve models based on “big data”
+are thought to be prime candidates for cloud processing. We posit that the next few years will …",13740782951007655700,14,[PDF] The Case for Onloading Continuous High-Datarate Perception to the Phone.,https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/hotos13/hotos13-final44.pdf
+618,Q Wang|W Zuo|L Zhang|P Li,"Conventional pairwise constrained metric learning methods usually restrict the distance
+between samples of a similar pair to be lower than a fixed upper bound, and the distance
+between samples of a dissimilar pair higher than a fixed lower bound. Such fixed bound …",15023555108364982818,17,Shrinkage expansion adaptive metric learning,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e9a4/1f856a474aa346491fe76151869e3f548172.pdf
+619,R Laganiere|WS Lee,"In this paper, we present a complete framework for video-based age and gender
+classification which performs accurately on embedded systems in real-time and under
+unconstrained conditions. We propose a segmental dimensionality reduction technique …",637089704474783168,16,Real-time embedded age and gender classification in unconstrained video,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_workshops_2015/W12/papers/Azarmehr_Real-Time_Embedded_Age_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+620,EJ Crowley|OM Parkhi|A Zisserman,"We study the problem of matching photos of a person to paintings of that person, in order to
+retrieve similar paintings given a query photo. This is challenging as paintings span many
+media (oil, ink, watercolor) and can vary tremendously in style (caricature, pop art …",1822881607450877684,18,[PDF] Face Painting: querying art with photos.,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3552/4e63c11f13fe08b2996a7bc0a9105e7c407b.pdf
+621,J Lezama|Q Qiu|G Sapiro,"Surveillance cameras today often capture NIR (near infrared) images in low-light
+environments. However, most face datasets accessible for training and verification are only
+collected in the VIS (visible light) spectrum. It remains a challenging problem to match NIR to …",7506547143263619277,27,[PDF] Not afraid of the dark: Nir-vis face recognition via cross-spectral hallucination and low-rank embedding,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Lezama_Not_Afraid_of_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+622,颜云辉,"摘要针对当前局部二值模式(Local binary pattern, LBP) 方法表现出的理论和实际应用价值,
+系统综述了在纹理分析和分类, 人脸分析和识别以及其他检测与应用中的各种LBP 方法. 首先,
+简要概述了LBP 方法的原理, 主要分析了LBP 方法中的阈值操作并介绍了统一模式和旋转不 …",7151878142411176964,48,[PDF] 局部二值模式方法研究与展望,http://aas.net.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=18099
+623,MJ Wilber|E Rudd|YM Lui,"When implementing real-world computer vision systems, researchers can use mid-level
+representations as a tool to adjust the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.
+Unfortunately, existing mid-level representations that improve accuracy tend to decrease …",15724333986432524872,16,Exemplar codes for facial attributes and tattoo recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Terrance_Boult/publication/269299904_Exemplar_codes_for_facial_attributes_and_tattoo_recognition/links/5662fa7408ae418a786ba20a/Exemplar-codes-for-facial-attributes-and-tattoo-recognition.pdf
+624,VB Subburaman|SB Marcel,"The sliding window approach is the most widely used technique to detect an object from an
+image. In the past few years, classifiers have been improved in many ways to increase the
+scanning speed. Apart from the classifier design (such as the cascade), the scanning speed …",2516503819709663930,13,Alternative search techniques for face detection using location estimation and binary features,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/192647/files/Subburaman_THESIS_2012.pdf
+625,HJ Hsu|KT Chen,"Drones, as known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), are aircrafts which can perform
+autonomous pilot. They can easily reach locations which are too difficult to reach or
+dangerous for human beings and collect images from bird's-eye view through aerial …",5670973787591946674,19,Face recognition on drones: Issues and limitations,http://dirl.iis.sinica.edu.tw/pub/hsu15_face_on_drones.pdf
+626,P Liu|S Han|Y Tong,"Facial activity is the most direct signal for perceiving emotional states in people. Emotion
+analysis from facial displays has been attracted an increasing attention because of its wide
+applications from human-centered computing to neuropsychiatry. Recently, image …",476298563541419923,13,Improving facial expression analysis using histograms of log-transformed nonnegative sparse representation with a spatial pyramid structure,https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10015079
+627,Y Tai|J Yang|L Luo|J Qian,"A linear regression-based method is a hot topic in face recognition community. Recently,
+sparse representation and collaborative representation-based classifiers for face recognition
+have been proposed and attracted great attention. However, most of the existing regression …",13845051508993836543,17,Face recognition with pose variations and misalignment via orthogonal procrustes regression,
+628,V Santarcangelo|GM Farinella,"Digital Out Of Home (DOOH) applications which exploit computer vision algorithms to
+automatically collect soft biometrics of people in front a smart screen are of great interest for
+industry. In the last years many gender recognition pipelines have been proposed in …",14900149189222184582,16,"Gender recognition: methods, datasets and results",https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Giovanni_Farinella/publication/304534274_Gender_Recognition_Methods_Dataset_and_Results/links/58b1875a45851503be9ae7b3/Gender-Recognition-Methods-Dataset-and-Results.pdf
+629,S Li|X Liu|X Chai,"Due to the misalignment of image features, the performance of many conventional face
+recognition methods degrades considerably in across pose scenario. To address this
+problem, many image matching-based methods are proposed to estimate semantic …",14936362648479867729,16,Maximal likelihood correspondence estimation for face recognition across pose,http://www.jdl.ac.cn/doc/2011/201511617525582501_2014_tip_mlce_published_final_version.pdf
+630,F Wang|J Cheng|W Liu|H Liu,"In this letter, we propose a conceptually simple and intuitive learning objective function, ie,
+additive margin softmax, for face verification. In general, face verification tasks can be
+viewed as metric learning problems, even though lots of face verification models are trained …",12037509454633593474,47,Additive margin softmax for face verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.05599
+631,X Yin|X Liu,"Among many applications of machine vision, plant image analysis has recently began to
+gain more attention due to its potential impact on plant visual phenotyping, particularly in
+understanding plant growth, assessing the quality/performance of crop plants, and …",4116883767108267567,18,Multi-modality imagery database for plant phenotyping,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.710.1603&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+632,A Ouamane|M Bengherabi|A Hadid,"Recently, there is an extensive research efforts devoted to the challenging problem of face
+verification in unconstrained settings and weakly labeled data, where the task is to
+determine whether pairs of images are from the same person or not. In this paper, we …",7644212121102916825,20,Side-information based exponential discriminant analysis for face verification in the wild,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdelmalik_Ouamane/publication/282019193_Side-Information_based_Exponential_Discriminant_Analysis_for_Face_Verification_in_the_Wild/links/5617e0f108ae88df90e03dbd.pdf
+633,M Xi|L Chen|W Tong,"Deep learning is well known as a method to extract hierarchical representations of data. This
+method has been widely implemented in many fields, including image classification, speech
+recognition, natural language processing, etc. Over the past decade, deep learning has …",16249350012628258186,27,[PDF] Local binary pattern network: A deep learning approach for face recognition.,https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84873504.pdf
+634,J Deng|S Cheng|Y Zhou,"Recently proposed robust 3D face alignment methods establish either dense or sparse
+correspondence between a 3D face model and a 2D facial image. The use of these methods
+presents new challenges as well as opportunities for facial texture analysis. In particular, by …",2886768725402481766,13,Uv-gan: Adversarial facial uv map completion for pose-invariant face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2018/papers/Deng_UV-GAN_Adversarial_Facial_CVPR_2018_paper.pdf
+635,Y Xiong|X Tang,"The archetype hull model is playing an important role in large-scale data analytics and
+mining, but rarely applied to vision problems. In this paper, we migrate such a geometric
+model to address face recognition and verification together through proposing a unified …",1524883193703742911,15,Face recognition via archetype hull ranking,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Xiong_Face_Recognition_via_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+636,J Lu|J Hu|YP Tan,"This paper presents a new discriminative deep metric learning (DDML) method for face and
+kinship verification in wild conditions. While metric learning has achieved reasonably good
+performance in face and kinship verification, most existing metric learning methods aim to …",8204827820388790183,37,Discriminative deep metric learning for face and kinship verification,
+637,A Alfalou|C Brosseau,"In recent years, correlation-filter (CF)-based face recognition algorithms have attracted
+increasing interest in the field of pattern recognition and have achieved impressive results in
+discrimination, efficiency, location accuracy, and robustness. In this tutorial paper, our goal is …",7456764094155947601,20,New perspectives in face correlation research: a tutorial,https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=aop-9-1-1&seq=0
+638,RX Ding|DK Du|ZH Huang|K Shang,"The single sample per person (SSPP) problem is of great importance for real-world face
+recognition systems. In SSPP scenario, there is always a large gap between a normal
+sample enrolled in the gallery set and the non-ideal probe sample. It is a crucial step for face …",3422449799268437925,16,Variational feature representation-based classification for face recognition with single sample per person,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zhiming_Li/publication/275219132_Variational_Feature_Representation-based_Classification_for_face_recognition_with_single_sample_per_person/links/5ba30c27299bf13e603e4605/Variational-Feature-Representation-based-Classification-for-face-recognition-with-single-sample-per-person.pdf
+639,T Bouwmans|S Javed|H Zhang|Z Lin,"Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) via decomposition into low-rank plus sparse
+matrices offers a powerful framework for a large variety of applications such as image
+processing, video processing, and 3-D computer vision. Indeed, most of the time these …",16434884032390595473,13,On the applications of robust PCA in image and video processing,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01891028/document
+640,I Masi|FJ Chang|J Choi|J Kim,"We propose a method designed to push the frontiers of unconstrained face recognition in
+the wild with an emphasis on extreme out-of-plane pose variations. Existing methods either
+expect a single model to learn pose invariance by training on massive amounts of data or …",3873986935263328491,13,Learning pose-aware models for pose-invariant face recognition in the wild,
+641,DK Pal|F Juefei-Xu|M Savvides,"We propose an explicitly discriminative andsimple'approach to generate invariance to
+nuisance transformations modeled as unitary. In practice, the approach works well to handle
+non-unitary transformations as well. Our theoretical results extend the reach of a recent …",5888095304529474317,18,Discriminative invariant kernel features: a bells-and-whistles-free approach to unsupervised face recognition and pose estimation,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Pal_Discriminative_Invariant_Kernel_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+642,Y Xu|B Zhang|J Yang|J You,"Conventional dictionary learning algorithms suffer from the following problems when applied
+to face recognition. First, since in most face recognition applications there are only a limited
+number of original training samples, it is difficult to obtain a reliable dictionary with a large …",810461345258559275,23,"Sample diversity, representation effectiveness and robust dictionary learning for face recognition",
+643,J Gu|X Yang|S De Mello,"Facial analysis in videos, including head pose estimation and facial landmark localization, is
+key for many applications such as facial animation capture, human activity recognition, and
+human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose to use a recurrent neural network …",2434610336440302270,13,Dynamic facial analysis: From Bayesian filtering to recurrent neural network,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Gu_Dynamic_Facial_Analysis_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+644,L Wolf|R Shweka,"The Cairo Genizah is a collection of hand-written documents containing approximately
+350,000 fragments of mainly Jewish texts discovered in the late 19th century. The fragments
+are today spread out in some 75 libraries and private collections worldwide, but there is an …",1882582832953771365,15,[BOOK] Automatic Palaeographic Exploration of Genizah Manuscripts,http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/4348/1/10_dershowitz.pdf
+645,C Wang,"Many machine learning problems involve dealing with a large amount of high-dimensional
+data across diverse domains. In addition, annotating or labeling the data is expensive as it
+involves significant human effort. This dissertation explores a joint solution to both these …",15102064881281073913,15,A geometric framework for transfer learning using manifold alignment,https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1269&context=open_access_dissertations
+646,B Kim|M Wattenberg|J Gilmer,"The interpretation of deep learning models is a challenge due to their size, complexity, and
+often opaque internal state. In addition, many systems, such as image classifiers, operate on
+low-level features rather than high-level concepts. To address these challenges, we …",3851819948477187965,13,Interpretability beyond feature attribution: Quantitative testing with concept activation vectors (tcav),http://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/kim18d/kim18d.pdf
+647,KM Lam|ZY Dong|H Wang,"The one-sample-per-person problem has become an active research topic for face
+recognition in recent years because of its challenges and significance for real-world
+applications. However, achieving relatively higher recognition accuracy is still a difficult …",14136071164041081165,13,[HTML] Face recognition with multi-resolution spectral feature images,http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055700
+648,A Sapkota|W Scheirer,"Face recognition in unconstrained environments is one of the most challenging problems in
+biometrics. One vexing problem in unconstrained environments is that of scale; a face
+captured at large distances is considerably harder to recognize than the same face at small …",6338217387127479844,13,Face-grab: Face recognition with general region assigned to binary operator,http://www.academia.edu/download/44445179/wjs_cswb2010_grab.pdf
+649,K Cao|Y Rong|C Li|X Tang,"Face recognition achieves exceptional success thanks to the emergence of deep learning.
+However, many contemporary face recognition models still perform relatively poor in
+processing profile faces compared to frontal faces. A key reason is that the number of frontal …",12793601306613379851,13,Pose-robust face recognition via deep residual equivariant mapping,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2018/papers/Cao_Pose-Robust_Face_Recognition_CVPR_2018_paper.pdf
+650,B Girod|H Chen|A Gallagher,"This paper introduces the new idea of describing people using first names. We show that
+describing people in terms of similarity to a vector of possible first names is a powerful
+representation of facial appearance that can be used for a number of important applications …",727445117239895186,13,The hidden sides of names-face modeling with first name attributes,
+651,Z Chai|H Mendez-Vazquez|R He|Z Sun,"Feature extraction plays an important role in face recognition. Based on local binary patterns
+(LBP), we propose a novel face representation method which obtains histograms of
+semantic pixel sets based LBP (spsLBP) with a robust code voting (rcv). By clustering …",671346182951859917,14,Semantic pixel sets based local binary patterns for face recognition,http://www.nlpr.ia.ac.cn/2012papers/gjhy/gh80.pdf
+652,KI Kou|Y Wang,"Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) and sparse RC (SRC) have
+recently achieved great success in face recognition (FR). Previous CRC and SRC are
+originally designed in the real setting for grayscale image-based FR. They separately …",14388044951474645731,25,Quaternion collaborative and sparse representation with application to color face recognition,https://ieeeprojectsmadurai.com/matlab2016base/Quaternion%20Collaborative%20and%20Sparse%20Representation.pdf
+653,W Huang|H Yin,"This paper presents a compact and efficient yet powerful binary framework based on image
+gradients for robust facial representation. It is termed as Binary Gradient Patterns (BGP). To
+discover underlying local structures in the gradient domain, image gradients are computed …",2843542708152026109,28,Robust face recognition with structural binary gradient patterns,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.00481
+654,SM Safdarnejad|X Liu|L Udpa,"Considering the enormous creation rate of usergenerated videos on websites like YouTube,
+there is an immediate need for automatic categorization, recognition and analysis of videos.
+To develop algorithms for analyzing user-generated videos, unconstrained and …",10001086963759053928,16,Sports videos in the wild (SVW): A video dataset for sports analysis,http://www.cse.msu.edu/~liuxm/publication/Safdarnejad_Liu_Udpa_Andrus_Wood_Craven_FG2015.pdf
+655,C Song|T Ristenpart,"Abstract Machine learning (ML) is becoming a commodity. Numerous ML frameworks and
+services are available to data holders who are not ML experts but want to train predictive
+models on their data. It is important that ML models trained on sensitive inputs (eg, personal …",9979296597528196756,36,Machine learning models that remember too much,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.07886
+656,Y Wong|C Sanderson|S Mau,"While existing face recognition systems based on local features are robust to issues such as
+misalignment, they can exhibit accuracy degradation when comparing images of differing
+resolutions. This is common in surveillance environments where a gallery of high resolution …",3304308066814318850,13,Dynamic amelioration of resolution mismatches for local feature based identity inference,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2133
+657,M Harandi|M Salzmann|R Hartley,"To be tractable and robust to data noise, existing metric learning algorithms commonly rely
+on PCA as a pre-processing step. How can we know, however, that PCA, or any other
+specific dimensionality reduction technique, is the method of choice for the problem at …",1943021562754188889,21,[PDF] Joint dimensionality reduction and metric learning: A geometric take,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/229290/files/HarandiSalzmannHartleyICML17.pdf
+658,Q Gao|F Nie,"Recently, L1-norm-based discriminant subspace learning has attracted much more attention
+in dimensionality reduction and machine learning. However, most existing approaches solve
+the column vectors of the optimal projection matrix one by one with greedy strategy. Thus …",13355649979438032040,32,A non-greedy algorithm for l1-norm lda,
+659,K Sikka|G Sharma|M Bartlett,"We study the problem of facial analysis in videos. Our first contribution is a novel weakly
+supervised learning method that models the video event (pain, expression etc.) as a
+sequence of automatically mined, discriminative sub-events (eg. neutral face, raising brows …",2236325541024540673,23,Lomo: Latent ordinal model for facial analysis in videos,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Sikka_LOMo_Latent_Ordinal_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+660,DF Fouhey|A Gupta|A Zisserman,"In this paper we investigate 3D attributes as a means to understand the shape of an object in
+a single image. To this end, we make a number of contributions:(i) we introduce and define a
+set of 3D Shape attributes, including planarity, symmetry and occupied space;(ii) we show …",3899456741998707323,17,3D shape attributes,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Fouhey_3D_Shape_Attributes_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+661,TSF Haines|T Xiang,"Classification is used to solve countless problems. Many real world computer vision
+problems, such as visual surveillance, contain uninteresting but common classes alongside
+interesting but rare classes. The rare classes are often unknown, and need to be discovered …",15567703225344856019,13,Active rare class discovery and classification using dirichlet processes,https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/11451/Xiang_active_discovery_IJCV_2014_GreenOA.pdf?sequence=6
+662,M Li|W Zuo|D Zhang,"This paper focuses on the problem of generating human face pictures from specific
+attributes. The existing CNN-based face generation models, however, either ignore the
+identity of the generated face or fail to preserve the identity of the reference face image. Here …",867888272807268875,13,Convolutional network for attribute-driven and identity-preserving human face generation,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.06434
+663,Z Lei|D Yi|SZ Li,"LBP is an effective descriptor for face recognition. LBP encodes the ordinal relationship
+between the neighborhood samplings and the central one to obtain robust face
+representation. However, additional information like the difference among neighboring …",12825506674517109712,12,Local gradient order pattern for face representation and recognition,http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/users/zlei/papers/ICPR2014/Lei-ICPR-14.pdf
+664,B Ni|S Yan|M Wang|AA Kassim,"In this paper, we propose a novel method for spatial context modeling toward boosting
+visual discriminating power. We are particularly interested in how to model high-order local
+spatial contexts instead of the intensively studied second-order spatial contexts, ie, co …",9159160709225428399,13,High-order local spatial context modeling by spatialized random forest,
+665,A Lumini|L Nanni|S Brahnam,"Presented in this paper is a novel system for face recognition that works well in the wild and
+that is based on ensembles of descriptors that utilize different preprocessing techniques.
+The power of our proposed approach is demonstrated on two datasets: the FERET dataset …",15137772442553853074,15,[HTML] Ensemble of texture descriptors and classifiers for face recognition,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210832716300023
+666,Y Xu|J Yang|D Zhang,"During the past several years, as one of the most successful applications of sparse coding
+and dictionary learning, dictionary-based face recognition has received significant attention.
+Although some surveys of sparse coding and dictionary learning have been reported, there …",10922995222566811385,32,A survey of dictionary learning algorithms for face recognition,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/7859429/07903603.pdf
+667,M Castrillón-Santana|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"Gender classification (GC) has achieved high accuracy in different experimental evaluations
+based mostly on inner facial details. However, these results do not generalize well in
+unrestricted datasets and particularly in cross-database experiments, where the …",11508970766555271989,17,Descriptors and regions of interest fusion for in-and cross-database gender classification in the wild,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06838
+668,J Liu|B Liu|X Peng|C Vogler,"Abstract Our linguistically annotated American Sign Language (ASL) corpora have formed a
+basis for research to automate detection by computer of essential linguistic information
+conveyed through facial expressions and head movements. We have tracked head position …",16848730153485171413,13,"[PDF] Computer-based tracking, analysis, and visualization of linguistically significant nonmanual events in American Sign Language (ASL)",http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.475.7590&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+669,A Kapoor|S Baker,"Real-time recognition may be limited by scarce memory and computing resources for
+performing classification. Although, prior research has addressed the problem of training
+classifiers with limited data and computation, few efforts have tackled the problem of memory …",12092360495297912328,12,Memory constrained face recognition,http://erichorvitz.com/memory_constrained_face_recognition.pdf
+670,EM Hand|R Chellappa,"Attributes, or semantic features, have gained popularity in the past few years in domains
+ranging from activity recognition in video to face verification. Improving the accuracy of
+attribute classifiers is an important first step in any application which uses these attributes. In …",10228756486245149250,20,Attributes for improved attributes: A multi-task network for attribute classification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.07360
+671,C Sagonas|Y Panagakis|S Zafeiriou,"The unconstrained acquisition of facial data in real-world conditions may result in face
+images with significant pose variations, illumination changes, and occlusions, affecting the
+performance of facial landmark localization and recognition methods. In this paper, a novel …",14994742408853595384,16,[HTML] Robust statistical frontalization of human and animal faces,https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-016-0920-7
+672,J Bergstra|DD Cox,"Many computer vision algorithms depend on a variety of parameter choices and settings that
+are typically hand-tuned in the course of evaluating the algorithm. While such parameter
+tuning is often presented as being incidental to the algorithm, correctly setting these …",612380472213121247,17,Making a science of model search,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.5111
+673,G Chiachia|N Pinto|WR Schwartz|A Rocha,"While significant strides have been made in the recognition of faces under controlled
+viewing conditions, face recognition “in the wild” remains a challenging unsolved problem
+[12, 13, 21]. Interestingly, while humans are generally excellent at identifying familiar …",3883688638895070472,12,[PDF] Person-Specific Subspace Analysis for Unconstrained Familiar Face Identification.,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/William_Schwartz/publication/257789074_Person-Specific_Subspace_Analysis_for_Unconstrained_Familiar_Face_Identification/links/583477b408ae004f74c87b33/Person-Specific-Subspace-Analysis-for-Unconstrained-Familiar-Face-Identification.pdf
+674,X Di|VA Sindagi|VM Patel,"Facial landmarks constitute the most compressed representation of faces and are known to
+preserve information such as pose, gender and facial structure present in the faces. Several
+works exist that attempt to perform high-level face-related analysis tasks based on …",12888381015768468471,12,Gp-gan: Gender preserving gan for synthesizing faces from landmarks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00962
+675,CX Ren|KK Huang,"Face recognition under uncontrolled conditions, eg, complex backgrounds and variable
+resolutions, is still challenging in image processing and computer vision. Although many
+methods have been proved well-performed in the controlled settings, they are usually of …",1626112601152722570,14,Transfer learning of structured representation for face recognition,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/330620/1/1000009305558.pdf
+676,J Warrell|SJD Prince,"We consider the problem of parsing facial features from an image labeling perspective. We
+learn a per-pixel unary classifier, and a prior over expected label configurations, allowing us
+to estimate a dense labeling of facial images by part (eg hair, mouth, moustache, hat). This …",6333448014078467378,17,Labelfaces: Parsing facial features by multiclass labeling with an epitome prior,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.332.2399&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+677,T Linder|KO Arras,"Understanding social context is an important skill for robots that share a space with humans.
+In this paper, we address the problem of recognizing gender, a key piece of information
+when interacting with people and understanding human social relations and rules. Unlike …",6289602110343864665,14,Real-time full-body human gender recognition in (RGB)-D data,http://www.spencer.eu/papers/linderICRA15.pdf
+678,A Tefas|I Pitas,"Current discriminant nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) methods either do not
+guarantee convergence to a stationary limit point or assume a compact data distribution
+inside classes, thus ignoring intra class variance in extracting discriminant data samples …",18256645877852446984,12,Projected gradients for subclass discriminant nonnegative subspace learning,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.672.3821&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+679,L Lenc|P Král,"The objective of this paper is to introduce a novel face database. It is composed of face
+images taken in real-world conditions and is freely available for research purposes at
+http://ufi. kiv. zcu. cz. We have created this dataset in order to facilitate to researchers a …",4756222064848189733,16,Unconstrained Facial Images: Database for face recognition under real-world conditions,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4b41/06614c1d553365bad75d7866bff0de6056ed.pdf
+680,P Moutafis|IA Kakadiaris,"In this paper, we first offer an overview of advances in the field of distance metric learning.
+Then, we empirically compare selected methods using a common experimental protocol.
+The number of distance metric learning algorithms proposed keeps growing due to their …",15656845733727067597,16,An overview and empirical comparison of distance metric learning methods,http://cbl.uh.edu/pub_files/TCYB16.pdf
+681,SCH Hoi|D Wang|J Zhu,"Auto face annotation is an important technique for many real-world applications, such as
+online photo album management, new video summarization, and so on. It aims to
+automatically detect human faces from a photo image and further name the faces with the …",8455484501092213938,12,Fans: face annotation by searching large-scale web facial images,http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3339&context=sis_research
+682,T Hassner,"This article concerns the design of effective computer vision programming exercises and
+presents a novel means of designing these assignments. We describe three recent case
+studies designed to evaluate the effectiveness of assigning graduate-level computer vision …",4266818521938416691,12,Teaching computer vision: Bringing research benchmarks to the classroom,
+683,C Lu|X Tang,"For the traditional Bayesian face recognition methods, a simple prior on face representation
+cannot cover large variations in facial poses, illuminations, expressions, aging, and
+occlusions in the wild. In this paper, we propose a new approach to learn the face prior for …",2314691964093958495,12,Learning the face prior for bayesian face recognition,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3689/2b6bb4848a9c21158b8eded7f14a6654dd7e.pdf
+684,C Ma|JY Jung|SW Kim|SJ Ko,"In this paper, a novel feature extraction method for robust face recognition (FR) is proposed.
+The proposed method combines a simple yet effective dimensionality increasing (DI)
+method with an information-preserving dimensionality reduction (DR) method. For the …",14554503336415268617,16,Random projection-based partial feature extraction for robust face recognition,
+685,K Hassan|CJ Pal,"We propose an approach for improving unconstrained face recognition based on leveraging
+weakly labeled web videos. It is easy to obtain videos that are likely to contain a face of
+interest from sites such as YouTube through issuing queries with a person's name; however …",18319970799591505090,12,[PDF] Semi Supervised Learning for Wild Faces and Video.,http://www.bmva.org/bmvc/2011/proceedings/paper3/paper3.pdf
+686,,"It is important in computer animation to synthesize expressive facial animation for avatars
+from videos. Some traditional methods track a set of semantic feature points on the face to
+drive the avatar. However, these methods usually suffer from inaccurate detection and …",10925969318676374740,12,Video‐driven state‐aware facial animation,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2d3c/17ced03e4b6c4b014490fe3d40c62d02e914.pdf
+687,SU Khan,"The popularity of face recognition systems have increased due to their use in widespread
+applications. Driven by the enormous number of potential application domains, several
+algorithms have been proposed for face recognition. Face pose and image resolutions are …",10684659952967471404,16,Effects of pose and image resolution on automatic face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.695.2133&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+688,F Cole|D Belanger|D Krishnan|A Sarna,"We present a method for synthesizing a frontal, neutral-expression image of a person's face
+given an input face photograph. This is achieved by learning to generate facial landmarks
+and textures from features extracted from a facial-recognition network. Unlike previous …",1624988979715798568,22,Synthesizing normalized faces from facial identity features,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.04851
+689,R Azad|B Azad,"Automatic face recognition system is one of the core technologies in computer vision,
+machine learning, and biometrics. The present study presents a novel and improved way for
+face recognition. In the suggested approach, first, the place of face is extracted from the …",17395121164187154308,12,[PDF] Optimized method for real-time face recognition system based on PCA and multiclass support vector machine,http://www.academia.edu/download/32464077/ACSIJ-2013-2-5-264.pdf
+690,S Mosaddegh|L Simon|F Jurie,"With the adoption of pervasive surveillance systems and the development of efficient
+automatic face matchers, the question of preserving privacy becomes paramount. In this
+context, automated face de-identification is revived. Typical solutions based on eyes …",16343922803486886077,16,Photorealistic face de-identification by aggregating donors' face components,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01070658/file/2014-deidentifi-accv.pdf
+691,S Ma|Y Aafer|J Zhai|W Wang,"With the fast spread of machine learning techniques, sharing and adopting public machine
+learning models become very popular. This gives attackers many new opportunities. In this
+paper, we propose a trojaning attack on neuron networks. As the models are not intuitive for …",10621507222795710517,31,[PDF] Trojaning attack on neural networks,https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2782&context=cstech
+692,Q Cao|Y Ying|P Li,"The success of many machine learning algorithms (eg the nearest neighborhood
+classification and k-means clustering) depends on the representation of the data as
+elements in a metric space. Learning an appropriate distance metric from data is usually …",5393340556794918283,13,Distance metric learning revisited,http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~qiong/publications/dm-re-ecml2012.pdf
+693,KK Htike|D Hogg,"Successful detection and localisation of pedestrians is an important goal in computer vision
+which is a core area in Artificial Intelligence. State-of-the-art pedestrian detectors proposed
+in literature have reached impressive performance on certain datasets. However, it has been …",5912245101124179889,13,Adapting pedestrian detectors to new domains: a comprehensive review,http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/102212/1/elsarticle-template-num.pdf
+694,J Li|J Zhao|F Zhao|H Liu|S Shen,"This paper describes our proposed method targeting at the MSR Image Recognition
+Challenge MS-Celeb-1M. The challenge is to recognize one million celebrities from their
+face images captured in the real world. The challenge provides a large scale dataset …",15006255901402073945,16,Robust face recognition with deep multi-view representation learning,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jian_Zhao68/publication/308833661_Robust_Face_Recognition_with_Deep_Multi-View_Representation_Learning/links/59d5a3560f7e9b7a7e4675fe/Robust-Face-Recognition-with-Deep-Multi-View-Representation-Learning.pdf
+695,M Hasan|C Pal,"We present our technique for facial keypoint localization in the wild submitted to the 300-W
+challenge. Our approach begins with a nearest neighbour search using global descriptors.
+We then employ an alignment of local neighbours and dynamically fit a locally linear model …",11408568587613385988,11,"Localizing facial keypoints with global descriptor search, neighbour alignment and locally linear models",https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_workshops_2013/W11/papers/Hasan_Localizing_Facial_Keypoints_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+696,THN Le|K Luu|M Savvides,"Robust facial hair detection and segmentation is a highly valued soft biometric attribute for
+carrying out forensic facial analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel and fully automatic
+system, called SparCLeS, for beard/moustache detection and segmentation in challenging …",15268878785206627593,12,SparCLeS: Dynamic Sparse Classifiers With Level Sets for Robust Beard/Moustache Detection and Segmentation,https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/thihoanl/paper/Beard_Moustache_TIP2013.pdf
+697,H Li|J Brandt|Z Lin|X Shen|G Hua,"In this work, we present a new framework for person recognition in photo albums that
+exploits contextual cues at multiple levels, spanning individual persons, individual photos,
+and photo groups. Through experiments, we show that the information available at each of …",4428589751980728016,17,A multi-level contextual model for person recognition in photo albums,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Li_A_Multi-Level_Contextual_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+698,CH Chan|J Kittler|K Mikolajczyk,"In this paper we propose to use the full ranking of a set of pixels as a local descriptor. In
+contrast to existing methods which use only partial ranking information, the full ranking
+encodes the complete comparative information among the pixels, while retaining invariance …",6371908951398338059,13,Full ranking as local descriptor for visual recognition: a comparison of distance metrics on Sn,
+699,L Bourdev,"Part detectors are a common way to handle the variability in appearance in high-level
+computer vision problems, such as detection and semantic segmentation. Identifying good
+parts, however, remains an open question. Anatomical parts, such as arms and legs, are …",10672393553813509058,11,Poselets and their applications in high-level computer vision,https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt8nz4x0qt/qt8nz4x0qt.pdf
+700,M Castrillón-Santana|J Lorenzo-Navarro,"The 2015 FRVT gender classification (GC) report evidences the problems that current
+approaches tackle in situations with large variations in pose, illumination, background and
+facial expression. The report suggests that both commercial and research solutions are …",14663248651055200399,15,Multi-scale score level fusion of local descriptors for gender classification in the wild,http://bibacceda01.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/17812/5/J019_MTAP16_draft.pdf
+701,A Moeini|K Faez,"In this study, a novel method is proposed for gender classification by adding facial depth
+features to texture features. Accordingly, the three-dimensional (3D) generic elastic model is
+used to reconstruct the 3D model from human face using only a single 2D frontal image …",13518787879872343916,13,Real-world gender classification via local Gabor binary pattern and three-dimensional face reconstruction by generic elastic model,
+702,MF Angelo|AC Loula,"This paper aims at describing an approach developed for the recognition of gestures on
+digital images. In this way, two shape descriptors were used: the histogram of oriented
+gradients (HOG) and Zernike invariant moments (ZIM). A feature vector composed by the …",7498871742585410745,11,Recognition of static gestures applied to Brazilian sign language (Libras),http://sibgrapi.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/sibgrapi/2015/06.18.19.06/doc/PID3766353.pdf
+703,H Xu,"Although deep learning has yielded impressive performance for face recognition, many
+studies have shown that different networks learn different feature maps: while some
+networks are more receptive to pose and illumination others appear to capture more local …",14105474210717780516,22,Deep heterogeneous feature fusion for template-based face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.04471
+704,X Jin|X Tan,"Over the last two decades, face alignment or localizing fiducial facial points on 2D images
+has received increasing attention owing to its comprehensive applications in automatic face
+analysis. However, such a task has proven extremely challenging in unconstrained …",7497974296392205066,26,Face alignment in-the-wild: A survey,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.04188
+705,CX Ren,"In this paper, we propose a multilayer surface albedo (MLSA) model to tackle face
+recognition in bad lighting conditions, especially with reference images in bad lighting
+conditions. Some previous researches conclude that illumination variations mainly lie in the …",4040582424147915502,15,Multilayer surface albedo for face recognition with reference images in bad lighting conditions,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/322359/1/1000009305498.pdf
+706,K Khan|M Mauro|R Leonardi,"In this paper the problem of multi-class face segmentation is introduced. Differently from
+previous works which only consider few classes-typically skin and hair-the label set is
+extended here to six categories: skin, hair, eyes, nose, mouth and background. A dataset …",13039370634236214653,12,Multi-class semantic segmentation of faces,https://iris.unibs.it/retrieve/handle/11379/468365/27374/KAML-ICIP_2015-Camera%20Ready.pdf
+707,M Demirkus|D Precup|JJ Clark|T Arbel,"Recently, head pose estimation in real-world environments has been receiving attention in
+the computer vision community due to its applicability to a wide range of contexts. However,
+this task still remains as an open problem because of the challenges presented by real …",5164023844769198691,16,Hierarchical temporal graphical model for head pose estimation and subsequent attribute classification in real-world videos,
+708,R Giraud|VT Ta|A Bugeau|P Coupé,"Superpixels have become very popular in many computer vision applications. Nevertheless,
+they remain underexploited since the superpixel decomposition may produce irregular and
+non stable segmentation results due to the dependency to the image content. In this paper …",4809293381967700839,16,SuperPatchMatch: an algorithm for robust correspondences using superpixel patches,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01432116/document
+709,T Tommasi|R Aly|K McGuinness|K Chatfield,"The EU FP7 project AXES aims at better understanding the needs of archive users and
+supporting them with systems that reach beyond the state-of-the-art. Our system allows
+users to instantaneously retrieve content using metadata, spoken words, or a vocabulary of …",12075123705931316534,13,Beyond metadata: searching your archive based on its audio-visual content,http://relja.info/publications/tommasi14.pdf
+710,C Reale|NM Nasrabadi|H Kwon,"Heterogeneous face recognition is the problem of identifying a person from a face image
+acquired with a non-traditional sensor by matching it to a visible gallery. Most approaches to
+this problem involve modeling the relationship between corresponding images from the …",1976175431823326826,17,Seeing the forest from the trees: A holistic approach to near-infrared heterogeneous face recognition,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w9/papers/Reale_Seeing_the_Forest_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+711,C Otto|B Klare|AK Jain,"Investigations that require the exploitation of large volumes of face imagery are increasingly
+common in current forensic scenarios (eg, Boston Marathon bombing), but effective
+solutions for triaging such imagery (ie, low importance, moderate importance, and of critical …",3438230334348315028,12,[PDF] An efficient approach for clustering face images,http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Face/OttoKlareJain_EfficientApproachClusteringFaceImages_ICB15.pdf
+712,KK Huang|CX Ren,"A sparse representation classifier (SRC) and a kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) are two
+successful methods for face recognition. An SRC is good at dealing with occlusion, while a
+KDA does well in suppressing intraclass variations. In this paper, we propose kernel …",1816089652733717949,20,Learning kernel extended dictionary for face recognition,http://papersim.com/wp-content/uploads/Image_Processing__Learning_Kernel_Extended_Dictionary___Face_Recognition__2016.pdf
+713,MK Hasan|CJ Pal,"Face recognition systems for uncontrolled environments often work through an alignment,
+feature extraction, and recognition pipeline. Effective alignment of faces is thus crucial as
+can be an entry point in the process and poor alignments can greatly affect recognition …",9780607982358984960,12,Improving alignment of faces for recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.713.5586&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+714,R Hong|Z Hu|M Wang|S Yan,"Human group, which indicates the people who share similar characteristics, is used to
+categorize humans into distinct populations or groups. In recent years, with the explosive
+growth of image, new concepts of human group are blooming in social networks. People in …",17277400602268016752,15,Understanding blooming human groups in social networks,
+715,,"Biometric identification (BI) is one of the most explored topics in recent years. One of the
+most important techniques for BI is face recognition. Face recognition systems (FRSs) are an
+important field in computer vision, because it represents a non-invasive BI technique. In this …",4493580456214647391,12,Evaluation of machine learning techniques for face detection and recognition,
+716,B Yao|AI Haizhou,"This paper studies face recognition and person-specific face image retrieval in
+unconstrained environments. The proposed method consists of two parts: offline and online
+learning. In offline stage, we take advantage of both global and local features in a Bayesian …",822308614241640607,11,Person-specific face recognition in unconstrained environments: a combination of offline and online learning,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.165.642&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+717,F Shi|J Chai,"This paper presents the first realtime 3D eye gaze capture method that simultaneously
+captures the coordinated movement of 3D eye gaze, head poses and facial expression
+deformation using a single RGB camera. Our key idea is to complement a realtime 3D facial …",16971609092882517586,21,Realtime 3d eye gaze animation using a single rgb camera,http://humanmotion.ict.ac.cn/papers/2016P1_EyeGaze/sig16_face_and_eye_v7-slide.pdf
+718,H Liu|Y Gao,"Gender identification has been a hot research topic with wide application requirements from
+social life. In general, effective feature representation is the key to solving this problem. In
+this paper, a new feature named Self-Similarity of Gradients (GSS) is proposed, which …",9475403135600387099,11,[PDF] Gender identification in unconstrained scenarios using Self-Similarity of Gradients features.,http://robotics.pkusz.edu.cn/static/papers/ICIP2014-gaoyuan2.pdf
+719,Z Lei|SZ Li,"Face descriptor is a critical issue for face recognition. Many local face descriptors like Gabor,
+LBP have exhibited good discriminative ability for face recognition. However, most existing
+face descriptors are designed in a handcrafted way and the extracted features may not be …",1567142186417357730,11,Learning discriminant face descriptor for face recognition,http://www.nlpr.ia.ac.cn/2012papers/gjhy/gh57.pdf
+720,,"How to determine the low dimensional manifold is a challenging problem. Locality
+Preserving Projections (LPP) can gracefully deal with it. With the help of discriminant
+information provided by Discriminant Locality Preserving Projection (DLPP), the …",18082677039007795314,12,Exponential discriminant locality preserving projection for face recognition,
+721,Y Liang,"In this paper, we explore the regularized feature selection method for person specific face
+verification in unconstrained environments. We reformulate the generalization of the single-
+task sparsity-enforced feature selection method to multi-task cases as a simultaneous …",11255468416414770412,11,Exploring regularized feature selection for person specific face verification,https://sites.google.com/site/liangyixiong/cabinet/ICCV2011.pdf
+722,S Bianco,"This paper introduces a new method for face verification across large age gaps and also a
+dataset containing variations of age in the wild, the Large Age-Gap (LAG) dataset, with
+images ranging from child/young to adult/old. The proposed method exploits a deep …",6980699793307007950,19,Large age-gap face verification by feature injection in deep networks,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06149
+723,C Ferrari|G Lisanti|S Berretti,"In this paper, we propose a new and effective frontalization algorithm for frontal rendering of
+unconstrained face images, and experiment it for face recognition. Initially, a 3DMM is fit to
+the image, and an interpolating function maps each pixel inside the face region on the …",6632057936491137022,14,Effective 3D based frontalization for unconstrained face recognition,https://www.micc.unifi.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/icpr16_janus_cameraReady.pdf
+724,T Danisman|IM Bilasco,"This paper presents cross-database evaluations of automatic appearance-based gender
+recognition methodology using normalized raw pixels and SVM classifier under
+unconstrained settings. Proposed method uses both histogram specification and feature …",3195058916862770541,10,Cross-database evaluation of normalized raw pixels for gender recognition under unconstrained settings,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00973505/file/cross_dataset_pixel_intensities_gender-ICPR2014.pdf
+725,F Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh|K Chen,"Alignment of semantically meaningful visual patterns, such as object classes, is an important
+pre-processing step for a number of applications such as object detection and image
+categorization. Considering the expensive manpower spent on the annotation of supervised …",15683999798513109802,10,Unsupervised visual alignment with similarity graphs,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2015/papers/Yancheshmeh_Unsupervised_Visual_Alignment_2015_CVPR_paper.pdf
+726,,"Abstract Collaborative Representation based Classification (CRC) is powerful for face
+recognition and has lower computational complexity than Sparse Representation based
+Classification (SRC). To improve the performance of CRC, this paper proposes a new …",15775733861993775202,12,Optimized projection for collaborative representation based classification and its applications to face recognition,
+727,T Lansdall-Welfare|S Sudhahar|C Carter,"Feminist news media researchers have long contended that masculine news values shape
+journalists' quotidian decisions about what is newsworthy. As a result, it is argued, topics
+and issues traditionally regarded as primarily of interest and relevance to women are …",685277937575366070,21,[HTML] Women are seen more than heard in online newspapers,http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0148434
+728,G Sharma|B Schiele,"We propose a novel algorithm for the task of supervised discriminative distance learning by
+nonlinearly embedding vectors into a low dimensional Euclidean space. We work in the
+challenging setting where supervision is with constraints on similar and dissimilar pairs …",168379289328903480,12,Scalable nonlinear embeddings for semantic category-based image retrieval,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Sharma_Scalable_Nonlinear_Embeddings_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+729,Y Zhong|J Chen,"A common practice in modern face recognition methods is to specifically align the face area
+based on the prior knowledge of human face structure before recognition feature extraction.
+The face alignment is usually implemented independently, causing difficulties in the …",13613542227906010617,18,Toward end-to-end face recognition through alignment learning,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.07174
+730,Y Li,"We are often faced with the problem of distinguishing between visually similar objects that
+share the same general appearance characteristics. As opposed to object categorization,
+this task is focused on capturing fine image differences in a pose-dependent fashion. Our …",12601916050617414585,11,Learning pairwise image similarities for multi-classification using kernel regression trees,http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~csstyyl/papers/pr2012.pdf
+731,L Hu|S Saito|L Wei|K Nagano,"We present a fully automatic framework that digitizes a complete 3D head with hair from a
+single unconstrained image. Our system offers a practical and consumer-friendly end-to-end
+solution for avatar personalization in gaming and social VR applications. The reconstructed …",2781770304173787879,24,Avatar digitization from a single image for real-time rendering,
+732,J Wang,"Detecting predefined facial feature points in a human face image is a well studied problem.
+Despite the impressive achievements that have been made, it is still open under
+unconstrained environments, with variations of illumination, expression, head pose, as well …",4237991958347641047,12,Facial feature points detecting based on Gaussian Mixture Models,http://bksy.zju.edu.cn/attachments/tlxjxj/2016-10/99999-1477633998-1097578.pdf
+733,SMS Ahmad|WAW Adnan,"Gender as a soft biometric attribute has been extensively investigated in the domain of
+computer vision because of its numerous potential application areas. However, studies have
+shown that gender recognition performance can be hindered by improper alignment of facial …",8370729530870722333,10,Gender recognition on real world faces based on shape representation and neural network,
+734,D Mery,"Unconstrained face recognition is still an open problem as the state-of-the-art algorithms
+have not yet reached high recognition performance in real-world environments. This paper
+addresses this problem by proposing a new approach called sparse fingerprint classification …",12632813702632998711,18,Face recognition using sparse fingerprint classification algorithm,
+735,H Ye|L Wang,"In this paper, we introduce an active annotation and learning framework for the face
+recognition task. Starting with an initial label deficient face image training set, we iteratively
+train a deep neural network and use this model to choose the examples for further manual …",12955612788803450012,14,Face recognition via active annotation and learning,http://zhengyingbin.cc/publication/mm16-face.pdf
+736,O Tuzel|Y Taguchi|JR Hershey,"Face hallucination, which is the task of generating a high-resolution face image from a low-
+resolution input image, is a well-studied problem that is useful in widespread application
+areas. Face hallucination is particularly challenging when the input face resolution is very …",14584649109201573474,15,Global-local face upsampling network,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07235
+737,X Wang,"As a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence, deep learning has achieved very
+impressive success in solving grand challenges in many fields including speech recognition,
+natural language processing, computer vision, image and video processing, and …",14973305879926522028,16,"Deep learning in object recognition, detection, and segmentation",https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/SIG-071
+738,Y Pang|X Jiang|X Li,"Because the scale, horizontal and vertical coordinates of an object in an image are arbitrary,
+so object detection can be viewed as a process of searching the object in the 3D space
+spanned by the scale, horizontal, and vertical factors. Traditional sliding window based …",9888378872942210407,10,Efficient object detection by prediction in 3D space,
+739,R Wallace|M McLaren,"This study presents the first detailed study of total variability modelling (TVM) for face
+verification. TVM was originally proposed for speaker verification, where it has been
+accepted as state-of-the-art technology. Also referred to as front-end factor analysis, TVM …",1757908157119954586,10,Total variability modelling for face verification,https://sites.google.com/site/drroywallace/publications/download/2012_IET.pdf
+740,R Yonetani|V Naresh Boddeti,"We propose a privacy-preserving framework for learning visual classifiers by leveraging
+distributed private image data. This framework is designed to aggregate multiple classifiers
+updated locally using private data and to ensure that no private information about the data is …",1856416324516941618,10,Privacy-preserving visual learning using doubly permuted homomorphic encryption,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Yonetani_Privacy-Preserving_Visual_Learning_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+741,X Qi|CG Li,"In this paper, we propose a simple but effective spatial co-occurrence of local intensity order
+(CoLIO) feature for face recognition. Local intensity order (LIO) is robust to illumination
+variance. Spatial co-occurrence of LIO not only preserves great invariance to illumination …",14236078210085401876,10,Spatial co-occurrence of local intensity order for face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xianbiao_Qi2/publication/251571647_Spatial_co-occurrence_of_local_intensity_order_for_face_recognition/links/00b7d51f0ed4d84d0c000000.pdf
+742,H Ai,"For multi-view face alignment (MVFA), the non-linear variation of shape and texture, and the
+self-occlusion of facial feature points caused by view change are the two major difficulties.
+The state-of-the-art MVFA methods are essentially view-based approaches in which views …",10916036591562732863,11,Multi-view face alignment using 3d shape model for view estimation,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-01793-3_19.pdf
+743,S Zhang|R He|Z Sun,"Face verification between ID photos and life photos (FVBIL) is gaining traction with the rapid
+development of the Internet. However, ID photos provided by the Chinese administration
+center are often corrupted with wavy lines to prevent misuse, which poses great difficulty to …",15763131129496914852,18,Multi-task convnet for blind face inpainting with application to face verification,http://ir.ia.ac.cn/bitstream/173211/13787/1/07550058.pdf
+744,J Deng|Y Zhou|S Zafeiriou,"Convolutional neural networks have significantly boosted the performance of face
+recognition in recent years due to its high capacity in learning discriminative features. In
+order to enhance the discriminative power of the deeply learned features, we propose a new …",9153549260133833788,21,[PDF] Marginal loss for deep face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017_workshops/w33/papers/Deng_Marginal_Loss_for_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+745,W Shen|B Wang|X Bai|LJ Latecki,"In this paper, we propose a system for face identification. Given two query face images, our
+task is to tell whether or not they are of the same person. The main contribution of this paper
+comes from two aspects:(1) We adopt the one-shot similarity kernel [35] for learning the …",6421935422785406453,12,Face identification using reference-based features with message passing model,https://cis.temple.edu/~latecki/Papers/FaceIdentificationNeuro2013.pdf
+746,J Sullivan|H Li,"Predicting facial attributes from faces in the wild is very challenging due to pose and lighting
+variations in the real world. The key to this problem is to build proper feature representations
+to cope with these unfavourable conditions. Given the success of convolutional neural …",1730631632970199577,9,[PDF] Face attribute prediction with classification CNN,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6331/01e794d7b80f55f466fd2941ea24595e10e6.pdf
+747,Z Huo|F Nie|H Huang,"Metric learning aims at automatically learning a metric from pair or triplet based constraints
+in data, and it can be potentially beneficial whenever the notion of metric between instances
+plays a nontrivial role. In Mahalanobis distance metric learning, distance matrix M is in …",13005287162893713664,16,Robust and effective metric learning using capped trace norm: Metric learning via capped trace norm,https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2939853&type=pdf
+748,V Verroios|H Garcia-Molina,"Abstract In Entity Resolution, the objective is to find which records of a dataset refer to the
+same real-world entity. Crowd Entity Resolution uses humans, in addition to machine
+algorithms, to improve the quality of the outcome. We study a hybrid approach that combines …",8101071617817832454,19,Waldo: An adaptive human interface for crowd entity resolution,http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/1137/1/ERMultiItemTechRep.pdf
+749,RSS Kramer|AW Young,"Viewers are highly accurate at recognizing sex and race from faces—though it remains
+unclear how this is achieved. Recognition of familiar faces is also highly accurate across a
+very large range of viewing conditions, despite the difficulty of the problem. Here we show …",9617201567310836044,13,Robust social categorization emerges from learning the identities of very few faces.,http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112339/1/LDA_paper_R2.pdf
+750,J He|D Zhang|L Balzano,"Robust high-dimensional data processing has witnessed an exciting development in recent
+years, as theoretical results have shown that it is possible using convex programming to
+optimize data fit to a low-rank component plus a sparse outlier component. This problem is …",16782358948778783018,11,Iterative online subspace learning for robust image alignment,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/fg/2013/5545/00/06553759.pdf
+751,MM Rahman|S Rahman|EK Dey,"Gender recognition from facial images has become an empirical aspect in present world. It is
+one of the main problems of computer vision and researches have been conducting on it.
+Though several techniques have been proposed, most of the techniques focused on facial …",5577811127869844444,10,[PDF] A gender recognition approach with an embedded preprocessing,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Mostafijur_Rahman3/publication/278330320_A_Gender_Recognition_Approach_with_an_Embedded_Preprocessing/links/557fb8e008ae26eada8f608c/A-Gender-Recognition-Approach-with-an-Embedded-Preprocessing.pdf
+752,H Fang,"In the past decade, a number of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods using an affinity
+graph have been developed for manifold learning. This paper explores a multilevel
+framework with the goal of reducing the cost of unsupervised manifold learning and …",7276644411980396421,11,Multilevel manifold learning with application to spectral clustering,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.189.2789&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+753,C Sagonas|Y Panagakis|S Zafeiriou,"Recently, it was shown that excellent results can be achieved in both face landmark
+localization and pose-invariant face recognition. These breakthroughs are attributed to the
+efforts of the community to manually annotate facial images in many different poses and to …",4649204357873696182,12,Face frontalization for Alignment and Recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.00852
+754,,"In recent years an explosion of online multimedia data has been witnessed. As an example,
+abundant photos recording every aspect of human life are available through social media.
+Among tremendous amount of photos, a significant fraction contains human faces. Faces are …",12566432163840785216,10,Scalable attribute-driven face image retrieval,
+755,EG Learned-Miller,"Joint alignment of a collection of functions is the process of independently transforming the
+functions so that they appear more similar to each other. Typically, such unsupervised
+alignment algorithms fail when presented with complex data sets arising from multiple …",781295607335826805,9,Unsupervised joint alignment and clustering using bayesian nonparametrics,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.4892
+756,A Tanoto,"Experiments are essential ingredients of science to compare, validate or refute theories,
+methodologies, hypotheses and approaches. However, in robotics, the comparison of
+methods using experiments is difficult because of the variety of robotic platforms and …",12431527176652908413,9,[PDF] The Teleworkbench-a platform for performing and comparing experiments in robot navigation,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andry_Tanoto/publication/235908469_The_Teleworkbench_-_A_Platform_for_Performing_and_Comparing_Experiments_in_Robot_Navigation/links/02bfe514064609eaab000000.pdf
+757,MA Borgi|D Labate|M El Arbi|CB Amar,"The major limitation in current facial recognition systems is that they do not perform very well
+in uncontrolled environments, that is, when faces present variations in pose, illumination,
+facial expressions and environment. This is a serious obstacle in applications such as law …",6383372754705708152,11,Sparse multi-stage regularized feature learning for robust face recognition,http://www.ifsulibrary.com/ejournal/uploads/file/pdf/20180423_014840.pdf
+758,,"The Gabor-based features have achieved excellent performances for face recognition on
+traditional face databases. However, on the recent LFW (Labeled Faces in the Wild) face
+database, Gabor-based features attract little attention due to their high computing complexity …",3520328077540330698,9,Histogram of Log-Gabor magnitude patterns for face recognition,
+759,J Zheng,"In this paper, we consider the robust face recognition problem via iterative re-constrained
+group sparse classifier (IRGSC) with adaptive weights learning. Specifically, we propose a
+group sparse representation classification (GSRC) approach in which weighted features and …",12077369473863983630,19,Iterative re-constrained group sparse face recognition with adaptive weights learning,
+760,GH Givens|JR Beveridge|YM Lui,"Face recognition involves at least three major concepts from statistics: dimension reduction,
+feature extraction, and prediction. A selective review of algorithms, from seminal to state‐of‐
+the‐art, explores how these concepts persist as organizing principles in the field. Algorithms …",11003002551745404329,10,Biometric face recognition: from classical statistics to future challenges,
+761,P Sharma|KV Arya,"A novel pose-invariant face recognition method is proposed by combining curvelet-invariant
+moments with curvelet neural network. First a special set of statistical coefficients using
+higher-order moments of curvelet are extracted as the feature vector and then the invariant …",183403617405773465,10,Pose-invariant face recognition using curvelet neural network,
+762,M Uricar|V Franc|V Hlavac,"In this paper we describe a tracker of facial landmarks submitted to the 300 Videos in the
+Wild (300-VW) challenge. Our tracker is a straightforward extension of a well tuned tree-
+based DPM landmark detector originally developed for static images. The tracker is obtained …",1905478520125474096,14,Facial landmark tracking by tree-based deformable part model based detector,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w25/papers/Uricar_Facial_Landmark_Tracking_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+763,M Ibrahim|MIA Efat,"Face recognition and verification algorithms use a variety of features that describe a face.
+Many of them are affected by the change of illumination and intensity fluctuation due to
+noise. Inspired by the properties of human visual system, a dynamic local ternary pattern has …",13991630728643314757,10,[PDF] Dynamic local ternary pattern for face recognition and verification,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Efat/publication/304083734_Dynamic_Local_Ternary_Pattern_for_Face_Recognition_and_Verification/links/5765d00108ae421c4489d53f/Dynamic-Local-Ternary-Pattern-for-Face-Recognition-and-Verification.pdf
+764,R Poppe,"Automatically naming faces in online social networks enables us to search for photos and
+build user face models. We consider two common weakly supervised settings where:(1)
+users are linked to photos, not to faces and (2) photos are not labeled but part of a user's …",2245838439100912914,10,Facing scalability: Naming faces in an online social network,
+765,W Zhang|LI Hongliang|KN Ngan,"In this paper, we present a hybrid human recognition system for surveillance. A Cascade
+Head–Shoulder Detector (CHSD) with human body model is proposed to find the face
+region in a surveillance video frame image. The CHSD is a chain of rejecters which …",10391157363822064347,10,Hybrid human detection and recognition in surveillance,http://www.ee.cuhk.edu.hk/~knngan/2016/NC_v194_p10-23.pdf
+766,AA Shafie,"Gabor Wavelets (GW) have been extensively used for facial feature representation due to its
+inherent multi-resolution and multi-orientation characteristics. In this work we extend the
+work on Local Gabor Feature Vector (LGFV) and propose a new face recognition method …",1982632634138605613,11,Recognizing faces with normalized local Gabor features and spiking neuron patterns,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fadhlan_Zaman/publication/285759105_Recognizing_Faces_with_Normalized_Local_Gabor_Features_and_Spiking_Neuron_Patterns/links/56bbd83608ae3f9793155506/Recognizing-Faces-with-Normalized-Local-Gabor-Features-and-Spiking-Neuron-Patterns.pdf
+767,W Scheirer,"Blur due to motion and atmospheric turbulence is a variable that impacts the accuracy of
+computer vision-based face recognition techniques. However, in images captured in the
+wild, such variables can hardly be avoided, requiring methods to account for these …",3298076216686814808,10,Single image deblurring for a real-time face recognition system,https://www.wjscheirer.com/papers/wjs_iecon2010_deblurring.pdf
+768,M Günther|L El Shafey|S Marcel,"One important type of biometric authentication is face recognition, a research area of high
+popularity with a wide spectrum of approaches that have been proposed in the last few
+decades. The majority of existing approaches are conceived for or evaluated on constrained …",4310177533361515608,9,Face recognition in challenging environments: An experimental and reproducible research survey,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/217475/files/Gunther_SPRINGER_2016.pdf
+769,V Kumar|AM Namboodiri,"We consider the problem of automatic identification of faces in videos such as movies, given
+a dictionary of known faces from a public or an alternate database. This has applications in
+video indexing, content based search, surveillance, and real time recognition on wearable …",13710467889248915415,10,Face recognition in videos by label propagation,http://web2py.iiit.ac.in/research_centres/publications/download/inproceedings.pdf.8a064584725adb9f.56696a617932303134466163652e706466.pdf
+770,SMS Islam|S Rahman|MM Rahman,"Deep learning is a new era of machine learning research, where many layers of information
+processing stages are exploited for unsupervised feature learning. Using multiple levels of
+representation and abstraction, it helps a machine to understand about data (eg, images …",10930002484134902025,9,Application of deep learning to computer vision: A comprehensive study,
+771,C Lu|X Tang,"When face images are taken in the wild, the large variations in facial pose, illumination, and
+expression make face recognition challenging. The most fundamental problem for face
+recognition is to measure the similarity between faces. The traditional measurements such …",15466092886311961526,9,Face recognition using face patch networks,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Lu_Face_Recognition_Using_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+772,W Deng,"Face recognition under variable pose and lighting is still one of the most challenging
+problems, despite the great progress achieved in unconstrained face recognition in recent
+years. Pose variation is essentially a misalignment problem together with invisible region …",16317854428679675296,13,Lighting-aware face frontalization for unconstrained face recognition,http://whdeng.cn/papers/whdeng_pr5.pdf
+773,R Aly|K McGuinness|S Chen|NE O'Connor,"The AXES project participated in the interactive instance search task (INS), the known-item
+search task (KIS), and the multimedia event detection task (MED) for TRECVid 2012. As in
+our TRECVid 2011 system, we used nearly identical search systems and user interfaces for …",17534282698503435445,9,"AXES at TRECVID 2012: KIS, INS, and MED",http://doras.dcu.ie/17860/1/axes.pdf
+774,J Hu|J Lu|YP Tan|J Yuan,"Metric learning has attracted wide attention in face and kinship verification, and a number of
+such algorithms have been presented over the past few years. However, most existing
+metric learning methods learn only one Mahalanobis distance metric from a single feature …",4945867561330475696,9,Local large-margin multi-metric learning for face and kinship verification,
+775,H Wang,"In this paper, we propose a precise and fast eye center localization method. The method is
+based on SDM [1] algorithm, which has achieved impressive performance in face alignment
+area. In this work, we further improve the basic SDM algorithm in two aspects: 1) employ the …",17257699440771604248,15,Precise eye localization with improved sdm,
+776,MF Moens|T Tuytelaars,"In this paper we report on our experiments on linking names and faces as found in images
+and captions of online news websites. Whereas previously, the focus has been mostly on
+assigning names to the faces, we generalize this framework, exploiting the (a) symmetry …",8535932476897205772,10,Linking names and faces: Seeing the problem in different ways,
+777,E Vazquez-Fernandez|D Gonzalez-Jimenez,"Precise eye localisation is a crucial step for many applications, including face recognition,
+gaze tracking and blink detection. In this study, the authors propose several improvements to
+the original average of synthetic exact filters (ASEF) formulation, demonstrating that its …",10356819918494723026,9,Improved average of synthetic exact filters for precise eye localisation under realistic conditions,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Esteban_Vazquez-Fernandez/publication/236954283_Improved_average_of_synthetic_exact_filters_for_precise_eye_localisation_under_realistic_conditions/links/0c96053208fa6b4be1000000.pdf
+778,A Kae|B Marlin|E Learned-Miller,"We propose a novel discriminative model for semantic labeling in videos by incorporating a
+prior to model both the shape and temporal dependencies of an object in video. A typical
+approach for this task is the conditional random field (CRF), which can model local …",7096576412384974340,11,The shape-time random field for semantic video labeling,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2014/papers/Kae_The_Shape-Time_Random_2014_CVPR_paper.pdf
+779,HS Bhatt|R Singh|M Vatsa,"Face recognition has found several applications ranging from cross border security,
+surveillance, access control, multimedia to forensics. Face recognition under variations due
+to pose, illumination, and expression has been extensively studied in literature and several …",15769108345095968007,10,Covariates of face recognition,https://repository.iiitd.edu.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/214/IIITD-TR-2015-002.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
+780,C Sanderson|MT Harandi|Y Wong,"In contrast to comparing faces via single exemplars, matching sets of face images increases
+robustness and discrimination performance. Recent image set matching approaches
+typically measure similarities between subspaces or manifolds, while representing faces in a …",7760743832997447185,10,Combined learning of salient local descriptors and distance metrics for image set face verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.2783
+781,W Shen|X Shi,"ABSTRACT Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) has been widely used in appearance-based
+face recognition. However, it requires lots of training samples for each person with respect to
+the large dimensionality of the image space, which is difficult to collect in reality. To …",12522003857056022172,10,Ensemble of randomized linear discriminant analysis for face recognition with single sample per person,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/fg/2013/5545/00/06553755.pdf
+782,MR Mahmoodi|SM Sayedi,"Skin detection plays a very essential role in many image processing applications such as
+face localization, face recognition, gesture recognition and human identification. A robust
+pre-processing skin detection algorithm can significantly increase the performance of an …",11551896334050065053,9,Boosting performance of face detection by using an efficient skin segmentation algorithm,
+783,Y Yi|J Wang|J Kong,"In this paper, a novel algorithm named Semi-supervised Local Ridge Regression (SSLRR)
+is proposed for local matching based face recognition. Compared with other algorithms, the
+proposed algorithm possesses two advantages. Firstly, SSLRR utilizes a multiple graph …",12942193543129694380,12,Semi-supervised local ridge regression for local matching based face recognition,
+784,X Gu,"Abstract Slow Feature Discriminant Analysis (SFDA) is a supervised feature extraction
+method for classification inspired by biological mechanism. However, SFDA only considers
+the local geometrical structure information of data and ignores the global geometrical …",15309990076991688069,12,Uncorrelated slow feature discriminant analysis using globality preserving projections for feature extraction,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/337283/1/1000014031945.pdf
+785,F Noroozi|A Njegus,"In this paper is presented a novel multimodal emotion recognition system which is based on
+the analysis of audio and visual cues. MFCC-based features are extracted from the audio
+channel and facial landmark geometric relations are computed from visual data. Both sets of …",2990171392581372961,11,Fusion of classifier predictions for audio-visual emotion recognition,
+786,G Qian,"MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The
+MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book's
+use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute …",7925374967953335082,12,[BOOK] Intelligent video surveillance: systems and technology,
+787,,"针对传统高斯肤色模型在肤色和光照变化较大情况下不能有效提取肤色区域的问题,
+提出一种改进的高斯肤色模型, 并将其应用于人脸检测中. 模型参数采用一种自适应更新的参数
+选择方法, 通过对相似度人脸和灰度人脸在对应像素点加权相乘的方式, 得到将肤色相似度信息 …",11882678407509451825,24,改进的高斯肤色模型及其在人脸检测中的应用,
+788,S Singh,"In today's world of automation, real time face detection with high performance is becoming
+necessary for a wide number of computer vision and image processing applications.
+Existing software based system for face detection uses the state of the art Viola and Jones …",13567475618557111891,10,Analyzing impact of image scaling algorithms on viola-jones face detection framework,http://ceeri.csircentral.net/246/1/9_2015%284%29.pdf
+789,H Zheng|Y Liu|M Ji|L Fang,"This paper proposes a convolutional neural network that can fuse high-level prior for
+semantic image segmentation. Motivated by humans' vision recognition system, our key
+design is a three-layer generative structure consisting of high-level coding, middle-level …",17217826219628334704,8,Learning high-level prior with convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06988
+790,M Shao|S Xia|Y Fu,"This chapter studies the problem of identifying people in group pictures. That is, determining
+from a gallery of people who appear in a given picture. This is a well-studied problem that is
+becoming increasingly important given the recent explosion in usage of social networks. In …",5608131148736545731,12,Identity and kinship relations in group pictures,
+791,C Peng|X Gao|N Wang,"Due to the great texture discrepancies between photos and sketches, matching face
+sketches against mug shot photos is a challenging yet important topic in face recognition
+community, with potential applications in law enforcement and security. Despite the great …",8324114526705021540,8,"Face recognition from multiple stylistic sketches: Scenarios, datasets, and evaluation",
+792,H Wang|B Kang|D Kim,"To train and evaluate various face recognition algorithms, quite many databases have been
+created. But most of them have been created under controlled conditions to study the
+specific variations of the face recognition problem. These variations include position, pose …",10955678230689873824,9,PFW: A face database in the wild for studying face identification and verification in uncontrolled environment,
+793,MF Karaaba|O Surinta|LRB Schomaker,"Face identification under small sample conditions is currently an active research area. In a
+case of very few reference samples, optimally exploiting the training data to make a model
+which has a low generalization error is an important challenge to create a robust face …",7315706907803797135,10,[PDF] Robust Face Identification with Small Sample Sizes using Bag of Words and Histogram of Oriented Gradients.,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahir_Karaaba/publication/296704058_Robust_Face_Identification_with_Small_Sample_Sizes_using_Bag_of_Words_and_Histogram_of_Oriented_Gradients/links/578fa02d08ae64311c0c70e3/Robust-Face-Identification-with-Small-Sample-Sizes-using-Bag-of-Words-and-Histogram-of-Oriented-Gradients.pdf
+794,S Schönborn|B Egger|A Morel-Forster,"We present a novel fully probabilistic method to interpret a single face image with the 3D
+Morphable Model. The new method is based on Bayesian inference and makes use of
+unreliable image-based information. Rather than searching a single optimal solution, we …",8170989274749340187,15,Markov chain monte carlo for automated face image analysis,https://edoc.unibas.ch/59207/1/20180118120806_5a6080164e8f2.pdf
+795,Z Li|L Cao|S Chang|JR Smith,"People verification is a challenging and important task which finds many applications in
+modern surveillance and video retrieval systems. In this problem, metric learning
+approaches have played an important role by trying to bridge the semantic gap between …",12819845873039623176,9,Beyond mahalanobis distance: Learning second-order discriminant function for people verification,
+796,SE Bekhouche|A Ouafi|F Dornaika,"We present a novel learning system for human demographic estimation in which the
+ethnicity, gender and age attributes are estimated from facial images. The proposed
+approach consists of the following three main stages: 1) face alignment and preprocessing; …",14713255095709326851,14,Pyramid multi-level features for facial demographic estimation,http://salah.bekhouche.com/publications/journal-articles/eswa2017.pdf
+797,S Saxena|J Verbeek,"Mahalanobis metric learning amounts to learning a linear data projection, after which the L2
+metric is used to compute distances. To allow more flexible metrics, not restricted to linear
+projections, local metric learning techniques have been developed. Most of these methods …",11007444265048615830,11,Coordinated local metric learning,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015_workshops/w11/papers/Saxena_Coordinated_Local_Metric_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+798,V Mirjalili|S Raschka|A Namboodiri,"In this paper, we design and evaluate a convolutional autoencoder that perturbs an input
+face image to impart privacy to a subject. Specifically, the proposed autoencoder transforms
+an input face image such that the transformed image can be successfully used for face …",15707463497258848910,8,Semi-adversarial networks: Convolutional autoencoders for imparting privacy to face images,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.00321
+799,D Xie|L Zhang|L Bai,"Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning, which aims to learn a hierarchy of features
+from input data. Nowadays, researchers have intensively investigated deep learning
+algorithms for solving challenging problems in many areas such as image classification …",15328430628153380223,16,Deep learning in visual computing and signal processing,http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2017/1320780.pdf
+800,N Correia|R Jesus,"Augmented reality games have the power to extend virtual gaming into real world scenarios
+with real people, while enhancing the senses of the user. This paper describes the AR-
+Zombie game developed with the aim of studying and developing mobile augmented reality …",17008894968508976335,12,ARZombie: A mobile augmented reality game with multimodal interaction,
+801,L Zhang|KT Ma|H Nejati|T Sim,"Identical twins pose a great challenge to face recognition due to high similarities in their
+appearances. Motivated by the psychological findings that facial motion contains identity
+signatures and the observation that twins may look alike but behave differently, we develop …",3242689349301730507,8,A talking profile to distinguish identical twins,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/fg/2013/5545/00/06553700.pdf
+802,J Ylioinas|A Hadid|J Kannala,"Automatic face recognition in unconstrained conditions is a difficult task which has recently
+attained increasing attention. In this domain, face verification methods have significantly
+improved since the release of the Labeled Faces in the Wild database, but the related …",2506044239895304980,8,An in-depth examination of local binary descriptors in unconstrained face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.704.4313&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+803,A Iosifidis|M Gabbouj,"In this paper, a novel approximate solution of the criterion used in non-linear class-specific
+discriminant subspace learning is proposed. We build on the Class-Specific Kernel Spectral
+Regression method which is a two-step process formed by an eigenanalysis step and a …",7267332095397073349,12,Scaling Up Class-Specific Kernel Discriminant Analysis for Large-Scale Face Verification.,http://www.projectsgoal.com/download_projects/information-forensic/information-forensic-projects-GFA00013.pdf
+804,V Struc|J Krizaj|S Dobrisek,"The facial imagery usually at the disposal for forensics investigations is commonly of a poor
+quality due to the unconstrained settings in which it was acquired. The captured faces are
+typically non-frontal, partially occluded and of a low resolution, which makes the recognition …",10527309781864459332,8,MODEST face recognition,
+805,YS El-Din|MN Moustafa|H Mahdi,"Existing methods for gender classification from facial images mostly rely on either shape or
+texture cues. This paper presents a novel face representation that combines both shape and
+texture information for gender classification. We propose extracting the Scale Invariant …",11074762595667554291,9,Landmarks-SIFT face representation for gender classification,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-41184-7_34.pdf
+806,S Moschoglou|A Papaioannou,"Over the last few years, increased interest has arisen with respect to age-related tasks in the
+Computer Vision community. As a result, several “in-the-wild” databases annotated with
+respect to the age attribute became available in the literature. Nevertheless, one major …",550458098928839464,15,"[PDF] Agedb: the first manually collected, in-the-wild age database",http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017_workshops/w33/papers/Moschoglou_AgeDB_The_First_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+807,K Hsieh|G Ananthanarayanan|P Bodik,"Large volumes of videos are continuously recorded from cameras deployed for traffic control
+and surveillance with the goal of answering “after the fact” queries: identify video frames with
+objects of certain classes (cars, bags) from many days of recorded video. Current systems …",3588224004408645025,8,Focus: Querying large video datasets with low latency and low cost,https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi18-hsieh.pdf
+808,D Turcsany|A Bargiela|T Maul,"Automatic extraction of distinctive features from a visual information stream is challenging
+due to the large amount of information contained in most image data. In recent years deep
+neural networks (DNNs) have gained outstanding popularity for solving visual information …",17351109038409917213,11,Local receptive field constrained deep networks,http://www.intelligentmodelling.org.uk/papers/a56.pdf
+809,J Lin|Y Rao|J Lu,"In this paper, we propose a Runtime Neural Pruning (RNP) framework which prunes the
+deep neural network dynamically at the runtime. Unlike existing neural pruning methods
+which produce a fixed pruned model for deployment, our method preserves the full ability of …",16204348063310583286,31,Runtime neural pruning,http://papers.nips.cc/paper/6813-runtime-neural-pruning.pdf
+810,HK Ekenel,"In previous research on gender classification and age estimation did not use a standardised
+evaluation procedure. This makes comparison the different ap- proaches difficult. Thus we propose
+here a benchmarking and evaluation protocol for gender classification as well as age estimation …",9636905475012050929,9,[PDF] Draft: evaluation guidelines for gender classification and age estimation,https://cvhci.anthropomatik.kit.edu/download/befit-evaluation_guidelines.pdf
+811,V Štruc|JŽ Gros,"The alignment of the facial region with a predefined canonical form is one of the most crucial
+steps in a face recognition system. Most of the existing alignment techniques rely on the
+position of the eyes and, hence, require an efficient and reliable eye localization procedure …",4422392888008716401,8,Principal directions of synthetic exact filters for robust real-time eye localization,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vitomir_Struc/publication/225625270_Principal_Directions_of_Synthetic_Exact_Filters_for_Robust_Real-Time_Eye_Localization/links/0c960522623bf01d32000000.pdf
+812,B Xiao|X Gao|D Tao|X Li,"Face recognition is one of the biometric identification methods with the highest potential. The
+existing face recognition algorithms relying on the texture information of face images are
+affected greatly by the variation of expression, scale and illumination. Whereas the …",12684334163495183873,8,Biview face recognition in the shape–texture domain,
+813,SE Ebadi|E Izquierdo,"The research reported in this paper addresses the fundamental task of separation of locally
+moving or deforming image areas from a static or globally moving background. It builds on
+the latest developments in the field of robust principal component analysis, specifically, the …",7701763184963544087,9,Approximated robust principal component analysis for improved general scene background subtraction,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.05875
+814,Y Xu,"In recent years, deep networks has achieved outstanding performance in computer vision,
+especially in the field of face recognition. In terms of the performance for a face recognition
+model based on deep network, there are two main closely related factors: 1) the structure of …",15715043953023528325,18,[HTML] Face recognition using both visible light image and near-infrared image and a deep network,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468232217300148
+815,G Mesnil|A Bordes|J Weston|G Chechik|Y Bengio,"Recently, large scale image annotation datasets have been collected with millions of images
+and thousands of possible annotations. Latent variable models, or embedding methods, that
+simultaneously learn semantic representations of object labels and image representations …",15294880831709826639,9,Learning semantic representations of objects and their parts,http://chechiklab.biu.ac.il/~gal/Papers/Mesnil_MachineLearning2013_objects_and_their_parts.pdf
+816,D Zhang,"Learning distance metrics for measuring the similarity between two data points in
+unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition has been widely studied in unconstrained
+face verification tasks. Motivated by the fact that enforcing single distance metric learning for …",7158139927414873663,8,Metricfusion: Generalized metric swarm learning for similarity measure,
+817,SJ Ruan,"This paper develops a hardware-efficient color segmentation algorithm that is especially
+suitable to implement on hardware for face detection. Since the modulized design is
+adopted in the proposed algorithm without floating-point operation, the computational cost is …",15895841013808794380,8,A hardware-efficient color segmentation algorithm for face detection,
+818,A Moeini|K Faez,"In this paper, a novel method is proposed for unconstrained pose-invariant face recognition
+from only an image in a gallery. A 3D face is initially reconstructed using only a 2D frontal
+image. Then, for each person in the gallery, a Triplet Collaborative Dictionary Matrix (TCDM) …",8142997214317111442,9,Unconstrained pose-invariant face recognition by a triplet collaborative dictionary matrix,
+819,P Martins|JF Henriques,"This paper presents a novel Bayesian formulation for aligning faces in unseen images. Our
+approach revisits the Constrained Local Models (CLM) formulation where an ensemble of
+local feature detectors are constrained to lie within the subspace spanned by a Point …",10274722610213521449,11,Bayesian constrained local models revisited,
+820,A Ahrary,"In this paper, we propose a novel approach for presenting the local features of digital image
+using 1D Local Patterns by Multi-Scans (1DLPMS). We also consider the extentions and
+simplifications of the proposed approach into facial images analysis. The proposed …",16476967698593734598,8,Image description with local patterns: An application to face recognition,https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transinf/E95.D/5/E95.D_5_1494/_pdf
+821,M Uřičář|V Franc|V Hlaváč,"We propose a principled approach to supervised learning of facial landmarks detector
+based on the Deformable Part Models (DPM). We treat the task of landmarks detection as an
+instance of the structured output classification. To learn the parameters of the detector we …",13554475399808268665,8,Facial landmarks detector learned by the structured output svm,ftp://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/pub/cvl/articles/uricar/UricarFrancHlavac-LNCS13.pdf
+822,J Ylioinas|X Hong|M Pietikäinen,"In this paper we propose a novel method for constructing Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
+statistics for image appearance description. The method is inspired by the kernel density
+estimation designed for estimating the underlying probability function of a random variable …",13239107891278482003,9,Constructing local binary pattern statistics by soft voting,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-38886-6_12.pdf
+823,LL Presti|M La Cascia,"Due to the widespread use of cameras, it is very common to collect thousands of personal
+photos. A proper organization is needed to make the collection usable and to enable an
+easy photo retrieval. In this paper, we present a method to organize personal photo …",13939539099337935615,9,An on-line learning method for face association in personal photo collection,http://www.academia.edu/download/44648852/An_On-line_Learning_Method_for_Face_Asso20160412-30358-60km8p.pdf
+824,A Lupp,"The main goal in our experimental study was to explore the impact of image compression on
+face detection using Haar-like features. In our setup we used the JPEG, JPEG2000 and
+JPEG XR compression standards to compress images from selected databases at given …",4472369858191697079,9,Exploring compression impact on face detection using haar-like features,http://wavelab.at/papers/Elmer15a.pdf
+825,A Yu|K Grauman,"Distinguishing subtle differences in attributes is valuable, yet learning to make visual
+comparisons remains nontrivial. Not only is the number of possible comparisons quadratic in
+the number of training images, but also access to images adequately spanning the space of …",7427952723952705219,20,[PDF] Semantic jitter: Dense supervision for visual comparisons via synthetic images,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Yu_Semantic_Jitter_Dense_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+826,Y Sun|Z Sun,"Biometrics is the technique of automatically recognizing individuals based on their biological
+or behavioral characteristics. Various biometric traits have been introduced and widely
+investigated, including fingerprint, iris, face, voice, palmprint, gait and so forth. Apart from …",2764261411898738543,14,"Demographic analysis from biometric data: Achievements, challenges, and new frontiers",
+827,J Huang|Q Qiu|G Sapiro,"This paper proposes a framework for learning features that are robust to data variation,
+which is particularly important when only a limited number of trainingsamples are available.
+The framework makes it possible to tradeoff the discriminative value of learned features …",7720014550433923256,8,Discriminative robust transformation learning,https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5975-discriminative-robust-transformation-learning.pdf
+828,J Zhu|C Cai,"In this paper, a face detector based on Gentle AdaBoost algorithm and nesting cascade
+structure is proposed. Nesting cascade structure is introduced to avoid that too many weak
+classifiers in a cascade classifier will slow down the face detection speed of this cascade …",5611411639357459789,8,Real-time face detection using gentle AdaBoost algorithm and nesting cascade structure,
+829,G Sharma|F Jurie,"We propose a new image representation for texture categorization and facial analysis,
+relying on the use of higher-order local differential statistics as features. It has been recently
+shown that small local pixel pattern distributions can be highly discriminative while being …",16375095739192457310,11,Local higher-order statistics (LHS) describing images with statistics of local non-binarized pixel patterns,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.00542
+830,H Gao|HK Ekenel|R Stiefelhagen,"In this work, we exploit the regression trees-based ranking model, which has been
+successfully applied in the domain of web-search ranking, to build appearance models for
+face alignment. The model is an ensemble of regression trees which is learned with gradient …",1357315956925011082,9,[PDF] Face Alignment Using a Ranking Model based on Regression Trees.,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1b62/6c14544f249cd52ef86a4efc17f3d3834003.pdf
+831,A Ganesh|J Wright,"In this chapter, we present a comprehensive framework for tackling the classical problem of
+face recognition, based on theory and algorithms from sparse representation. Despite
+intense interest in the past several decades, traditional pattern recognition theory still stops …",6357074072041966491,9,[PDF] Face recognition by sparse representation,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ad9e/cacca5c28b098096ad0cbd81fe84405924e3.pdf
+832,J Wang|B Amos|A Das|N Sadeh,"We present OpenFace, our new open-source face recognition system that approaches state-
+of-the-art accuracy. Integrating OpenFace with inter-frame tracking, we build RTFace, a
+mechanism for denaturing video streams that selectively blurs faces according to specified …",2190631323236051270,21,A scalable and privacy-aware IoT service for live video analytics,https://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3083192&type=pdf
+833,Y Duan|J Lu|J Feng,"In this paper, we propose a rotation-invariant local binary descriptor (RI-LBD) learning
+method for visual recognition. Compared with hand-crafted local binary descriptors, such as
+local binary pattern and its variants, which require strong prior knowledge, local binary …",11662913860497279692,18,Learning rotation-invariant local binary descriptor,http://ivg.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/people/Yueqi_Duan/TIP17_Learning%20Rotation-Invariant%20Local%20Binary%20Descriptor.pdf
+834,M Kan|X Liu|Y Yang,"Abstract Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has led to significant progress in face
+recognition. Currently most CNN-based face recognition methods follow a two-step pipeline,
+ie a detected face is first aligned to a canonical one predefined by a mean face shape, and …",13111143692893595835,17,[PDF] Recursive spatial transformer (rest) for alignment-free face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Wu_Recursive_Spatial_Transformer_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+835,T Zhang,"Methods, systems, and computer readable media with executable instructions, and/or logic
+are provided for incremental image clustering. An example method for incremental image
+clustering can include identifying, via a computing device, a number of candidate nodes …",13806778964358182239,8,Incremental image clustering,https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/fd/49/a3/501051967c2e2a/US9239967.pdf
+836,K Scherbaum|J Petterson|RS Feris,"Face detection is an important task in computer vision and often serves as the first step for a
+variety of applications. State-of-the-art approaches use efficient learning algorithms and train
+on large amounts of manually labeled imagery. Acquiring appropriate training images …",17755714579463755750,7,Fast face detector training using tailored views,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2013/papers/Scherbaum_Fast_Face_Detector_2013_ICCV_paper.pdf
+837,K He|Y Fu|YG Jiang,"Deep neural networks have significantly improved the performance of face recognition and
+facial attribute prediction, which however are still very challenging on the million scale
+dataset, ie MegaFace. In this paper, we for the first time, advocate a multi-task deep neural …",1971079888246543321,9,Multi-task deep neural network for joint face recognition and facial attribute prediction,http://www.yugangjiang.info/publication/icmr17-face.pdf
+838,X Yu|J Huang|S Zhang|DN Metaxas,"This paper addresses the problem of facial landmark localization and tracking from a single
+camera. We present a two-stage cascaded deformable shape model to effectively and
+efficiently localize facial landmarks with large head pose variations. In initialization stage, we …",13407827634295010191,10,Face landmark fitting via optimized part mixtures and cascaded deformable model,
+839,,"This chapter describes the methods used to prepare images for further analysis, including
+interest point and feature extraction. Some of these methods are also useful for global and
+local feature description, particularly the metrics derived from transforms and basis spaces …",18057336603821374535,8,Image pre-processing,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cc43/a71e05cfc49ab0777b82ca94d181f779149f.pdf
+840,Ž Emeršič|D Štepec|V Štruc|P Peer,"In this paper we present the results of the Unconstrained Ear Recognition Challenge
+(UERC), a group benchmarking effort centered around the problem of person recognition
+from ear images captured in uncontrolled conditions. The goal of the challenge was to …",11383204824639289247,11,The unconstrained ear recognition challenge,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.06997
+841,R Satta|J Galbally,"One of the biggest challenges faced by law enforcement entities in the present digital era, is
+fighting against online Child Sexual Abuse (CSA), due in particular to the massive amount of
+data that they receive for analysis. Pattern recognition system can provide an aid, eg, to …",1731929379398814062,7,Children gender recognition under unconstrained conditions based on contextual information,https://pralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Satta_ICPR2014.pdf
+842,L Ni|H Huang|H Yu,"The recently emerging resistive random-access memory (RRAM) can provide nonvolatile
+memory storage but also intrinsic computing for matrix-vector multiplication, which is ideal
+for the low-power and high-throughput data analytics accelerator performed in memory …",16952710576375984409,11,Distributed in-memory computing on binary RRAM crossbar,https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/43796/Distributed%20In-Memory%20Computing%20on%20Binary%20RRAM%20Crossbar.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
+843,H Demirel|G Anbarjafari,"NAO humanoid robots are being used in many human-robot interaction applications. One of
+the important existing challenges is developing an accurate real-time face recognition
+system which does not require to have high computational cost. In this research work a real …",10654355514690417654,9,Real-time ensemble based face recognition system for NAO humanoids using local binary pattern,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gholamreza_Anbarjafari/publication/318163619_Real-time_ensemble_based_face_recognition_system_for_NAO_humanoids_using_local_binary_pattern/links/5a61d8334585158bca4a2032/Real-time-ensemble-based-face-recognition-system-for-NAO-humanoids-using-local-binary-pattern.pdf
+844,Z Wu|H Tao,"Improving the quality of image data through noise filtering has gained more attention for a
+long time. To date, many studies have been devoted to filter the noise inside the image,
+while few of them focus on filtering the instance-level noise among normal images. In this …",3841899035198739103,9,A novel noise filter based on interesting pattern mining for bag-of-features images,http://jselab.njue.edu.cn/download/journal/A%20Novel%20Noise%20Filter%20based%20on%20Interesting%20Pattern%20Mining%20for%20Bag-of-features%20Images.pdf
+845,Y Wang|Y Feng|H Liao|J Luo,"We study to what extend Chinese, Japanese and Korean faces can be classified and which
+facial attributes offer the most important cues. First, we propose a novel way of ob-taining
+large numbers of facial images with nationality la-bels. Then we train state-of-the-art neural …",6002629642344335326,7,"Do they all look the same? deciphering chinese, japanese and koreans by fine-grained deep learning",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.01854
+846,Y Liu|K Zhang,"Head pose estimation (HPE) is important in human–machine interfaces. However, various
+illumination, occlusion, low image resolution and wide scene make the estimation task
+difficult. Hence, a Dirichlet-tree distribution enhanced Random Forests approach (D-RF) is …",5291708496419383184,13,Robust head pose estimation using Dirichlet-tree distribution enhanced random forests,
+847,W Ni|NS Vu,"Entropy Congealing is an unsupervised joint image alignment method, in which the
+transformation parameters are obtained by minimizing a sum-of-entropy function. Our
+previous work presented a forward formulation of entropy Congealing to estimate all the …",10995423837146763856,7,Lucas–Kanade based entropy congealing for joint face alignment,
+848,F Siyahjani|R Almohsen,"Sparse representation and low-rank matrix decomposition approaches have been
+successfully applied to several computer vision problems. They build a generative
+representation of the data, which often requires complex training as well as testing to be …",9988671356851386529,7,A supervised low-rank method for learning invariant subspaces,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Siyahjani_A_Supervised_Low-Rank_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+849,AT Tran|T Hassner|I Masi|E Paz,"Existing single view, 3D face reconstruction methods can produce beautifully detailed 3D
+results, but typically only for near frontal, unobstructed viewpoints. We describe a system
+designed to provide detailed 3D reconstructions of faces viewed under extreme conditions …",10448321746264101474,7,[PDF] Extreme 3D Face Reconstruction: Seeing Through Occlusions,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dbce/d84d839165d9b494982449aa2eb9109b8467.pdf
+850,W Scheirer|TE Boult,"In this paper, we take a look at an enhanced approach for eye detection under difficult
+acquisition circumstances such as low-light, distance, pose variation, and blur. We present a
+novel correlation filter based eye detection pipeline that is specifically designed to reduce …",13292528387735326616,7,For your eyes only,https://www.wjscheirer.com/papers/wjs_wacv2012_eyes.pdf
+851,Y Yan|H Wang,"In this paper, an effective unconstrained correlation filter called Unconstrained Optimal
+Origin Tradeoff Filter (UOOTF) is presented and applied to robust face recognition.
+Compared with the conventional correlation filters in Class-dependence Feature Analysis …",13192438100553627127,7,An effective unconstrained correlation filter and its kernelization for face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07800
+852,J Bergstra|DD Cox,"One of the goals of the ICML workshop on representation and learning is to establish
+benchmark scores for a new data set of labeled facial expressions. This paper presents the
+performance of a"" Null"" model consisting of convolutions with random weights, PCA …",5821051615257541673,10,"Hyperparameter Optimization and Boosting for Classifying Facial Expressions: How good can a"" Null"" Model be?",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.3476
+853,KC Allen,"Automatic face recognition technologies have seen significant improvements in performance
+due to a combination of advances in deep learning and availability of larger data sets for
+training deep networks. Since recognizing faces is a task that humans are believed to be …",15984288412091426509,11,A comparison of human and automated face verification accuracy on unconstrained image sets,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w4/papers/Blanton_A_Comparison_of_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+854,E Ghaleb|M Tapaswi|Z Al-Halah|HK Ekenel,"Video face recognition is a very popular task and has come a long way. The primary
+challenges such as illumination, resolution and pose are well studied through multiple data
+sets. However there are no video-based data sets dedicated to study the effects of aging on …",3396865094554312873,8,Accio: A data set for face track retrieval in movies across age,http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~makarand/papers/ICMR2015.pdf
+855,F Alvarez,"Measuring customer reaction to new products for understanding their level of engagement is
+necessary for the future of retail. This work introduces a workflow to improve the quality and
+efficiency of the retail establishments in order to increase their attractiveness. Different …",4541604785335045488,10,Improving retail efficiency through sensing technologies: A survey,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcos_Quintana3/publication/304173361_Improving_retail_efficiency_through_sensing_technologies_A_survey/links/5ab81d2745851515f59f4913/Improving-retail-efficiency-through-sensing-technologies-A-survey.pdf
+856,RP Maheshwari|B Raman,"This paper presents a new feature extraction method, compass local binary pattern (CoLBP)
+for facial gender recognition. To achieve robustness, the proposed method first computes
+directional edge responses using eight Kirsch compass masks. Then, the spatial …",2077152873039373108,9,Compass local binary patterns for gender recognition of facial photographs and sketches,http://rendicahya.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2018/03/Compass-local-binary-patterns-for-gender-recognition-of-facial-photographs-and-sketches.pdf
+857,O Arandjelovic,"We are interested in identity-based retrieval of face sets from large unlabelled collections
+acquired in uncontrolled environments. Given a baseline algorithm for measuring the
+similarity of two face sets, the meta-algorithm introduced in this paper seeks to leverage the …",16054200820594368283,8,Learnt quasi-transitive similarity for retrieval from large collections of faces,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Arandjelovic_Learnt_Quasi-Transitive_Similarity_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+858,Y Nakatsukasa|T Soma,"For a given matrix subspace, how can we find a basis that consists of low-rank matrices?
+This is a generalization of the sparse vector problem. It turns out that when the subspace is
+spanned by rank-1 matrices, the matrices can be obtained by the tensor CP decomposition …",8649020884271469824,11,Finding a low-rank basis in a matrix subspace,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08601
+859,C Petitjean|L Heutte,"Manifold learning techniques have shown a great potential for computer vision problems;
+however, they do not extend easily to points different from the ones on which they were
+trained (out-of-sample). On the other hand, extreme learning machine (ELM) is a powerful …",8074081388007878022,8,Extreme learning machine for out-of-sample extension in Laplacian eigenmaps,
+860,Y Duan|J Lu|J Feng,"Metric learning has been widely used in many visual analysis applications, which learns
+new distance metrics to measure the similarities of samples effectively. Conventional metric
+learning methods learn a single linear Mahalanobis metric, yet such linear projections are …",12361472795508513058,7,Deep localized metric learning,http://ivg.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/people/Yueqi_Duan/TCSVT18_Deep%20Localized%20Metric%20Learning.pdf
+861,SB Dabhade|MM Kazi,"Biometrics is a system in which we used to recognise human on the basis of its physical or
+behavioural characteristics. Today all over the world every country wants security of data,
+physical access, etc. Face recognition is widely accepted technique in human being same …",3714838609477051143,8,[PDF] Face Recognition using Principle Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis: Comparative Study,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Siddharth_Dabhade/publication/317329296_Face_Recognition_using_PCA_and_LDA_Comparative_Study/data/59329e5baca272fc551457df/Face-Recognition-using-PCA-and-LDA-Comparative-Study.pdf
+862,S Ge,"Accurate eye localization plays a key role in many face analysis related applications. In this
+paper, we propose a novel statistic-based eye localization framework with a group of trained
+filter arrays called multi-channel correlation filter bank (MCCFB). Each filter array in the bank …",1221465289525876603,7,Learning multi-channel correlation filter bank for eye localization,
+863,P Samangouei|VM Patel|R Chellappa,"We present a method using facial attributes for continuous authentication of smartphone
+users. We train a bunch of binary attribute classifiers which provide compact visual
+descriptions of faces. The learned classifiers are applied to the image of the current user of a …",290203267624433130,17,Facial attributes for active authentication on mobile devices,
+864,P Martins|JF Henriques,"This paper addresses to the problem of aligning images in unseen faces. The Constrained
+Local Models (CLM) are popular methods that combine a set of local landmark detectors
+whose locations are constrained to lie in a subspace spanned by a linear shape model. The …",17861771957370095423,7,Likelihood-enhanced Bayesian constrained local models,http://home.isr.uc.pt/~pedromartins/Publications/pmartins_icip2014.pdf
+865,W Liu|Z Yu|Y Wen|M Yang,"Sparse coding with dictionary learning (DL) has shown excellent classification performance.
+Despite the considerable number of existing works, how to obtain features on top of which
+dictionaries can be better learned remains an open and interesting question. Many current …",3806502188705482965,8,Jointly learning non-negative projection and dictionary with discriminative graph constraints for classification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.04601
+866,CY Low|ABJ Teoh,"This paper devises a new means of filter diversification, dubbed multi-fold filter convolution
+(M-FFC), for face recognition. On the assumption that M-FFC receives single-scale Gabor
+filters of varying orientations as input, these filters are self-cross convolved by M-fold to …",4321050519291789737,7,"Multi-fold Gabor, PCA and ICA filter convolution descriptor for face recognition",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.07057
+867,MK Hasan|CJ Pal,"We present a novel method for face-recognition based on leveraging weak or noisily labeled
+data. We combine facial images from the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset with face
+images extracted from videos on YouTube and face images returned using a search engine …",10110152799215307530,9,Learning from weakly labeled faces and video in the wild,
+868,,"Abstract Recently, Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNNs) have shown outstanding
+performance in face recognition. However, the supervised training process of DCNN
+requires a large number of labeled samples which are expensive and time consuming to …",12937511439321278083,18,Data augmentation for face recognition,
+869,MC Yeh,"This work addresses the Huawei Grand Challenge that seeks solutions of quality
+improvement and functionality extension in computational photography. We propose virtual
+portraitist-a new method that helps users take good selfies in angle. Dissimilar to current …",6547354050172522697,8,Virtual portraitist: aesthetic evaluation of selfies based on angle,
+870,L Zheng|C Garcia,"This paper presents a new method for similarity metric learning, called Logistic Similarity
+Metric Learning (LSML), where the cost is formulated as the logistic loss function, which
+gives a probability estimation of a pair of faces being similar. Especially, we propose to shift …",2869441849446584672,10,Logistic similarity metric learning for face verification,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01158949/file/Liris-7045.pdf
+871,H Gao|HK Ekenel|M Fischer|R Stiefelhagen,"Face alignment using deformable face model has attracted broad interest in recent years for
+its wide range of applications in facial analysis. Previous work has shown that discriminative
+deformable models have better generalization capacity compared to generative models [8 …",3988413080735652819,9,[PDF] Boosting Pseudo Census Transform Features for Face Alignment.,http://i14s50.anthropomatik.kit.edu/download/publications/Gao-bmvc2011.pdf
+872,I Melekhov|J Kannala|E Rahtu,"Finding matching images across large datasets plays a key role in many computer vision
+applications such as structure-from-motion (SfM), multi-view 3D reconstruction, image
+retrieval, and image-based localisation. In this paper, we propose finding matching and non …",1856474199333363610,21,[PDF] Siamese network features for image matching,https://users.aalto.fi/~kannalj1/publications/icpr2016.pdf
+873,SE Ebadi|E Izquierdo,"This paper presents an approximated Robust Principal Component Analysis (ARPCA)
+framework for recovery of a set of linearly correlated images. Our algorithm seeks an optimal
+solution for decomposing a batch of realistic unaligned and corrupted images as the sum of …",8572608138875143724,12,Approximated RPCA for fast and efficient recovery of corrupted and linearly correlated images and video frames,https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/13008/ERFANIAN%20Approximated%20RPCA%20for%20Fast%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1
+874,CJ Parde|C Castillo|MQ Hill|YI Colon,"Face recognition algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have
+made progress on the task of recognizing faces in unconstrained viewing conditions. These
+networks operate with compact feature-based face representations derived from learning a …",16867580075101425120,9,Deep convolutional neural network features and the original image,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.01751
+875,N McLaughlin|D Crookes,"In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to face recognition which simultaneously
+tackles three combined challenges:(1) uneven illumination;(2) partial occlusion; and (3)
+limited training data. The new approach performs lighting normalization, occlusion de …",795773459492016543,9,Largest matching areas for illumination and occlusion robust face recognition,https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/27152645/largest.pdf
+876,K Allen|AK Jain|BF Klare,"As unconstrained face recognition datasets progress from containing faces that can be
+automatically detected by commodity face detectors to face imagery with full pose variations
+that must instead be manually localized, a significant amount of annotation effort is required …",67593928096661321,9,[PDF] Annotating Unconstrained Face Imagery: A scalable approach.,http://www.academia.edu/download/40972794/Taborsky_Annotating_Unconstrained_Face_Imagery_2015_ICB.pdf
+877,K Grm|V Štruc|HK Ekenel,"Convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches are the state of the art in various
+computer vision tasks including face recognition. Considerable research effort is currently
+being directed toward further improving CNNs by focusing on model architectures and …",135074023317001118,21,Strengths and weaknesses of deep learning models for face recognition against image degradations,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.01494
+878,S Shalev-Shwartz,"Deep learning requires data. A useful approach to obtain data is to be creative and mine
+data from various sources, that were created for different purposes. Unfortunately, this
+approach often leads to noisy labels. In this paper, we propose a meta algorithm for tackling …",14625023666792081100,17,"Decoupling"" when to update"" from"" how to update""",https://papers.nips.cc/paper/6697-decoupling-when-to-update-from-how-to-update.pdf
+879,P Martins|JF Henriques|J Batista,"This work presents a novel Bayesian formulation for aligning faces in unseen images. Our
+approach is closely related to Constrained Local Models (CLM) and Active Shape Models
+(ASM), where an ensemble of local feature detectors are constrained to lie within the …",8003467595817606536,7,[PDF] Let the Shape Speak-Discriminative Face Alignment using Conjugate Priors.,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.718.3861&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+880,Y Wang|YY Tang,"Representation-based classifiers (RCs) have attracted considerable attention in face
+recognition in recent years. However, most existing RCs use the mean square error (MSE)
+criterion as the cost function, which relies on the Gaussianity assumption of the error …",13664785325833946281,15,Robust face recognition via minimum error entropy-based atomic representation,http://or.nsfc.gov.cn/bitstream/00001903-5/337829/1/1000014130990.pdf
+881,N Dym|H Maron|Y Lipman,"Correspondence problems are often modelled as quadratic optimization problems over
+permutations. Common scalable methods for approximating solutions of these NP-hard
+problems are the spectral relaxation for non-convex energies and the doubly stochastic (DS) …",3636026205676277900,11,"DS++: A flexible, scalable and provably tight relaxation for matching problems",https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.06148
+882,M Hasnat,"A number of pattern recognition tasks,\textit {eg}, face verification, can be boiled down to
+classification or clustering of unit length directional feature vectors whose distance can be
+simply computed by their angle. In this paper, we propose the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) …",13993269866451809589,11,von Mises-Fisher Mixture Model-based Deep learning: Application to Face Verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.04264
+883,T Gass|H Ney,"We propose to use energy minimization in MRFs for matching-based image recognition
+tasks. To this end, the Tree-Reweighted Message Passing algorithm is modified by
+geometric constraints and efficiently used by exploiting the guaranteed monotonicity of the …",5385723658117269066,9,Constrained energy minimization for matching-based image recognition,http://www.quaero.org/media/files/bibliographie/gass.pdf
+884,L Pauly,"This paper presents a novel method for eye tracking and blink detection in the video frames
+obtained from low resolution consumer grade web cameras. It uses a method involving Haar
+based cascade classifier for eye tracking and a combination of HOG features with SVM …",9526241585213103172,10,A novel method for eye tracking and blink detection in video frames,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leo_Pauly/publication/285228445_A_Novel_Method_for_Eye_Tracking_and_Blink_Detection_in_video_frames/links/565c859408aeafc2aac70e9a.pdf
+885,M Ghorbani|AT Targhi,"Face recognition has been a long standing problem in computer vision. Histograms of
+Oriented Gradients (HOGs) and Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) have proven to be an effective
+descriptor for object recognition in general and face recognition in particular. In this paper …",8931710020020039585,12,HOG and LBP: Towards a robust face recognition system,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad_Mahdi_Dehshibi/publication/291514246_HOG_and_LBP_Towards_a_robust_face_recognition_system/links/56a3693f08ae1b6511305b88.pdf
+886,SL Fernandes,"Implementing computer vision applications on energy efficient and powerful single board
+computer devices is a hot topic of research. ODROID-XU4 is one such latest single board
+computing device which is extremely energy efficient and powerful, having a small form …",7498648259989783284,9,ODROID XU4 based implementation of decision level fusion approach for matching computer generated sketches,
+887,SMM Rahman,"This paper presents a statistical face recognition algorithm by expressing face images in
+terms of orthogonal two-dimensional Gaussian-Hermite moments (2D-GHMs). Motivation for
+developing 2D-GHM-based recognition algorithm includes the ability of these moments to …",6338537577200555703,7,[HTML] Bayesian face recognition using 2D Gaussian-Hermite moments,https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13640-015-0090-5
+888,M Buckler|S Jayasuriya|A Sampson,"Advancements in deep learning have ignited an explosion of research on efficient hardware
+for embedded computer vision. Hardware vision acceleration, however, does not address
+the cost of capturing and processing the image data that feeds these algorithms. We …",8710104495414163297,13,[PDF] Reconfiguring the imaging pipeline for computer vision,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Buckler_Reconfiguring_the_Imaging_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+889,ZH Tan,"The most fundamental problem of local feature based kinship verification methods is that a
+local feature can capture the variations of environmental conditions and the differences
+between two persons having a kin relation, which can significantly decrease the …",18396092377470763280,8,A feature subtraction method for image based kinship verification under uncontrolled environments,
+890,T Gerig|A Morel-Forster,"In this paper, we present a novel open-source pipeline for face registration based on
+Gaussian processes as well as an application to face image analysis. Non-rigid registration
+of faces is significant for many applications in computer vision, such as the construction of …",11900588764793275301,14,Morphable face models-an open framework,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.08398
+891,M De Marsico|M Nappi|D Riccio,"The quality of input samples is a crucial issue for both verification and identification biometric
+systems. Literature offers many interesting hints in some contexts, like fingerprint matching,
+but it is still deficient in others, like face matching. This paper proposes new quality indices …",1999591280944656654,8,Measuring measures for face sample quality,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Riccio/publication/254002919_Measuring_measures_for_face_sample_quality/links/5402f7160cf23d9765a56190/Measuring-measures-for-face-sample-quality.pdf
+892,JX Mi,"Recently linear representation provides an effective way for robust face recognition.
+However, the existing linear representation methods cannot make an adaptive adjustment in
+responding to the variations on facial image, so the generalization ability of these methods is …",17432035548722265087,11,Robust face recognition via sparse boosting representation,
+893,J Hu,"Discriminant analysis is an important technique for face recognition because it can extract
+discriminative features to classify different persons. However, most existing discriminant
+analysis methods fail to work for single-sample face recognition (SSFR) because there is …",4863416693104693409,12,Discriminative transfer learning with sparsity regularization for single-sample face recognition,
+894,M Günther|S Cruz|EM Rudd,"Much research has been conducted on both face identification and face verification, with
+greater focus on the latter. Research on face identification has mostly focused on using
+closed-set protocols, which assume that all probe images used in evaluation contain …",10479054830325373238,15,[PDF] Toward open-set face recognition,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017_workshops/w6/papers/Gunther_Toward_Open-Set_Face_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+895,AF Villan|JLC Candas|RU Fernandez,"According to estimates by the World Health Organization, about 285 million people suffer
+from some kind of visual disability, of whom 39 million are blind, resulting in 0.7% of the
+world population. Computer vision techniques and image analysis can help improve visually …",5973728355575159621,6,Face recognition and spoofing detection system adapted to visually-impaired people,http://www.revistaieeela.pea.usp.br/issues/vol14issue2Feb.2016/14TLA2_67FernandezVillan.pdf
+896,S Kim|HJ Kim,"This paper proposes a novel face recognition method that improves Huang's linear
+discriminant regression classification (LDRC) algorithm. The original work finds a
+discriminant subspace by maximizing the between-class reconstruction error and minimizing …",10255637662583446289,8,Linear collaborative discriminant regression classification for face recognition,
+897,X Yang|M Wang|D Tao,"Traditional metric learning methods usually make decisions based on a fixed threshold,
+which may result in a suboptimal metric when the inter-class and inner-class variations are
+complex. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an effective metric learning method …",17259842209800040105,7,[PDF] Empirical Risk Minimization for Metric Learning Using Privileged Information.,https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/16/Papers/323.pdf
+898,,"Eye pupil localization is an important part in computer vision applications such as face
+recognition, gaze estimation and so on. In this paper, we propose an improved method for
+precise and fast eye pupil localization. Based on gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) …",6252578862590682657,10,An accurate eye pupil localization approach based on adaptive gradient boosting decision tree,
+899,J Roth|X Liu,"We present an algorithm for identity verification using only information from the hair. Face
+recognition in the wild (ie, unconstrained settings) is highly useful in a variety of applications,
+but performance suffers due to many factors, eg, obscured face, lighting variation, extreme …",6597135943858075669,6,[PDF] On Hair Recognition in the Wild by Machine.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI14/paper/viewFile/8598/8636
+900,HX Pham,"We introduce a novel end-to-end real-time pose-robust 3D face tracking framework from
+RGBD videos, which is capable of tracking head pose and facial actions simultaneously in
+unconstrained environment without intervention or pre-calibration from a user. In particular …",1742283488662716658,9,"Robust real-time 3d face tracking from rgbd videos under extreme pose, depth, and expression variation",
+901,Y Cheng|J Zhao|Z Wang|Y Xu,"Low-shot face recognition is a very challenging yet important problem in computer vision.
+The feature representation of the gallery face sample is one key component in this problem.
+To this end, we propose an Enforced Softmax optimization approach built upon …",6983170353289331701,6,[PDF] Know You at One Glance: A Compact Vector Representation for Low-Shot Learning.,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017_workshops/papers/w27/Cheng_Know_You_at_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+902,V Govindaraju,"Cameras are becoming ubiquitous. Applications including video-based surveillance and
+emergency response exploit camera networks to detect anomalies in real time and reduce
+collateral damage. A well-known technique for detecting anomalies is spatio-temporal …",9094666156803728771,6,A distributed framework for spatio-temporal analysis on large-scale camera networks,https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/45502/GT-CS-12-10.pdf
+903,H Huttunen|K Chen|A Thakur,"This paper studies the prediction of head pose from still images, and summarizes the
+outcome of a recently organized competition, where the task was to predict the yaw and
+pitch angles of an image dataset with 2790 samples with known angles. The competition …",4885712684940014681,7,Computer vision for head pose estimation: review of a competition,http://www.cs.tut.fi/~hehu/HeadPose.pdf
+904,J Zhao|J Han|L Shao,"Recently considerable efforts have been dedicated to unconstrained face recognition, which
+requires to identify faces “in the wild” for a set of images and/or video frames captured
+without human intervention. Unlike traditional face recognition that compares one-to-one …",10939736347318661229,6,Unconstrained face recognition using a set-to-set distance measure on deep learned features,http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87886/4/07936556.pdf
+905,ML Smith|LN Smith,"This paper seeks to compare encoded features from both two-dimensional (2D) and three-
+dimensional (3D) face images in order to achieve automatic gender recognition with high
+accuracy and robustness. The Fisher vector encoding method is employed to produce 2D …",7326148540393508874,6,Gender recognition from facial images: two or three dimensions?,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/28147/1/Gender%20recognition%20from%20facial%20images%202D%20or%203D.pdf
+906,X Jiang|Y Pang|X Li,"Detecting humans, faces, and other objects is important for pose estimation, behaviour
+analysis, and recognition. Most of the existing detection methods exploit sliding-window
+technique that typically evaluates image patches at uniform grids, with constant pixel strides …",18202390586082133447,7,Flexible sliding windows with adaptive pixel strides,
+907,P Rai|P Khanna,"This work investigates a framework for gender classification which is invariant to
+illumination, expression, and noise. It utilizes 2D Gabor filter along with two-directional
+2DPCA. Gabor filter gives the real Gabor space which contains crucial face information and …",1204724218458255128,8,"An illumination, expression, and noise invariant gender classifier using two-directional 2DPCA on real Gabor space",
+908,MR Mahmoodi|SM Sayedi,"Face detection is one of the most important parts of biometrics and face analysis science.
+Numerous methods and algorithms have been developed in recent years; however, there is
+a sensible gap between the current detection rate and the ideal one yet. In this paper, a …",5042533069544667962,6,A face detector based on color and texture,
+909,RE Parr|X Liao|L Carin,"Feature construction is of vital importance in reinforcement learning, as the quality of a value
+function or policy is largely determined by the corresponding features. The recent successes
+of deep reinforcement learning (RL) only increase the importance of understanding feature …",18351227936220963481,10,Linear feature encoding for reinforcement learning,https://papers.nips.cc/paper/6305-linear-feature-encoding-for-reinforcement-learning.pdf
+910,C Xu|C Lu|J Gao,"To efficiently deal with the complex nonlinear variations of face images, a novel Lie group
+kernel is proposed in this work to address the facial analysis problems. Firstly, we present a
+linear dynamic model (LDM) based face representation to capture both the appearance and …",3914537738382705337,6,Facial Analysis With a Lie Group Kernel.,https://canyilu.github.io/publications/2015-TCSVT-Lie.pdf
+911,X Song|ZH Feng|G Hu|J Kittler,"The paper presents a dictionary integration algorithm using 3D morphable face models
+(3DMM) for pose-invariant collaborative-representation-based face classification. To this
+end, we first fit a 3DMM to the 2D face images of a dictionary to reconstruct the 3D shape …",15262270169726637505,10,Dictionary integration using 3D morphable face models for pose-invariant collaborative-representation-based classification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00284
+912,JM Saragih,"This chapter will review a particular approach to deformable face alignment coined
+constrained local models (CLM). The approach leverages the excellent generalisation
+properties of local appearance representations of parts and the strong global constraints …",10308973074068493659,6,Deformable face alignment via local measurements and global constraints,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3046/baea53360a8c5653f09f0a31581da384202e.pdf
+913,,"This chapter discusses several topics pertaining to ground truth data, the basis for computer
+vision metric analysis. We look at examples to illustrate the importance of ground truth data
+design and use, including manual and automated methods. We then propose a method and …",3602668141565396981,11,"Ground truth data, content, metrics, and analysis",
+914,X Xu|HA Le|P Dou|Y Wu,"A few well-developed face recognition pipelines have been reported in recent years. Most of
+the face-related work focuses on a specific module or demonstrates a research idea. In this
+paper, we present a pose-invariant 3D-aided 2D face recognition system (3D2D-PIFR) that …",6072241158151346022,9,Evaluation of a 3D-aided pose invariant 2D face recognition system,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xiang_Xu18/publication/320025136_Evaluation_of_a_3D-aided_Pose_Invariant_2D_Face_Recognition_System/links/59c99e7945851556e97a7204/Evaluation-of-a-3D-aided-Pose-Invariant-2D-Face-Recognition-System.pdf
+915,P Forczmański,"The paper presents a problem of recognition of facial portraits in the aspect of benchmark
+database quality. The aim of the work presented here was to analyse the potential of
+datasets published over the Internet and the predicted applicability of such data for the task …",5617057835574339619,6,Comparative analysis of benchmark datasets for face recognition algorithms verification,
+916,R Senthilkumar,"This paper describes in detail about important 2D and 3D face and video face databases.
+The face and video face databases discussed here includes: Indian Institute of Technology
+Kanpur (IIT-K) database, Makeup dataset, University of North Carolina Wilmington …",5211801626521654767,7,A detailed survey on 2D and 3D still face and face video databases part II,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramasamy_Gnanamurthy/publication/269310534_A_detailed_survey_on_2D_and_3D_still_face_and_face_video_databases_part_II/links/563db55308aec6f17dd83fe7.pdf
+917,I Sochenkov,"Face recognition is one of the most important tasks in computer vision and pattern
+recognition. Face recognition is useful for security systems to provide safety. In some
+situations it is necessary to identify the person among many others. In this case this work …",18254233380146801576,9,Effective indexing for face recognition,
+918,E Luz|G Moreira|D Menotti,"Usually, in the deep learning community, it is claimed that generalized representations that
+yielding outstanding performance/effectiveness require a huge amount of data for learning,
+which directly affect biometric applications. However, recent works combining transfer …",8721610297733474743,6,Deep periocular representation aiming video surveillance,
+919,MT Islam|C Greenwell,"While face analysis from images is a well-studied area, little work has explored the
+dependence of facial appearance on the geographic location from which the image was
+captured. To fill this gap, we constructed GeoFaces, a large dataset of geotagged face …",2415274838858798065,9,[HTML] Large-scale geo-facial image analysis,https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13640-015-0070-9
+920,F Bechet|G Damnati,"Person detection and recognition in videos is a hard problem due to the intrinsic ambiguities
+of the sound and image channels and their interaction. Whatever method is used to extract
+person hypotheses from the audio or the image channels, person recognition in videos …",16317416418121786721,6,Detecting person presence in tv shows with linguistic and structural features,
+921,TJ Neal|DL Woodard,"Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are frequently used for creation and
+transmission of private and sensitive messages and files. While personal identification
+numbers and passwords have been the standard for mobile device security, users tend to …",12926086988294560447,11,Surveying biometric authentication for mobile device security,http://jprr.org/index.php/jprr/article/viewFile/764/246
+922,ML Haurilet|M Tapaswi|Z Al-Halah,"Person identification in TV series has been a popular research topic over the last decade. In
+this area, most approaches either use manually annotated data or extract character
+supervision from a combination of subtitles and transcripts. However, both approaches have …",12224729720910716252,8,Naming TV characters by watching and analyzing dialogs,http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~makarand/papers/WACV2016.pdf
+923,S Balaban,"Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have established themselves as a dominant technique in
+machine learning. DNNs have been top performers on a wide variety of tasks including
+image classification, speech recognition, and face recognition. 1-3 Convolutional neural …",17681264668666191642,8,Deep learning and face recognition: the state of the art,
+924,M Mitchell,"Recent progress in deep learning has been accompanied by a growing concern for whether
+models are fair for users, with equally good performance across different demographics [26,
+17]. In computer vision research, such questions are relevant to face detection and the …",10815650366788295782,6,[PDF] InclusiveFaceNet: Improving Face Attribute Detection with Race and Gender Diversity,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/380d/d0ddd5d69adc52defc095570d1c22952f5cc.pdf
+925,RP Maheshwari|R Balasubramanian,"This paper presents multi-quantized local binary patterns for facial gender classification. For
+encoding the gray level difference (GLD) between a reference pixel and its neighbors, local
+binary pattern employs a binary quantization which retains the sign of GLD but discards the …",9564033795102166771,8,Multi-quantized local binary patterns for facial gender classification,http://rendicahya.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2018/03/Multi-quantized-local-binary-patterns-for-facial-gender-classification.pdf
+926,A Iosifidis|A Tefas|I Pitas,"In this paper, we propose a new regularization approach for Extreme Learning Machine-
+based Single-hidden Layer Feedforward Neural network training. We show that the
+proposed regularizer is able to weight the dimensions of the ELM space according to the …",6749855314491049635,7,Regularized Extreme Learning Machine for large-scale media content analysis,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915018220/pdf?md5=6176bccd9f1aa6263eda0ee84a4618b8&isDTMRedir=Y&pid=1-s2.0-S1877050915018220-main.pdf&_valck=1
+927,W Shi|Y Gong|X Tao|J Wang,"We propose a novel method for improving performance accuracies of convolutional neural
+network (CNN) without the need to increase the network complexity. We accomplish the goal
+by applying the proposed Min-Max objective to a layer below the output layer of a CNN …",159745306127139676,6,Improving CNN performance accuracies with min–max objective,
+928,C Seifert|A Balagopalan,"Abstract In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform the
+state-of-the-art in multiple areas, such as visual object recognition, genomics and speech
+recognition. Due to the distributed encodings of information, DNNs are hard to understand …",8151157144385757208,14,Visualizations of deep neural networks in computer vision: A survey,http://christinseifert.info/paper/Seifert_glassboxdm_vis-of-dnn-survey_preprint.pdf
+929,A Sapkota|TE Boult,"This paper addresses large scale, unconstrained, open set face recognition, which exhibits
+the properties of operational face recognition scenarios. Most of the existing face recognition
+databases have been designed under controlled conditions or have been constructed from …",15020045976832416118,8,Large scale unconstrained open set face database,
+930,J Wang|Y Yi,"Recently, Sparse Representation-based Classification (SRC) has attracted a lot of attention
+for its applications to various tasks, especially in biometric techniques such as face
+recognition. However, factors such as lighting, expression, pose and disguise variations in …",8519699835777154773,6,[HTML] Locality constrained joint dynamic sparse representation for local matching based face recognition,http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113198
+931,L Lenc|P Král,"This paper deals with automatic face recognition in the context of a real application for
+person identification developed for the Czech News Agency (TK). We focus on popular
+Local Binary Patterns (LPBs) that are frequently used in this field with high recognition …",3331710625940115775,8,Local binary pattern based face recognition with automatically detected fiducial points,https://content.iospress.com/download/integrated-computer-aided-engineering/ica506?id=integrated-computer-aided-engineering%2Fica506
+932,NH Barnouti|SSM Al-Dabbagh,"Face recognition have gained a great deal of popularity because of the wide range of
+applications such as in entertainment, smart cards, information security, law enforcement,
+and surveillance. It is a relevant subject in pattern recognition, computer vision, and image …",8697580875679199082,6,[PDF] Face recognition: A literature review,https://www.ijais.org/archives/volume11/number4/barnouti-2016-ijais-451597.pdf
+933,CF Benitez-Quiroz|PFU Gotardo,"Deformable shape detection is an important problem in computer vision and pattern
+recognition. However, standard detectors are typically limited to locating only a few salient
+landmarks such as landmarks near edges or areas of high contrast, often conveying …",17948862640930879954,8,Salient and non-salient fiducial detection using a probabilistic graphical model,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810992/
+934,MS Nixon,"Soft biometrics are attracting a lot of interest with the spread of surveillance systems, and the
+need to identify humans at distance and under adverse visual conditions. Comparative soft
+biometrics have shown a significantly better impact on identification performance compared …",7943595149500012484,7,Unconstrained human identification using comparative facial soft biometrics,https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397973/1/PID4351119.pdf
+935,C Corneanu|K Nasrollahi|O Nikisins,"Reliable facial recognition systems are of crucial importance in various applications from
+entertainment to security. Thanks to the deep-learning concepts introduced in the field, a
+significant improvement in the performance of the unimodal facial recognition systems has …",13681599456179746410,10,Improved RGB-DT based face recognition,http://vbn.aau.dk/files/230667133/IET_BMT_preprint.pdf
+936,C Gong|D Tao|K Fu,"Manifold learning is a powerful tool for solving nonlinear dimension reduction problems. By
+assuming that the high-dimensional data usually lie on a low-dimensional manifold, many
+algorithms have been proposed. However, most algorithms simply adopt the traditional …",6878671877002083495,7,[PDF] Signed Laplacian Embedding for Supervised Dimension Reduction.,http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI14/paper/download/8165/8819
+937,Y Zhou,"Ears have been discovered to have biometric importance for identifying people and/or
+verifying their identity. This is largely because of their complex inner shape structure, which
+is not only unique but also long-lasting regardless of ageing. In this paper, we make two …",7423051766227564985,8,Deformable models of ears in-the-wild for alignment and recognition,https://ibug.doc.ic.ac.uk/media/uploads/documents/fg2017earrecognitioninthewild.pdf
+938,N Pinto|DD Cox,"Many modern computer vision algorithms are built atop of a set of low-level feature
+operators (such as SIFT [23, 24]; HOG [8, 3]; or LBP [1, 2]) that transform raw pixel values
+into a representation better suited to subsequent processing and classification. While the …",15283606701359407599,6,High-throughput-derived biologically-inspired features for unconstrained face recognition,
+939,M Ye,"Face verification is still a difficult problem in badly uncontrolled conditions. Motivated by the
+observation that failure of facial image pair-matching is always caused by inconsistent visual
+conditions of both total face and face parts, we propose to train multiple classifiers on total …",13988475385094865199,6,Unconstrained face verification by optimally organizing multiple classifiers,
+940,G Van Horn|O Mac Aodha|Y Song,"Existing image classification datasets used in computer vision tend to have an even number
+of images for each object category. In contrast, the natural world is heavily imbalanced, as
+some species are more abundant and easier to photograph than others. To encourage …",8348853386186134148,14,The inaturalist challenge 2017 dataset,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.06642
+941,AJ O'Toole|CD Castillo|CJ Parde|MQ Hill,"Inspired by the primate visual system, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have
+made impressive progress on the complex problem of recognizing faces across variations of
+viewpoint, illumination, expression, and appearance. This generalized face recognition is a …",8192511835003591402,6,Face space representations in deep convolutional neural networks,https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(18)30146-3?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email
+942,R Marée|P Geurts|L Wehenkel,"This paper considers the general problem of image classification without using any prior
+knowledge about image classes. We study variants of a method based on supervised
+learning whose common steps are the extraction of random subwindows described by raw …",16997762105464491841,11,Towards generic image classification using tree-based learning: An extensive empirical study,https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/191267/2/maree-prletters2016-supplementary-tables.pdf
+943,W Deng,"Abstract Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is a highly efficient and accurate approach for
+facial landmark locating/face alignment. It learns a sequence of descent directions that
+minimize the difference between the estimated shape and the ground truth in HOG feature …",13052109318654586802,8,Extended supervised descent method for robust face alignment,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5c82/0e47981d21c9dddde8d2f8020146e600368f.pdf
+944,X Chen|B Bhanu,"In recent years, extensive efforts have been made for face recognition and retrieval systems.
+However, there remain several challenging tasks for face image retrieval in unconstrained
+databases where the face images were captured with varying poses, lighting conditions, etc …",10469342357475684486,6,Improving large-scale face image retrieval using multi-level features,http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~xchen010/papers/ICIP2013.pdf
+945,,"This thesis establishes a framework for facial feature detection and human face movement
+tracking. Statistical models of shape and appearance are built to represent the human face
+structure and interpret target images of human faces. The approach is a patch-based …",17228331785683790401,8,Facial feature detection and tracking with a 3d constrained local model,https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/2124/MengYuPhDThesis.pdf
+946,L Luo|L Chen|J Yang|J Qian,"Structured sparsity, as an extension of standard sparsity, has shown the outstanding
+performance when dealing with some highly correlated variables in computer vision and
+pattern recognition. However, the traditional mixed (L 1, L 2) or (L 1, L∞) group norm …",2274018494572920984,7,Tree-structured nuclear norm approximation with applications to robust face recognition,
+947,J Hu|J Lu|X Zhou|YP Tan,"Discriminant analysis is an important technique for face recognition because it can extract
+discriminative features to classify different persons. However, most existing discriminant
+analysis methods fail to work for single-sample face recognition (SSFR) because there is …",16958857274220645818,6,Discriminative transfer learning for single-sample face recognition,http://hujunlin.cn/papers/DTL_ICB15.pdf
+948,BC Lovell,"We propose a novel face image similarity measure based on Hausdorff distance (HD). In
+contrast to conventional HD-based measures, which are generally applied in the image
+space (such as edge maps or gradient images), the proposed HD-based similarity measure …",16306813554367711141,6,Feature space Hausdorff distance for face recognition,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian_Lovell2/publication/220928534_Feature_Space_Hausdorff_Distance_for_Face_Recognition/links/0fcfd50741a01a7c5f000000.pdf
+949,L Wolf,"A join is a set of manuscript-fragments that are known to originate from the same original
+work. The Cairo Genizah is a collection containing approximately 250,000 fragments of
+mainly Jewish texts discovered in the late 19th century. The fragments are today spread out …",401214416434962306,6,Automatically identifying join candidates in the Cairo Genizah,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.150.185&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+950,L Tian|Y Ming,"It is well known that higher level features can represent the abstract semantics of original
+data. We propose a multiple scales combined deep learning network to learn a set of high-
+level feature representations through each stage of convolutional neural network for face …",16719864953087888402,8,Multiple scales combined principle component analysis deep learning network for face recognition,
+951,A Bugeau|VT Ta,"This paper addresses an application that has not been much explored, the de-identification
+of faces with expressions preservation in images. With the huge amount of images and
+videos shared on the Internet, protecting the identity of people in the data becomes crucial …",7600198084172095349,12,Face de-identification with expressions preservation,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187654/document
+952,D White|PJ Phillips|AJ O'Toole,"Facial identification by forensic examiners is a core component of criminal investigations
+and convictions. These identifications are often done in challenging circumstances that
+require experts to match identity across images and videos taken at a various distances …",8695469084689194819,8,Human factors in forensic face identification,
+953,MH Marhaban|FZ Rokhani|K Samsudin,"Extreme learning machine (ELM) is an interesting algorithm for learning the hidden layer of
+single layer feed forward neural networks. However, one of the main shortcomings
+restricting further improvement of ELM is the complexity of singular value decomposition …",10430823652571849081,7,FASTA-ELM: a fast adaptive shrinkage/thresholding algorithm for extreme learning machine and its application to gender recognition,
+954,W Hwang|J Kim,"In this paper, we propose a novel unifying framework using a Markov network to learn the
+relationships among multiple classifiers. In face recognition, we assume that we have
+several complementary classifiers available, and assign observation nodes to the features of …",1072851236219076074,7,Markov network-based unified classifier for face recognition,
+955,K Stierhoff|J Zeng,"This article presents methods applied for automated detection of fish based on cascade
+classifiers of Haar-like features created using underwater images from a remotely operated
+vehicle under ocean survey conditions. The images are unconstrained, and the imaging …",11723963809224401802,9,Automated detection of rockfish in unconstrained underwater videos using Haar cascades and a new image dataset: labeled fishes in the wild,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kevin_Stierhoff/publication/282381656_Automated_Detection_of_Rockfish_in_Unconstrained_Underwater_Videos_Using_Haar_Cascades_and_a_New_Image_Dataset_Labeled_Fishes_in_the_Wild/links/58757c3c08ae6eb871c9b845.pdf
+956,,"Despite over 30 years of research, face recognition is still one of the most difficult problems
+in the field of Computer Vision. The challenge comes from many factors affecting the
+performance of a face recognition system: noisy input, training data collection, speed …",11332650605913776036,6,Linear subspace methods in face recognition,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12330/1/thesis_final.pdf
+957,A Nagar,"Automatic face recognition is prevalent in a wide range of systems these days and it is
+critical to explore new techniques in order to enhance the state of the art. In this paper, we
+analyze the Region Covariance Matrix (RCM) and its enhancement based on Sigma sets as …",12361121103841266205,6,Face recognition based on SIGMA sets of image features,
+958,S Albanie|A Vedaldi,"Differently from computer vision systems which require explicit supervision, humans can
+learn facial expressions by observing people in their environment. In this paper, we look at
+how similar capabilities could be developed in machine vision. As a starting point, we …",16423901583059044935,7,Learning grimaces by watching tv,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.02255
+959,F Shen|Y Yang|X Liu|J Shao,"Automatic face recognition has received significant performance improvement by
+developing specialized facial image representations. On the other hand, spatial pyramid
+pooling of features encoded by an over-complete dictionary has been the key component of …",3122810548112000028,7,Face identification with second-order pooling in single-layer networks,
+960,J Huang|Q Qiu|R Calderbank,"Many recent efforts have been devoted to designing sophisticated deep learning structures,
+obtaining revolutionary results on benchmark datasets. The success of these deep learning
+methods mostly relies on an enormous volume of labeled training samples to learn a huge …",8837690428722217264,6,Geometry-aware deep transform,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_iccv_2015/papers/Huang_Geometry-Aware_Deep_Transform_ICCV_2015_paper.pdf
+961,M Ye,"The available face descriptors are always generated by a hand-designed pooling scheme or
+without a pooling process. We propose to learn a pooling scheme for high-level features.
+First, we obtain the local features on the densely sampled points on a face image. Then, a …",12389715308493085016,6,Learning to pool high-level features for face representation,
+962,P Shukla|A Saini|P Singh,"Developmental Disorders are chronic disabilities that have a severe impact on the day to
+day functioning of a large section of the human population. Recognizing developmental
+disorders from facial images is an important but a relatively unexplored challenge in the field …",9866102897631381018,8,A deep learning frame-work for recognizing developmental disorders,https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/wacv/2017/4822/00/07926667.pdf
+963,M Parchami|S Bashbaghi,"Growing number of surveillance and biometric applications seek to recognize the face of
+individuals appearing in the viewpoint of video cameras. Systems for video-based FR can
+be subjected to challenging operational environments, where the appearance of faces …",6608262159460776242,8,Video-based face recognition using ensemble of haar-like deep convolutional neural networks,http://www.etsmtl.ca/Unites-de-recherche/LIVIA/Recherche-et-innovation/Publications/Publications-2017/Mostafa_IJCNN2017fin.pdf
+964,G Hu|Y Hua,"Deep learning has achieved great success in face recognition, however deep-learned
+features still have limited invariance to strong intra-personal variations such as large pose
+changes. It is observed that some facial attributes (eg eyebrow thickness, gender) are robust …",11111843533287175399,13,[PDF] Attributeenhanced face recognition with neural tensor fusion networks,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017/papers/Hu_Attribute-Enhanced_Face_Recognition_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+965,JZ Leibo|T Poggio,"Populations of neurons in inferotemporal cortex (IT) maintain an explicit code for object
+identity that also tolerates transformations of object appearance eg, position, scale, viewing
+angle [1, 2, 3]. Though the learning rules are not known, recent results [4, 5, 6] suggest the …",10641264844545659600,6,Unsupervised learning of clutter-resistant visual representations from natural videos,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.3879
+966,SN Yanushkevich,"A biometric-enabled watchlist (or a database of persons of interest) is commonly accepted
+by national and international security agencies. In particular, the facetrait has demonstrated
+promising performance in large-scale open-set tasks in forensics and law enforcement …",3032093443470298132,6,Bridging the gap between forensics and biometric-enabled watchlists for e-borders,https://www.ucalgary.ca/btlab/files/btlab/cim-bridging.pdf
+967,W Ge,"We present a novel hierarchical triplet loss (HTL) capable of automatically collecting
+informative training samples (triplets) via a defined hierarchical tree that encodes global
+context information. This allows us to cope with the main limitation of random sampling in …",7298243351475393908,5,Deep metric learning with hierarchical triplet loss,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ECCV_2018/papers/Ge_Deep_Metric_Learning_ECCV_2018_paper.pdf
+968,Z Chai|H Mendez-Vazquez,"Several methods have been proposed to describe face images in order to recognize them
+automatically. Local methods based on spatial histograms of local patterns (or operators)
+are among the best-performing ones. In this paper, a new method that allows to obtain more …",4880070343147669121,5,[HTML] Explore semantic pixel sets based local patterns with information entropy for face recognition,https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1687-5281-2014-26
+969,V Rengarajan|Y Balaji,"Row-wise exposure delay present in CMOS cameras is responsible for skew and curvature
+distortions known as the rolling shutter (RS) effect while imaging under camera motion.
+Existing RS correction methods resort to using multiple images or tailor scene-specific …",683863316164611260,9,[PDF] Unrolling the shutter: Cnn to correct motion distortions,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017/papers/Rengarajan_Unrolling_the_Shutter_CVPR_2017_paper.pdf
+970,,"This paper proposes a method that uses feature fusion to represent images better for face
+detection after feature extraction by deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). First, with
+Clarifai net and VGG Net-D (16 layers), we learn features from data, respectively; then we …",10293453647154096078,9,Feature extraction and fusion using deep convolutional neural networks for face detection,http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2017/1376726.pdf
+971,S Ghosh|X Xu,"Detecting tattoo images stored in information technology (IT) devices of suspects is an
+important but challenging task for law enforcement agencies. Recently, the US National
+Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) held a challenge and released a tattoo …",18405194444511655797,8,Tattoo detection based on CNN and remarks on the NIST database,
+972,MP Da Silva|P Le Callet,"Multimedia quality assessment has been an important research topic during the last
+decades. The original focus on artifact visibility has been extended during the years to
+aspects as image aesthetics, interestingness and memorability. More recently …",1386889831299155586,6,What do you think of my picture? Investigating factors of influence in profile images context perception,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01150952/file/Mazza_HVEIXX.pdf
+973,,"Abstract The Visual Internet of Things has received much attention in recent years due to its
+ability to get the object location via image information of the scene, attach the visual label to
+the object, and then return information of scene objects to the network. In particular, face …",17093175188109710294,5,Compact deep learned feature-based face recognition for Visual Internet of Things,
+974,M Nazir|N Riaz,"Gender classification is a fundamental face analysis task. In literature, the focus of most
+researchers has been on the face images acquired under controlled conditions. Real-world
+face images contain different illumination effects and variations in facial expressions and …",17161158722214491855,5,[PDF] Optimized Features Selection using Hybrid PSO-GA for Multi-View Gender Classification.,"http://ccis2k.org/iajit/PDF/vol.12,no.2/6420.pdf"
+975,S Chakraborty|SK Singh|P Chakraborty,"In this paper a novel hand-crafted local quadruple pattern (LQPAT) is proposed for facial
+image recognition and retrieval. Most of the existing hand-crafted descriptors encode only a
+limited number of pixels in the local neighborhood. Under unconstrained environment the …",14323581680743566875,13,Local quadruple pattern: a novel descriptor for facial image recognition and retrieval,
+976,R Achanta,"Face recognition systems are designed to handle well-aligned images captured under
+controlled situations. However real-world images present varying orientations, expressions,
+and illumination conditions. Traditional face recognition algorithms perform poorly on such …",17278202001552154183,14,Face recognition in real-world images,https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/224338/files/1926.pdf
+977,H Wechsler,"The central position of this article is that validation and interoperability are paramount for the
+effective and ethical use of biometrics. Illuminating the relevance for policymakers of the
+science underlying the security and privacy aspects of biometrics, this article calls for …",12875848179429229470,7,Biometric Security and Privacy Using Smart Identity Management and Interoperability: Validation and Vulnerabilities of Various Techniques,
+978,M Afifi|A Abdelhamed,"Gender classification aims at recognizing a person's gender. Despite the high accuracy
+achieved by state-of-the-art methods for this task, there is still room for improvement in
+generalized and unrestricted datasets. In this paper, we advocate a new strategy inspired by …",5881277368482146239,13,AFIF4: Deep Gender Classification based on AdaBoost-based Fusion of Isolated Facial Features and Foggy Faces,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.04277
+979,M Iliadis|H Wang|R Molina,"In this paper, we propose an iterative method to address the face identification problem with
+block occlusions. Our approach utilizes a robust representation based on two characteristics
+in order to model contiguous errors (eg, block occlusion) effectively. The first fits to the errors …",17244305484031836845,8,Robust and low-rank representation for fast face identification with occlusions,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.02266
+980,S Zhang|R He|Z Sun,"MeshFace photos have been widely used in many Chinese business organizations to
+protect ID face photos from being misused. The occlusions incurred by random meshes
+severely degenerate the performance of face verification systems, which raises the …",11918063394482938699,13,Demeshnet: Blind face inpainting for deep meshface verification,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05271
+981,HA Le|IA Kakadiaris,"Face datasets are a fundamental tool to analyze the performance of face recognition
+algorithms. However, the accuracy achieved on current benchmark datasets is saturated.
+Although multiple face datasets have been published recently, they only focus on the …",546642530731052018,8,[PDF] UHDB31: A dataset for better understanding face recognition across pose and illumination variation,http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCV_2017_workshops/papers/w37/Le_UHDB31_A_Dataset_ICCV_2017_paper.pdf
+982,C Zhu|Y Zheng|K Luu|T Hoang Ngan Le,"Weakly supervised methods have recently become one of the most popular machine
+learning methods since they are able to be used on large-scale datasets without the critical
+requirement of richly annotated data. In this paper, we present a novel, self-taught …",14860515415870134745,10,Weakly supervised facial analysis with dense hyper-column features,https://www.cv-foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016_workshops/w4/papers/Zhu_Weakly_Supervised_Facial_CVPR_2016_paper.pdf
+983,DD Hromada|C Tijus,"Five different OpenCV-compatible XML haarcascades of zygomatic smile detectors as well
+as five SMILEsamples from which these detectors were derived had been trained and are
+presented hereby as a new open source SMILEsmileD package. Samples have been …",12217479682633891628,6,Zygomatic smile detection: The semi-supervised Haar training of a fast and frugal system: A gift to opencv community,
+984,BF Klare,"Automated face recognition is a rapidly growing field that uses computer algorithms to
+determine the similarity between two face images [73]. Automating this process of facial
+identification has enormous implications towards improving public safety and security, and …",11374232204912578980,5,[BOOK] Heterogeneous face recognition,http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.389.6820&rep=rep1&type=pdf
+985,T Lansdall-Welfare|N Cristianini,"Analysing the representation of gender in news media has a long history within the fields of
+journalism, media and communication. Typically this can be performed by measuring how
+often people of each gender are mentioned within the textual content of news articles. In this …",13103553426045115503,7,Measuring gender bias in news images,http://www.www2015.it/documents/proceedings/companion/p893.pdf
+986,SZ Gilani|A Mian,"Deep networks trained on millions of facial images are believed to be closely approaching
+human-level performance in face recognition. However, open world face recognition still
+remains a challenge. Although, 3D face recognition has an inherent edge over its 2D …",9322444079179961935,5,Learning from millions of 3d scans for large-scale 3d face recognition,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.05942
+987,,"随着大数据时代的到来, 含更多隐含层的深度卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural networks,
+CNNs) 具有更复杂的网络结构, 与传统机器学习方法相比具有更强大的特征学习和特征表达
+能力. 使用深度学习算法训练的卷积神经网络模型自提出以来在计算机视觉领域的多个大规模 …",1502525848868590213,19,深度卷积神经网络在计算机视觉中的应用研究综述,
+988,N Erdoğmuş|S Marcel,"With its wide range of applicability, gender classification is an important task in face image
+analysis and it has drawn a great interest from the pattern recognition community. In this
+paper, we aim to deal with this problem using Local Binary Pattern Histogram Sequences as …",16456756934177046582,7,Within-and cross-database evaluations for face gender classification via befit protocols,http://openaccess.iyte.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11147/5412/5412.pdf?sequence=1
+989,,"A single glance at a face is enough to infer a first impression about someone. With the
+increasing amount of pictures available, selecting the most suitable picture for a given use is
+a difficult task. This work focuses on the estimation of the image quality of facial portraits …",8171097885383124682,7,Photo rating of facial pictures based on image segmentation,https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00925436/file/Lienhard2014PhotoRatingOfFacialPicture.pdf
+990,蔡灿辉,"本文提出一个基于Gentle AdaBoost 和嵌套级联结构(Nesting Cascade Structure)
+的快速人脸检测器. 采用嵌套级联结构并在训练过程中剔除前级节点分类器已使用过的特征,
+解决了经典的AdaBoost 级联分类器因各节点分类器独立训练导致不同节点之间特征相同的弱 …",9786157704861198692,5,采用 Gentle AdaBoost 和嵌套级联结构的实时人脸检测,