From f701e07f3a47e10c66eef831442b623df88c4597 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: adamhrv Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2019 23:22:51 +0200 Subject: buttons --- site/public/datasets/index.html | 10 +- site/public/datasets/msceleb/index.html | 203 +++++++++----------------------- 2 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-) (limited to 'site/public/datasets') diff --git a/site/public/datasets/index.html b/site/public/datasets/index.html index c6c4185a..047b6874 100644 --- a/site/public/datasets/index.html +++ b/site/public/datasets/index.html @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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Facial Recognition Datasets

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Face Recognition Datasets

Explore publicly available facial recognition datasets feeding into research and development of biometric surveillance technologies at the largest technology companies and defense contractors in the world.

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2016
Person re-identification, multi-camera tracking
2,000,000 images
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1,812
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2,700
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ HRT Transgender Dataset
2013
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gender transition and facial recognition
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Face recognition, gender transition biometrics
10,564 images
38
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Oxford Town Centre
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2011
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2009
Person detection, gaze estimation
images
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+
2,200
diff --git a/site/public/datasets/msceleb/index.html b/site/public/datasets/msceleb/index.html index c42a2767..5ed2f3a2 100644 --- a/site/public/datasets/msceleb/index.html +++ b/site/public/datasets/msceleb/index.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ MegaPixels - + @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
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Microsoft Celeb 1M is a target list and dataset of web images used for research and development of face recognition technologies
The MS Celeb dataset includes over 10 million images of about 100K people and a target list of 1 million individuals +
Microsoft Celeb 1M is a target list and dataset of web images used for research and development of face recognition
The MS Celeb dataset includes over 10 million images of about 100K people and a target list of 1 million individuals

Microsoft Celeb Dataset (MS Celeb)

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Website
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Microsoft Celeb (MS Celeb) is a dataset of 10 million face images scraped from the Internet and used for research and development of large-scale biometric recognition systems. According to Microsoft Research who created and published the dataset in 2016, MS Celeb is the largest publicly available face recognition dataset in the world, containing over 10 million images of nearly 100,000 individuals. Microsoft's goal in building this dataset was to distribute the initial training dataset of 100,000 individuals images and use this to accelerate reserch into recognizing a target list of one million individuals from their face images "using all the possibly collected face images of this individual on the web as training data". 2

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These one million people, defined as Micrsoft Research as "celebrities", are often merely people who must maintain an online presence for their professional lives. Microsoft's list of 1 million people is an expansive exploitation of the current reality that for many people including academics, policy makers, writers, artists, and especially journalists maintaining an online presence is mandatory and should not allow Microsoft (or anyone else) to use their biometrics for reserach and development of surveillance technology. Many of names in target list even include people critical of the very technology Microsoft is using their name and biometric information to build. The list includes digital rights activists like Jillian York and [add more]; artists critical of surveillance including Trevor Paglen, Hito Steryl, Kyle McDonald, Jill Magid, and Aram Bartholl; Intercept founders Laura Poitras, Jeremy Scahill, and Glen Greenwald; Data and Society founder danah boyd; and even Julie Brill the former FTC commissioner responsible for protecting consumer’s privacy to name a few.

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Microsoft Celeb (MS Celeb) is a dataset of 10 million face images scraped from the Internet and used for research and development of large-scale biometric recognition systems. According to Microsoft Research who created and published the dataset in 2016, MS Celeb is the largest publicly available face recognition dataset in the world, containing over 10 million images of nearly 100,000 individuals. Microsoft's goal in building this dataset was to distribute an initial training dataset of 100,000 individuals images and use this to accelerate reserch into recognizing a target list of one million individuals from their face images "using all the possibly collected face images of this individual on the web as training data". 1

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These one million people, defined by Micrsoft Research as "celebrities", are often merely people who must maintain an online presence for their professional lives. Microsoft's list of 1 million people is an expansive exploitation of the current reality that for many people including academics, policy makers, writers, artists, and especially journalists maintaining an online presence is mandatory and should not allow Microsoft or anyone else to use their biometrics for reserach and development of surveillance technology. Many of names in target list even include people critical of the very technology Microsoft is using their name and biometric information to build. The list includes digital rights activists like Jillian York and [add more]; artists critical of surveillance including Trevor Paglen, Hito Steryl, Jill Magid, and Aram Bartholl; Intercept founders Laura Poitras, Jeremy Scahill, and Glen Greenwald; Data and Society founder danah boyd; and even Julie Brill the former FTC commissioner responsible for protecting consumer’s privacy to name a few.

Microsoft's 1 Million Target List

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Below is a list of names that were included in list of 1 million individuals curated to illustrate Microsoft's expansive and exploitative practice of scraping the Internet for biometric training data. The entire name file can be downloaded from msceleb.org. Names appearing with * indicate that Microsoft also distributed imaged.

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[ cleaning this up ]

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Below is a list of names that were included in list of 1 million individuals curated to illustrate Microsoft's expansive and exploitative practice of scraping the Internet for biometric training data. The entire name file can be downloaded from msceleb.org. Email msceleb@microsoft.com to have your name removed. Names appearing with * indicate that Microsoft also distributed images.

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NameID ProfessionImages
Jeremy Scahill/m/02p_8_nAdrian Chen Journalistx
Jillian York/m/0g9_3c3Digital rights activistx
Astra Taylor/m/05f6_39Author, activistx
Jonathan Zittrain/m/01f75cEFF board memberno
Julie BrillxxxAi Weiwei*Artist
Jonathan ZittrainxxxAram BarthollInternet artist
Bruce Schneierm.095jsCryptologist and authoryesAstra TaylorAuthor, director, activist
Julie Brillm.0bs3s9gxxAlexander MadrigalJournlist
Kim Zetter/m/09r4j3xxBruce Schneier*Cryptologist
Ethan Zuckermanxxxdanah boydData & Society founder
Jill MagidxxxEdward FeltenFormer FTC Chief Technologist
Kyle McDonaldxxxEvgeny Morozov*Tech writer, researcher
Trevor PaglenxxxGlen Greenwald*Journalist, author
R. Luke DuBoisxxxHito SterylArtist, writer
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NameID ProfessionImages
Trevor Paglenxxx
Ai Weiwei/m/0278dyqxx
Jer Thorp/m/01h8lgxx
Edward Felten/m/028_7kxxJames RisenJournalist
Evgeny Morozov/m/05sxhgdScholar and technology criticyesJeremy Scahill*Journalist
danah boyd/m/06zmx5Data and Society founderxJill MagidArtist
Bruce SchneierxxxJillian YorkDigital rights activist
Laura PoitrasxxxJonathan ZittrainEFF board member
Trevor PaglenxxxJulie BrillFormer FTC Commissioner
Astra TaylorxxxKim ZetterJournalist, author
Shoshanaa ZuboffxxxLaura Poitras*Filmmaker
Eyal Weizmanm.0g54526xxLuke DuBoisArtist
Aram Barthollm.06_wjycxxShoshana ZuboffAuthor, academic
James Risenm.09pk6bxxTrevor PaglenArtist, researcher
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After publishing this list, researchers from Microsoft Asia then worked with researchers affilliated with China's National University of Defense Technology (controlled by China's Central Military Commission) and used the the MS Celeb dataset for their research paper on using "Faces as Lighting Probes via Unsupervised Deep Highlight Extraction" with potential applications in 3D face recognition.

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In an article published by the Financial Times based on data discovered during this investigation, Samm Sacks (senior fellow at New American and China tech policy expert) commented that this research raised "red flags because of the nature of the technology, the authors affilliations, combined with the what we know about how this technology is being deployed in China right now". 3

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Four more papers published by SenseTime which also use the MS Celeb dataset raise similar flags. SenseTime is Beijing based company providing surveillance to Chinese authorities including [ add context here ] has been flagged as complicity in potential human rights violations.

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One of the 4 SenseTime papers, "Exploring Disentangled Feature Representation Beyond Face Identification", shows how SenseTime is developing automated face analysis technology to infer race, narrow eyes, nose size, and chin size, all of which could be used to target vulnerable ethnic groups based on their facial appearances. 4

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After publishing this list, researchers from Microsoft Asia then worked with researchers affiliated with China's National University of Defense Technology (controlled by China's Central Military Commission) and used the the MS Celeb dataset for their research paper on using "Faces as Lighting Probes via Unsupervised Deep Highlight Extraction" with potential applications in 3D face recognition.

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In an article published by Financial Times based on data surfaced during this investigation, Samm Sacks (a senior fellow at New America think tank) commented that this research raised "red flags because of the nature of the technology, the author's affiliations, combined with what we know about how this technology is being deployed in China right now". Adding, that "the [Chinese] government is using these technologies to biuld surveillance systems and to detain minorities [in Xinjiang]". 2

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Four more papers published by SenseTime which also use the MS Celeb dataset raise similar flags. SenseTime is a computer vision surveillance company who until April 2019 provided surveillance to Chinese authorities to monitor and track Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang province and had been flagged numerous times as having potential links to human rights violations.

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One of the 4 SenseTime papers, "Exploring Disentangled Feature Representation Beyond Face Identification", shows how SenseTime was developing automated face analysis technology to infer race, narrow eyes, nose size, and chin size, all of which could be used to target vulnerable ethnic groups based on their facial appearances.

Earlier in 2019, Microsoft CEO Brad Smith called for the governmental regulation of face recognition, citing the potential for misuse, a rare admission that Microsoft's surveillance-driven business model had lost its bearing. More recently Smith also announced that Microsoft would seemingly take stand against potential misuse and decided to not sell face recognition to an unnamed United States law enforcement agency, citing that their technology was not accurate enough to be used on minorities because it was trained mostly on white male faces.

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What the decision to block the sale announces is not so much that Microsoft has upgraded their ethics, but that it publicly acknolwedged it can't sell a data-driven product without data. Microsoft can't sell face recognition for faces they can't train on.

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Until now, that data has been freely harvested from the Internet and packaged in training sets like MS Celeb, which are overwhelmingly white and male. Without balanced data, facial recognition contains blind spots. And without datasets like MS Celeb, the powerful yet innaccurate facial recognition services like Microsoft's Azure Cognitive Service also would not be able to see at all.

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Microsoft didn't only create MS Celeb for other researchers to use, they also used it internally. In a publicly available 2017 Microsoft Research project called "(One-shot Face Recognition by Promoting Underrepresented Classes)", Microsoft leveraged the MS Celeb dataset to analyse their algorithms and advertise the results. Interestingly, the Microsoft's corporate version does not mention they used the MS Celeb datset, but the open-acess version of the paper published on arxiv.org that same year explicity mentions that Microsoft Research tested their algorithms "on the MS-Celeb-1M low-shot learning benchmark task."

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We suggest that if Microsoft Research wants biometric data for surveillance research and development, they should start with own researcher's biometric data instead of scraping the Internet for journalists, artists, writers, and academics.

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What the decision to block the sale announces is not so much that Microsoft had upgraded their ethics, but that Microsoft publicly acknowledged it can't sell a data-driven product without data. In other words, Microsoft can't sell face recognition for faces they can't train on.

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Until now, that data has been freely harvested from the Internet and packaged in training sets like MS Celeb, which are overwhelmingly white and male. Without balanced data, facial recognition contains blind spots. And without datasets like MS Celeb, the powerful yet inaccurate facial recognition services like Microsoft's Azure Cognitive Service also would not be able to see at all.

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Microsoft didn't only create MS Celeb for other researchers to use, they also used it internally. In a publicly available 2017 Microsoft Research project called "(One-shot Face Recognition by Promoting Underrepresented Classes)", Microsoft leveraged the MS Celeb dataset to analyze their algorithms and advertise the results. Interestingly, Microsoft's corporate version of the paper does not mention they used the MS Celeb datset, but the open-access version published on arxiv.org explicitly mentions that Microsoft Research tested their algorithms "on the MS-Celeb-1M low-shot learning benchmark task."

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We suggest that if Microsoft Research wants to make biometric data publicly available for surveillance research and development, they should start with releasing their researchers' own biometric data instead of scraping the Internet for journalists, artists, writers, actors, athletes, musicians, and academics.

Who used Microsoft Celeb?

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Supplementary Information

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References

  • 1 Brad Smith cite -
  • 2 aMS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognition -
  • 3 aMicrosoft worked with Chinese military university on artificial intelligence -
  • 4 a"Exploring Disentangled Feature Representation Beyond Face Identification" +

References

  • 1 aMS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognition +
  • 2 aMurgia, Madhumita. Microsoft worked with Chinese military university on artificial intelligence. Financial Times. April 10, 2019.
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