From 563cb9b02a3c6de5a5710e5f0734d30810e6a5a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: adamhrv Date: Thu, 4 Jul 2019 02:16:25 +0200 Subject: update msc --- site/public/research/munich_security_conference/index.html | 10 ++++++---- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) (limited to 'site/public/research/munich_security_conference') diff --git a/site/public/research/munich_security_conference/index.html b/site/public/research/munich_security_conference/index.html index 0b625f53..bdaadcac 100644 --- a/site/public/research/munich_security_conference/index.html +++ b/site/public/research/munich_security_conference/index.html @@ -63,10 +63,11 @@

24 Million Non-Cooperative Faces

In total, we analyzed 30 publicly available face recognition and face analysis datasets that collectively include over 24 million non-cooperative images. Of these 24 million images, over 15 million face images are from Internet search engines, over 5.8 million from Flickr.com, over 2.5 million from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb.com), and nearly 500,000 from CCTV footage. All 24 million images were collected without any explicit consent, a type of face image that researchers call "in the wild".

Next we manually verified 1,134 publicly available research papers that cite these datasets to determine who was using the data and where it was being used. Even though the vast majority of the images originated in the United States, the publicly available research citations show that only about 25% citations are from the country of the origin while the majority of citations are from China.

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6,000 Embassy Photos Being Used To Train Facial Recognition

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Of the 5.8 million Flickr images we found over 6,000 public photos from Embassy Flickr accounts were used to train facial recognition technologies. These images were used in the MegaFace and IBM Diversity in Faces datasets. Over 2,000 more images were included in the Who Goes There dataset, used for facial ethnicity analysis research. A few of the embassy images found in facial recognition datasets are shown below.

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Over 6,000 Embassy Photos Found in Facial Recognition Training Datasets

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Of the 5.8 million Flickr images in publicly available face recognition training datasets there were over 6,000 photos from Embassy Flickr accounts. These images were mainly used in the MegaFace and IBM Diversity in Faces datasets. Over 2,000 more images were included in the Who Goes There dataset, used for facial ethnicity analysis research for a total over 8,000 embassy images used in facial analysis studies. A few of the embassy images found in facial recognition datasets are shown below.

An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from United Kingdoms Embassy in Italy
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from United Kingdom's Embassy in Italy
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An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from the Flickr account of the United States Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from the Flickr account of the United States Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Canberra
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Canberra

This brief research aims to shed light on the emerging politics of data. A photo is no longer just a photo when it can also be surveillance training data, and datasets can no longer be separated from the development of software when software is now built with data. "Our relationship to computers has changed", says Geoffrey Hinton, one of the founders of modern day neural networks and deep learning. "Instead of programming them, we now show them and they figure it out." 1.

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An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from the Flickr account of the United States Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from the Flickr account of the United States Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Canberra
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Canberra
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from US Embassy Tokyo Flickr account
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from US Embassy Tokyo Flickr account
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An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Kingston Jamaica
An image in the MegaFace dataset obtained from U.S. Embassy Kingston Jamaica

This brief research aims to shed light on the emerging politics of data. A photo is no longer just a photo when it can also be surveillance training data, and datasets can no longer be separated from the development of software when software is now built with data. "Our relationship to computers has changed", says Geoffrey Hinton, one of the founders of modern day neural networks and deep learning. "Instead of programming them, we now show them and they figure it out." 1.

As data becomes more political, national AI strategies might also want to include transnational dataset strategies.

This research post is ongoing and will updated during July and August, 2019.

Further Reading

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Supplementary Information

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The list of of embassies used for this analysis are from the U.S. Department of State’s Social Media Presence List combined with manual search results. In some cases, the official U.S. Dept. of State list describes consulates and missions as embassies. For example, the US Consulate Munich, the US Mission Canada and is marked as "EMBASSY". Only consulates and missions listed as embassies by the U.S. Dept. of State list are included in this analysis.

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Cite Our Work

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