From ee3d0d98e19f1d8177d85af1866fd0ee431fe9ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jules Laplace Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2018 22:19:15 +0100 Subject: moving stuff --- reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv | 1373 ------------------------ 1 file changed, 1373 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv (limited to 'reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv') diff --git a/reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv b/reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv deleted file mode 100644 index e3bc00ca..00000000 --- a/reports/institutions_not_found/not-found-3.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1373 +0,0 @@ -"MIRACL-FS, University of Sfax" -"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science" -"Division of Computer Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do" -"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, The Tel-Aviv University" -"Deparment of Computing, Imperial College London, UK" -"University of Toronto, 6 Kings College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 CANADA" -"SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, India" -"BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA" -"IIE, Universidad de la Rep ublica, Uruguay. 2ECE, Duke University, USA" -"SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai-603 203, Tamilnadu, India" -"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK" -Stevens Institute of Technology Adobe Systems Inc -"College of Computers and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA" -"ITCS, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing" -Tomas Bata University in Zl n -"School of Computing and Info. Sciences, Florida International University" -"Numediart Institute, University of Mons" -in the College of Engineering and Computer Science -"Pursuing M.Tech, Caarmel Engineering College, MG University, Kerala, India" -The University of Queensland in -"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Address Splaiul Independent ei" -M. Mark Everingham University of Leeds -"CVIP Lab, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA" -"School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand" -"University of Shef eld, Regent Court, 211 Portobello, Shef eld" -"Babes Bolyai University, 58-60 Teodor Mihali, C333, Cluj Napoca" -"Faculty of Telecommunications, Technical University, Sofia, Bulgaria" -"University of Science, VNU-HCMC, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam" -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China" -"BECS, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland" -"Beihang University 2Gri th University 3University of York, UK" -"School of Comm. and Info. Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecom., Beijing China" -Tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media Sciences -Sabanc University -"Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology Kerala, India" -"Fudan University, 2Microsoft Research Asia, 3University of Maryland" -"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham" -"Advanced Digital Sciences Center (ADSC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Singapore" -"University at Buffalo, SUNY" -"University of Maryland, Center for Automation Research" -"MRC Laboratory For Molecular Cell Biology, University College London" -"IslamicAzad University, Qazvin, Iran" -KIT University of the State of Baden-W rttemberg and National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association -"Research Center E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" -"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia" -This article was downloaded from Harvard University s DASH -"Program of Computational Science and Engineering, Bo gazi ci University" -"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" -"DISI, University of Trento, Italy" -College of Information Engineering -"Faculty of Information Technology, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi, Pakistan" -"bUniversity of Nottingham, School of Computer Science, Nottingham, UK" -"P. O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"Intelligent User Interfaces Lab, Ko c University, Turkey" -"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China" -Honda Fundamental Research Labs -"Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre and Grif th School of Engineering, Grif th University" -"Division of IT Convergence, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology" -"University of Zaragoza, Spain" -"Assam University, Silchar-788011 Assam University, Silchar" -"School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China" -"University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain" -"Grif th University, QLD, Australia" -"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Signal Processing Institute" -"Lab, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. 3Clinical" -"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA" -"Asian University, Taichung, Taiwan" -"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA" -"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy" -"University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy" -"Centre for Quantum Computation and Intelligent Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia" -Sponsors: Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs -"University of S ao Paulo - USP, S ao Paulo - Brazil" -"Machine Perception Laboratory, University of California, San Diego" -"Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA" -"University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain" -University of Cagliari -"LIP6, UPMC - Sorbonne University, Paris, France" -"Baidu Research, USA 3John Hopkins University" -"Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia" -"Computer Vision Laboratory, The University of Nottingham" -"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany" -"Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China" -"a Institute of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Germany" -"he University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam" -"bSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China" -"image being generated by the model, include Active Appearance" -"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain" -"Institute of Advanced Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA" -"f Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania" -"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London" -"Queen Mary, University of London" -University of Sfax -SUS college of Engineering and Technology -"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK" -"Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam" -College of Information Science and Engineering -"Facial expression gures prominently in research on almost every aspect of emotion, including psychophys" -"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego" -"Proto Labs, Inc" -Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences -ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories -Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS -"Chalmers University of Technology, SAFER" -"Computer Vision Research Group, COMSATS Institute of Information" -"TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China" -"School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, U.K" -"Suhaila N. Mohammed, Baghdad University, College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq" -"The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong" -"St. Xavier s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India" -"Applied computing and mechanics laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland" -"Human-friendly Welfare Robotic System Engineering Research Center, KAIST" -Language Technologies Institute -Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Islamabad -"Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at Cardi University, July 24th" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -Northwestern University) to T.E. We thank Vincent De Gardelle for helpful comments on an earlier version of -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"HOD, St. Joseph College of Information Technology, Songea, Tanzania" -"Birkbeck College, University of London" -"The Image Processing and Analysis Lab (LAPI), Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania" -"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone" -Nokia Bell Labs and University of Oxford -"PG Scholar, Dr.Pauls Engineering College, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India" -"VISLab, EBUII-216, University of California Riverside" -"University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L3G1, Canada" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA" -"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan" -"Computer Science and Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, India" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt" -"to visually detectable changes in facial appearance, including blushing and tears. These" -"Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany" -"Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey" -"Computer Science Division, The Open University of Israel" -"Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ve cna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana" -"Facebook AI Research, 2Dartmouth College" -"Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics School, Flinders University, Australia" -"Seattle Paci c University, Seattle, WA 98119-1957, USA" -"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University" -"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand" -"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel" -Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from -cid:63)Stanford University -"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University" -"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan, Nanyang, 473000, P.R" -"Institute of Informatics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, TURKEY" -State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS -University of Siegen -"Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States" -"M.Tech, Information Technology, Madras Institute of Technology, TamilNadu, India" -"cid:2)Honda RandD Americas, Inc., Boston, MA, USA" -tional Taipei University for his help in performing simulations. The author would like to thank Mr. Ming -"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Russia" -"USC IRIS Lab, University of Southern California" -"Teaching Affairs Office, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China" -"EEMCS, University of Twente, Netherlands" -"puter Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore (e-mails" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China" -"Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis" -"Held at R.C.Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharastra, India" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" -"Machine Intelligence Lab (MIL), Cambridge University" -"Co-Guide, Computer Science, Shah and Anchor Kuttchi Engineering College, Mumbai, India" -"Nanjing, 210023, China, 4 School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and" -"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China" -"ISTMT, University of Tunis El Manar Address: 9, Rue Docteur Zouhe r Safi 1006; 3Faculty of Medicine of Tunis; Address" -"CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, 100190, China" -"ACRV, The Australian National University University of Oxford QUVA Lab, University of Amsterdam" -"Technology, University of Oradea 410087, Universitatii 1, Romania" -"University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom" -facultyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencesarti cialintelligence22-09-2016|1ATitleA.UthorRijksuniversiteitGroningenSomeFaculty -"Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology" -"School of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea" -"Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 3The Wellcome" -"Calgary, 2500 University Dr., N.W. Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4. Tel" -"Governance, Keio University" -"cid:63)Queen Mary University of London, Imperial College London" -"RGPV University, Indore" -"Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab on Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, China" -Honda Research Institute -"cid:5)School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA" -Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology -"University of Twente, EEMCS, Netherlands" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China" -"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University of California, San Diego" -"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece" -"School of Data of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, P.R. China" -"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A" -"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ" -"Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand" -"Center for Arti cial Vision Research, Korea University" -"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 203-103 B/D 192, Yakdae-Dong" -"Technical University of Munich, Germany" -"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China" -"Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA" -"School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom" -"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia" -"Ponti cal Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" -"School of Computer Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China" -Institute of Deep Learning -"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China" -"Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA" -"FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -"Computer Vision Group, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India" -"Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University" -University of Beira Interior -"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta" -Ho Chi Minh City University of -"Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan" -"National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC" -"USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Los Angeles, CA" -"New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave, Pudong" -Facebook 4Texas AandM University 5IBM Research -"Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland" -yAristotle University of Thessaloniki -"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai" -"CVSSP, University of Surrey" -ShahidBeheshti University -"Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers" -"Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, Chongqing, China" -"tion [11, 10] is making possible very large scale visual recognition both in my own ongoing work, including" -"Institute for Electronics, Signal Processing and Communications" -National Institute of Development Administration -"EEMCS, University of Twente, The Netherlands" -UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl -"College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China" -"and bDivision of Engineering and Applied Sciences 136-93, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA" -Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences -"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China" -"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland" -"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal" -"Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong" -"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland" -"Japan, 2 Center for Special Needs Education, Nara University of Education, Nara-shi, Nara" -University of Science and Technology Beijing -"Computational Biomedicine Lab, University of Houston, TX, USA" -Nam k Kemal University -University of Colorado at Colorado Springs -University of Freiburg -"DESTEC, FLSHR Mohammed V University-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco" -"College of Science, Menou a University, Menou a 32721, Egypt" -Interactive and Digital Media Institute -"College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, MA, USA" -"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei" -"Research Groups on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia" -National Institute of Advanced Industrial -USC Institute for Creative Technologies -"University of Canberra, Australia, Data61 - CSIRO and ANU, Australia" -Institute for Vision Systems Engineering -"DCMandB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 4 SCS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA" -"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore" -eBay Research Labs -"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Utrecht, The" -Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI -"Research Institute of Shenzhen, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China" -"and Modeling, Rutgers University" -"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil, e-mail: ander" -"National Institute of Informatics, Japan" -"Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India" -UniversityofMaryland -"Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3 SYSU-CMU Shunde International" -"Caarmel Engineering College, MG University, Kerala, India" -"Universitat Polit cnica de Catalunya, 6 University of Vigo, 7 LIUM, University of Maine" -"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor" -"J. P. College of Engineering, India" -"Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 4 The Queensland Brain Institute, The" -"Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland" -"iCV Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia" -"Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju rez" -Technical University of Kaiserslautern -"M.Tech Student, SSG Engineering College, Odisha, India" -"learning. As a result of this research, many applications, including video surveillance systems" -Taizhou University -"Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK" -"China Mobile Research Institute, Xuanwu Men West Street, Beijing" -"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg" -"Multimodal Computing and Interaction, Saarland University, Germany" -"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China" -"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands" -"Center for Automation Research, UMIACS, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA" -"College of software, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing" -"Vision and Sensing, HCC Lab, ESTeM, University of Canberra" -"Computer Science and Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA" -"P.A. College of Engnineering, Mangalore" -"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China" -"M.H Saboo Siddik College of Engineering, University of Mumbai, India" -"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Computer Science Division, The Open University of Israel, Israel" -Achariya college of Engineering Technology -"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Google Research, New York, NY" -High Institute of Medical Technologies -"cid:63) Faculty of Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics, Kingston University London" -Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University -"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2 Sydney Medical" -"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore" -"ECSE, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY" -"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Arnesano, LE, Italy" -"Xi an Jiaotong University, China" -"North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND58105, USA" -University of Twente 2Dublin City University 3Oxford University -"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University" -"Dr.Pauls Engineering College, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India" -"tum Computation and Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University" -"Machine Intelligence Group, School of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology and" -"University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R.China" -"Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS, UK" -University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW -"Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietman" -College of Computer Science and Technology -"Coordinated Science Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign" -Gangnung-Wonju National University -"Institute of Digital Media, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China" -"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 451, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece" -"cid:2)Imperial College London, U.K" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China" -"Cognitive Arti cial Intelligence, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht" -"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, P.R.China" -"Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena" -Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology -"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan" -"Shenzhen Key Lab of CVPR, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology" -"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr ucken, Germany (MPI-INF.MPG.DE" -B.S. University of Indonesia -"University of T ubingen, T ubingen, Germany" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia" -"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2 Leiden University" -Honda Research Institute USA -"Rm 1365, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA" -"Machine Intelligence Laboratory, College of Computer Science, Sichuan University" -"University of Nottingham, UK, School of Computer Science" -"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College" -"Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea" -Imperial College London / Twente University -"National University of Singapore, 2Shanghai Jiao Tong University" -"School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China" -"SRV Engineering College, sembodai, india" -Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute -"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, Shenzhen University, P.R. China" -"Gayathri.S, M.E., Vins Christian college of Engineering" -"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -"CVSSP, University of Surrey, UK" -Sanghvi Institute of Management and Science -"Multimedia Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong" -"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD USA" -"National Laboratory on Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China" -"Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R.China" -College of Information and Electrical Engineering -"aResearch Scholar, Anna University, Chennai, Inida" -"School of Computer Science, Tianjin University" -"Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA" -"b DEI - University of Padova, Via Gradenigo, 6 - 35131- Padova, Italy" -"Amsterdam; and 3Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, University of Amsterdam" -"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per., 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia" -University of California at San Diego -"Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA" -"DIEI, University of Perugia, Italy" -"Michigan State University, 3115 Engineering Building" -"Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription" -"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbr ucken, Germany" -"iCV Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia" -"University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK" -"Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur" -SAMSI and Duke University -"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Xi an Jiaotong University, Xi an, China" -"MISC Laboratory, Constantine 2 University, Constantine, Algeria" -"SRV Engineering College, sembodai, india" -"Institute of Computing Technology, CAS" -Institute of control science and engineering -National Institute of Informatics -"Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH" -Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems -St. Anne s College -"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi an Jiaotong University, P. R. China" -"DSP Lab, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran" -"J. P. College of Engineering, India" -"National Laboratory on Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China" -SUS college of Engineering and Technology -"methods, including graph matching, optical- ow-based" -"Turin, Italy, 3 Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu" -"Michigan State University, NEC Laboratories America" -"Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, 20156, Italy, 3 Applied Electronics" -"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel" -"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical College, Song Shan Hu" -"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China" -M. Mark Everingham University of Leeds -University of California at San Diego -"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China" -"PG Scholar, Dr.Pauls Engineering College, Villupuram District, Tamilnadu, India" -"Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of" -"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A" -"Pathological anxiety is associated with disrupted cognitive processing, including working memory and" -"Carnegie Mellon University, Electrical and Computer Engineering" -"Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China" -University of Sfax -"Arts, Commerce and Science College, Gangakhed, M.S, India" -"Sejong University, 98 Gunja, Gwangjin, Seoul 143-747, Korea" -"Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China" -"Arti cial Intelligence Institute, China" -"bFaculty of Engineering, International Islamic University, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia" -"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia" -"AncyRijaV, Author is currently pursuing M.E (Software Engineering) in Vins Christian College of" -"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ" -"CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China" -"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China" -"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta" -"School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom" -"S.R.C.E.M, Banmore, RGPV, University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India" -"bDiscipline of Business Analytics, The University of Sydney Business School" -"Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong" -"Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University" -"Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA" -"The school of Data Science, Fudan University" -"School of Mathematical Science, Peking University, China" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia" -Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences (IISIS -"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, SG" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology" -Massachusettes Institute of Technology -"IBM Watson Research Center, Armonk, NY, USA" -B.S. (Cornell University -"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China" -"Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt" -"Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3 SYSU-CMU Shunde International" -"SICE, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University" -Shandong Women s University -"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of" -Northwestern University) to T.E. We thank Vincent De Gardelle for helpful comments on an earlier version of -"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University, China" -"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan" -"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical College, Song Shan Hu" -"Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, INDIA" -Research Center E. Piaggio -"Federal University Technology Akure, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria" -Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from -"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, PA, USA" -"Institute of Informatics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, TURKEY" -"Beihang University 2Gri th University 3University of York, UK" -"University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gij n" -"Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Germany" -"P. O. Box 4500 Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -Malaviya National Institute of Technology -"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -"Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey" -"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Signal Processing Institute" -"Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -National Taiwan University of Science and -"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan" -"DPDCE, University IUAV, Santa Croce 1957, 30135 Venice, Italy" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Water Resources University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam" -"Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany" -"CollegePark, MD" -"Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-T03), and project MMT-8115038 of the Shun Hing Institute of" -"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, P.R. China" -"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt -yThe University of Tokyo -"School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -facultyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencesarti cialintelligence22-09-2016|1ATitleA.UthorRijksuniversiteitGroningenSomeFaculty -Computer and Vision Research Center -"Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coru na, Coru na, Spain" -"Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Paran a Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil" -"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China" -"Nanjing, 210094, China, 3 School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications" -"Tsinghua University, State Key Lab. of Intelligent" -PES Modern College of Engg -K. N. Toosi University of -"School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China" -Research Center for Information -"Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA" -"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China" -"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK" -"University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai" -"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology" -Achariya college of Engineering Technology -"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-844, Rep" -at West Virginia University -"Grad. School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University" -State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS -"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg" -"Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" -"Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand" -"Indian Institute of Informaiton Technology, Allahabad, India" -"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, INDIA" -yAristotle University of Thessaloniki -Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST -"B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai-48, India" -Imperial College London / Twente University -University of Chinese Academy of -Mans eld College -"LIP6, UPMC - Sorbonne University, Paris, France" -"University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain" -"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA" -"Middlesex University London, 4International Hellenic University" -"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan" -"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology" -"Australian National University, and NICTA" -"M.P.M. College, Bhopal, India" -"California State University, Fullerton, USA" -"EEMCS, University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands" -"IIIS, Tsinghua University" -"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan" -M.S. Brunel University of West London -"Research Center CENTIA, Electronics and Mechatronics" -IBM China Research Lab -"ISTMT, University of Tunis El Manar Address: 9, Rue Docteur Zouhe r Safi 1006; 3Faculty of Medicine of Tunis; Address" -North Carolina AandT State University -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China" -"University of Queensland, School of ITEE, QLD 4072, Australia" -The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press -"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of" -"University of Lincoln, School of Computer Science, U.K" -"Research Center E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" -"cid:2) Imperial College London, United Kingdom" -"Principal, Chaithanya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kakinada, AP, India" -"State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Moscow, Russia" -"College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China" -Australian National University and NICTA -"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan" -"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK" -"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. 2School of" -German Research Center for Arti cial Intelligence (DFKI -"Baingio Pinna, University of" -"abroad, or from public or private research centers" -"IslamicAzad University, Qazvin, Iran" -"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego" -"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Israel" -"GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA" -"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha" -"Vision Systems, Inc" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Japan" -"DCMandB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 4 SCS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA" -"Cognitive Arti cial Intelligence, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht" -"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA" -"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland" -"Sathyabama University Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, India" -"Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China" -"China-Singapore Institute of Digital Media, Singapore" -"University of Notre Dame, 2IIIT-Delhi" -"Image Processing Center, Beihang University" -"Caarmel Engineering College, MG University, Kerala, India" -"DESTEC, FLSHR Mohammed V University-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco" -College of Computer Science and Technology -"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK" -"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"Iftm University, Moradabad-244001 U.P" -"Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Italy" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University" -Northeastern University 2Microsoft Research 3City University of New York -"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College" -"University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA" -"University of Technology, Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia" -c(cid:176) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. All rights reserved -"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2G4, Canada" -"University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA" -"University Hospital Jena, Germany" -"RGPV University, Indore" -Facebook 4Texas AandM University 5IBM Research -"Mancha, Spain, Imperial College, London, UK" -"Division of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea" -"University of Zaragoza, Spain" -"Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hong Kong, China" -"University of Florence, Italy" -"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing" -"K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal, TamilNadu, India" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology" -"College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China" -"University of Cambridge, UK 2Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Amsterdam; and 3Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, University of Amsterdam" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr a ka cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L3G1, Canada" -"Bo gazic i University, Istanbul, Turkey" -"Human-friendly Welfare Robotic System Engineering Research Center, KAIST" -"Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong" -Gangnung-Wonju National University -"School of Computer Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China" -"The School of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University" -Taizhou University -"Technical University in Prague, 166 27 Prague 6, Technick a 2 Czech Republic" -"ECE dept, University of Miami" -"Qihoo 360 AI Institute, Beijing, China" -University of California at Berkeley -"Institute of Arti cial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), University of Groningen" -"Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 38, 72076 T bingen, Germany" -Research Center and Laboratoire -"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA" -"University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, UK" -Moradabad Institute of Technology -"ITCS, Tsinghua University" -"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone" -"Dnyanopasak College Parbhani, M.S, India" -"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran" -"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University" -"Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India" -Palo Alto Research Center (PARC -"Universit Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR" -"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo" -"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi an 710071 China" -"National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan" -"BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA" -"University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany" -"S J B Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India" -"ITEE, The University of Queensland, Australia" -"ECE, National University of Singapore, Singapore" -Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute -"UC Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si 446-701, Korea" -"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong" -"Computer Science and Engineering, Anna University, India" -"QCIS Centre, FEIT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia" -"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of" -"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands" -Curtin University of Technology -"f Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania" -"Chandigarh Engg. College, Mohali, Punjab, India" -"Rm 1365, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA" -"Tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media Sciences, Technologies and Systems" -"Human Computer Interaction Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea" -"School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire" -"Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA" -"MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram" -"Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Korea" -"Final Year Student, M.Tech IT, Vel Tech Dr. RR andDr. SR Technical University, Chennai" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham" -"USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Los Angeles, CA" -via Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2367321. Please refer to -"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece" -University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - CASED -Sponsors: Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs -"Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark" -"Birkbeck College, University of London" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, P.R.China" -"iMinds - Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium" -"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 2Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore" -"University of California, Los Angeles" -"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil, e-mail: ander" -"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -"RGPV University, Indore" -"School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom" -"M.Tech Scholar, MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram" -"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China" -"LITIS EA 4108-QuantIF Team, University of Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France" -"Exploratory Computer Vision Group, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"K.S.R. College Of Engineering, Tiruchengode, India" -"Lab, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. 3Clinical" -"University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai" -"Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China" -yAristotle University of Thessaloniki -"School of Data Science, Fudan University, China" -University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - CASED -"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone" -"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University" -"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College" -"Chandigarh Engg. College, Mohali, Punjab, India" -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands" -China University of Mining and Technol -"University of Technology, Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia" -"The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Israel" -Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other -"QCIS Centre, FEIT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia" -"School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -"Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" -"Human Computer Interaction Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea" -University of Washington and Google Inc -Imperial College London / Twente University -c(cid:176) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. All rights reserved -"University of Zaragoza, Spain" -"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ" -"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwestern University, Xi an710127, Shanxi, China" -Mme Tinne Tuytelaars Katholieke Universiteit Leuven -"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University, China" -"Dartmouth College, 6211 Sudiko Lab, Hanover, NH 03755, USA" -"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK" -"Shaoguan University, Da Tang Lu" -"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan" -"Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey" -"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwestern University, Xi an710127, Shanxi, China" -"Computer Science Division, The Open University of Israel, Israel" -Mans eld College -"PanimalarInstitute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India" -"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece" -"University of Lincoln, School of Computer Science, U.K" -"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University" -"Research Center E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" -"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanc University, stanbul, Turkey" -"P.G. Student, SRV Engineering College, sembodai, India" -"Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University" -Ho Chi Minh City University of Science -"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia" -"Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Signal Processing Institute" -"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, 100871, China" -"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology" -"in signed languages, including American Sign Language (ASL). Gestures such" -"Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3 SYSU-CMU Shunde International" -"BECS, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Finland" -"College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China" -"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China" -"Amazon, Inc" -"Correspondence should be addressed to: Astrid C. Homan, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein" -Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory -"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg" -"Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA" -"Exploratory Computer Vision Group, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center" -"The school of Data Science, Fudan University" -College of Image Arts and Sciences -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"b Computer Science, School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney" -Australian National University and NICTA -"Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA" -"GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA" -"Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong" -"Rm 1365, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA" -"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland" -"Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea" -c(cid:13)The Chinese University of Hong Kong -"cid:63) Faculty of Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics, Kingston University London" -"Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA" -Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences (IISIS -"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta" -"ITCS, Tsinghua University" -"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-844, Rep" -A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements -"Universit Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR" -"University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"ECE, National University of Singapore, Singapore" -"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of" -This work was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Award R01 MH 087610 to T.E -"Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea" -"Deprtment of Computer Science and Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, India" -"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, P.R.China" -"West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America, 2. IIIT Delhi, New Delhi" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA" -"S J B Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India" -"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China" -"Principal, Chaithanya Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kakinada, AP, India" -"K.S.R. College Of Engineering, Tiruchengode, India" -"Institute of Arti cial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), University of Groningen" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology" -Formerly: Texas AandM University -"IslamicAzad University, Qazvin, Iran" -K. N. Toosi University of -"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University, China" -"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University" -"USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Los Angeles, CA" -Achariya college of Engineering Technology -"School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore" -"Tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media Sciences, Technologies and Systems" -"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain" -"Bo gazic i University, Istanbul, Turkey" -Research Center and Laboratoire -"Division of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea" -"UniversityofMaryland, CollegePark, MD" -"Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China" -"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore" -"Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" -"Middlesex University London, 4International Hellenic University" -"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 2Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore" -University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - CASED -"Computer Science and Engineering, Anna University, India" -"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan" -"University of Notre Dame, 2IIIT-Delhi" -"Alin Moldoveanu, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest" -IBM China Research Lab -"cid:2) Imperial College London, United Kingdom" -"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras" -"CVSSP, University of Surrey" -Curtin University of Technology -"SICE, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University" -German Research Center for Arti cial Intelligence (DFKI -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular" -Research Center for Information -"Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong" -"Image Processing Center, Beihang University" -"University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain" -"California State University, Fullerton, USA" -"School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China" -"Games Studio, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney" -"Interactive and Digital Media Institute, National University of Singapore, SG" -"University of Technology, Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia" -"National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan" -"f Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania" -"DPDCE, University IUAV, Santa Croce 1957, 30135 Venice, Italy" -"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan" -"School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University" -"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China" -"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China" -"Tsinghua University, State Key Lab. of Intelligent" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany" -"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran" -"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone" -"Computer Vision Group, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany" -"University of Pisa, Largo Lucio" -"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal" -B.S. (Cornell University -"Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, McGovern Institute, MIT" -Facebook 4Texas AandM University 5IBM Research -National Taiwan University of Science and -"Engineering, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering" -"Human Computer Interaction Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea" -"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology" -"and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution" -"Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, China" -"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -"Deparment of Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK" -"Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur" -"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK" -China University of Mining and Technol -"KAUST1, University of Amsterdam2, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc" -"Language and Brain Lab, Simon Fraser University, Canada" -Mme Tinne Tuytelaars Katholieke Universiteit Leuven -"Center for Automation Research, UMIACS, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA" -"P. O. Box 4500 Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University" -"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology" -"UC Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si 446-701, Korea" -Massachusettes Institute of Technology -Submitted to the Institute for Graduate Studies in -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"Held at R.C.Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharastra, India" -"bDiscipline of Business Analytics, The University of Sydney Business School" -"Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire" -"QCIS Centre, FEIT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia" -"Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-T03), and project MMT-8115038 of the Shun Hing Institute of" -Sponsors: Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs -"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK" -"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, INDIA" -"China-Singapore Institute of Digital Media, Singapore" -Datta Meghe College of Engineering -"College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China" -"Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Germany" -"Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran" -"The Open University of Israel, Israel" -Nanjing University of Science and -"School of Mathematical Science, Peking University, China" -"University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain" -"Human-friendly Welfare Robotic System Engineering Research Center, KAIST" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -University of California at Berkeley -"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland" -"School of Computing, Staffordshire University" -"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. 2School of" -"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology" -"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College" -"Information Engineering, P. O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -Max Planck Institute f ur biologische Kybernetik -"Games Studio, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney" -"Engineering, University of Dundee" -"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg" -"Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China" -"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical College, Song Shan Hu" -"VSB Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic" -Mme Tinne Tuytelaars Katholieke Universiteit Leuven -A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements -"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan" -"abroad, or from public or private research centers" -This work was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Award R01 MH 087610 to T.E -"Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA" -"Australian National University, and NICTA" -"GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA" -and the institute of engineering and science -"Deparment of Computer Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK" -"aDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA" -"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" -"DPDCE, University IUAV, Santa Croce 1957, 30135 Venice, Italy" -Sponsors: Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs -"Qihoo 360 AI Institute, Beijing, China" -"State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Moscow, Russia" -"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanc University, stanbul, Turkey" -"Center for Information Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China" -"Alin Moldoveanu, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest" -"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China" -"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan" -"College of Medicine, Seoul National University" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, China" -"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Address Splaiul Independent ei" -Submitted to the Institute for Graduate Studies in -"PanimalarInstitute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India" -"Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Ju rez" -"LITIS EA 4108-QuantIF Team, University of Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France" -"University of Zaragoza, Spain" -"Shaoguan University, Da Tang Lu" -"Rm 1365, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA" -"California State University, Fullerton, USA" -"ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences" -University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - CASED -"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel" -"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"School of Computer Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China" -"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China" -"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran" -"The School of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University" -"to process in all the illumination conditions, including total" -Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory -"Grad. School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University" -"Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, INDIA" -"School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, China" -"School of Info. and Commu. Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications" -"M.Tech Scholar, MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram" -Northeastern University 2Microsoft Research 3City University of New York -Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST -"Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany" -"University of Notre Dame, 2IIIT-Delhi" -"Research Center E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" -"IBM Watson Research Center, Armonk, NY, USA" -"Middlesex University London, 4International Hellenic University" -Australian National University and NICTA -"UniversityofMaryland, CollegePark, MD" -"University of Freiburg, Instit ut f ur Informatik" -"Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark" -"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego" -"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, SG" -"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University" -"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University" -"School of Mathematical Science, Peking University, China" -"KAUST1, University of Amsterdam2, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc" -"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada" -"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan" -"Image Processing Center, Beihang University" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of" -Dalle Molle Institute for Arti cial Intelligence -"Dnyanopasak College Parbhani, M.S, India" -"Current Address: Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam" -IBM China Research Lab -"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Data Mining, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology" -"The Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center" -Nanjing University of Science and -"SRI International, Menlo Park California / *Brooklyn College, Brooklyn New York" -"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Utrecht, The" -"Tsinghua University, State Key Lab. of Intelligent" -"Chandigarh Engg. College, Mohali, Punjab, India" -"Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab on Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, China" -University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW -"School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire" -"RGPV University, Indore" -"P. O. Box 4500 Fin-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -University of Washington and Google Inc -"United States of America, State University of New York Albany, Albany" -"engineering, Government College of Engineering Kannur, Kerala, India" -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -facultyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencesarti cialintelligence22-09-2016|1ATitleA.UthorRijksuniversiteitGroningenSomeFaculty -"UC Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si 446-701, Korea" -"Nokia Research Center, Tampere, Finland" -"Technical University in Prague, 166 27 Prague 6, Technick a 2 Czech Republic" -Research Center for Information -Research Center E. Piaggio -"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, PA, USA" -"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham" -"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA" -B.S. (Cornell University -"Lab, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. 3Clinical" -Taizhou University -"Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA" -"LIP6, UPMC - Sorbonne University, Paris, France" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China" -"Sorbonne Universit s, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France" -"Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA" -"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece" -"Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Italy" -"ITEE, The University of Queensland, Australia" -"Interdisciplinary Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea" -"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China" -PES Modern College of Engg -Facebook 4Texas AandM University 5IBM Research -"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China" -"University Hospital Jena, Germany" -"GREYC UMR CNRS 6072 ENSICAEN-Image Team, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, 6 Boulevard Mar echal Juin" -"b School of Business, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland" -University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research -COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt -Moradabad Institute of Technology -via Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2367321. Please refer to -"Samsung RandD Institute America - Dallas, 1301 East Lookout Drive, Richardson, TX 75082, USA" -Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other -"Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Mookkannoor" -"Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited, Hong Kong, China" -"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan, Nanyang, 473000, P.R" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China" -"Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA" -"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing" -State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS -National Taiwan University of Science and -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA" -"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology" -"Center for Automation Research, UMIACS, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA" -Malaviya National Institute of Technology -"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University" -"Advanced Digital Sciences Center (ADSC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Singapore" -"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, INDIA" -"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo" -"Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -Formerly: Texas AandM University -"USC Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), Los Angeles, CA" -University of Chinese Academy of -"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology" -"School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China" -"Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong" -"Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India" -"and IBUG [32]. All of them cover large variations, including different" -"Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics School, Flinders University, Australia" -"Bo gazic i University, Istanbul, Turkey" -"University of the South Paci c, Fiji" -"and 2Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708" -"Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India" -Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences (IISIS -"DCMandB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 4 SCS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA" -Achariya college of Engineering Technology -Shandong Women s University -"Interactive and Digital Media Institute, National University of Singapore, SG" -"University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain" -"Language and Brain Lab, Simon Fraser University, Canada" -"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China" -"Paran a Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil" -"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China" -"University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, UK" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester" -"USA, 2Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine" -B.S. University of Indonesia -"Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur" -"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of" -"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing" -"State Key Lab of CADandCG, College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China" -"Toyota College, 2-1 Eisei, Toyota-shi, Aichi, 471-8525 Japan" -"Dartmouth College, 6211 Sudiko Lab, Hanover, NH 03755, USA" -"Vision Systems, Inc" -c(cid:176) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. All rights reserved -China University of Mining and Technol -"ECE dept, University of Miami" -"University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R.China" -"CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China" -Mans eld College -"P.G. Student, SRV Engineering College, sembodai, India" -"f Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania" -"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK" -"Learning Systems Group, California Institute of Technology" -Curtin University of Technology -"The school of Data Science, Fudan University" -"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong" -"Division of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA e-mail" -"School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom" -"School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore" -"CollegePark, MD" -"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA" -"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Arnesano, LE, Italy" -"Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt" -"PG Scholar, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India" -"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK" -"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone" -"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2G4, Canada" -"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA" -Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rapporteur -"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of" -"Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3 SYSU-CMU Shunde International" -"Sathyabama University Old Mamallapuram Road, Chennai, India" -"University of Oradea 410087, Universitatii 1, Romania" -"Heilongjiang University, College of Computer Science and Technology, China" -"Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coru na, Coru na, Spain" -"University of Cambridge, UK 2Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea" -"Final Year Student, M.Tech IT, Vel Tech Dr. RR andDr. SR Technical University, Chennai" -"VISILAB group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I.Industriales, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela s.n, 13071 Spain" -"Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Korea" -"IIIT-Delhi, India, 2West Virginia University" -"Key Lab. of Machine Perception, School of EECS, Peking University, China" -"and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution" -"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China" -"Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Japan" -"Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire" -"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, 100871, China" -"Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA" -"School of Data Science, Fudan University, China" -"Institute of Deep Learning, Baidu Research" -"Faculty of Information Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam" -"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, P.R. China" -"Human Computer Interaction Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea" -"Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ" -"NEC Laboratories America, Inc" -"b Computer Science, School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney" -Northwestern University) to T.E. We thank Vincent De Gardelle for helpful comments on an earlier version of -"University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany" -"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ" -"cid:2) Imperial College London, United Kingdom" -"Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA" -Moradabad Institute of Technology -"Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, India" -"LIP6, UPMC - Sorbonne University, Paris, France" -"University of California, Los Angeles" -"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. 2School of" -yAristotle University of Thessaloniki -"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi" -"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha" -University of Washington and Google Inc -"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA" -"Heilongjiang University, College of Computer Science and Technology, China" -Vector Institute for Arti cial Intelligence -"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of" -"Global Big Data Technologies Centre (GBDTC), University of Technology Sydney, Australia" -"Samsung RandD Institute America - Dallas, 1301 East Lookout Drive, Richardson, TX 75082, USA" -"Research Institute, 138 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea" -"Institute of Systems and Robotics - University of Coimbra, Portugal" -Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute -"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK" -A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements -"Pompeu Fabra University, Spain" -"Australian National University, and NICTA" -"International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan" -"Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA" -"BECS, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland" -"NEC Laboratories America, Inc" -"Caarmel Engineering College, MG University, Kerala, India" -Malaviya National Institute of Technology -"Faculty of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands" -"DPDCE, University IUAV, Santa Croce 1957, 30135 Venice, Italy" -"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA" -"University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L3G1, Canada" -K. N. Toosi University of -"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Address Splaiul Independent ei" -Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rapporteur -"Chandigarh Engg. College, Mohali, Punjab, India" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"Human-friendly Welfare Robotic System Engineering Research Center, KAIST" -B.S. (Cornell University -"QCIS Centre, FEIT, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia" -"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany" -"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology" -"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China" -"Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego" -"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, PA, USA" -yThe University of Tokyo -"Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China" -"Shaoguan University, Da Tang Lu" -"University Hospital Jena, Germany" -"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Facebook Applied Machine Learning, 3Dartmouth College" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, UK" -"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China" -"Federal University Technology Akure, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria" -Max Planck Institute f ur biologische Kybernetik -"Learning Systems Group, California Institute of Technology" -"Universiteit van Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands" -"Vision Systems, Inc" -"ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Water Resources University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam" -"School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire" -B.S. University of Indonesia -"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China" -"University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA" -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"University of Queensland, School of ITEE, QLD 4072, Australia" -"IslamicAzad University, Qazvin, Iran" -"Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, China" -"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK" -"United States of America, State University of New York Albany, Albany, New York" -"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ" -University of California at Berkeley -Formerly: Texas AandM University -"University of Pisa, Largo Lucio" -"Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran" -"Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg" -"Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA" -"Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Germany" -"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Portugal" -"University of Notre Dame, 2IIIT-Delhi" -College of Computer Science and Technology -China University of Mining and Technol -"Universit Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR" -"Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong" -"Interdisciplinary Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea" -"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 2Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore" -Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute -"SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai-603 203, Tamilnadu, India" -"Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China" -"Iftm University, Moradabad-244001 U.P" -"Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, INDIA" -"Exploratory Computer Vision Group, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center" -"CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing 100190, China" -"University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA" -"Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, China" -"Samsung RandD Institute America - Dallas, 1301 East Lookout Drive, Richardson, TX 75082, USA" -"Division of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA e-mail" -"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanc University, stanbul, Turkey" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology" -"School of Computing, Staffordshire University" -University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research -Northeastern University 2Microsoft Research 3City University of New York -"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China" -"Computer Vision Group, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India" -"Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark" -University of Chinese Academy of -Max Planck Institute f ur biologische Kybernetik -"ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences" -"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong" -"University of Queensland, School of ITEE, QLD 4072, Australia" -University of California at Berkeley / ICSI -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University" -"Grad. School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University" -"Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coru na, Coru na, Spain" -"Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Korea" -"University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea" -"University of Oradea 410087, Universitatii 1, Romania" -"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China. 2School of" -"Research Center CENTIA, Electronics and Mechatronics" -Palo Alto Research Center (PARC -"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China" -"Center for Information Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China" -"bDiscipline of Business Analytics, The University of Sydney Business School" -"Image Processing Center, Beihang University" -"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK" -"Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China" -"Amsterdam; and 3Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, University of Amsterdam" -"Center for Automation Research (CfAR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD" -"Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab on Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi an, China" -"IBM Watson Research Center, Armonk, NY, USA" -"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA" -PES Modern College of Engg -"ECE dept, University of Miami" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester" -"P.G. Student, SRV Engineering College, sembodai, India" -"Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong" -"EEMCS, University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Peking University, Beijing" -"State Key Lab of CADandCG, College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, China" -"School of Info. and Commu. Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications" -"Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China" -A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements -"Lab, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK. 3Clinical" -"Amsterdam; and 3Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, University of Amsterdam" -"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong" -"P. O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland" -"Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea" -"National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Arnesano, LE, Italy" -"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK" -"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA" -"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA" -University of Washington and Google Inc -"RoboticsResearchGroup, UniversityofOxford, Oxford, UK" -"College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China" -"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of" -"Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics School, Flinders University, Australia" -"Dep. of Applied Mathematics and Analysis, University of Barcelona, Spain" -"Dnyanopasak College Parbhani, M.S, India" -"ISTMT, University of Tunis El Manar Address: 9, Rue Docteur Zouhe r Safi 1006; 3Faculty of Medicine of Tunis; Address" -"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-844, Rep" -"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical College, Song Shan Hu" -"Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA" -"Toyota College, 2-1 Eisei, Toyota-shi, Aichi, 471-8525 Japan" -"M.Tech Scholar, MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram" -"Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular" -"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China" -"National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan" -"DSP Lab, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran" -"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Water Resources University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam" -"EEMCS, University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands" -"Computer Vision Group, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany" -"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA" -"cid:2) Imperial College London, United Kingdom" -"BECS, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland" -"Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA" -Research Center and Laboratoire -"Software, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China, 4 School of Statistics, Capital University of" -"MES College of Engineering, Kuttippuram" -"University of the South Paci c, Fiji" -"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Utrecht, The" -"College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China" -"EECS, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA" -"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK" -"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr za ska cesta" -"Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt" -"Visual Computing and Communications Lab, Arizona State University" -"Research Reports of CMP, Czech Technical University in Prague, No" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA" -"Games Studio, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney" -and the institute of engineering and science -"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, 100871, China" -"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil, e-mail: ander" -"Computer Science Division, The Open University of Israel, Israel" -University of Washington and Google Inc -"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology" -State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS -"Computer Vision Research Group, COMSATS Institute of Information" -"Tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media Sciences, Technologies and Systems" -"School of Computer Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China" -"University of Maryland, College Park; 2Arizona State University; 3Xerox Research Centre" -"Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coru na, Coru na, Spain" -"S J B Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India" -"University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai" -"Technology, Nanjing University of Aero" -Northwestern University) to T.E. We thank Vincent De Gardelle for helpful comments on an earlier version of -"LITIS EA 4108-QuantIF Team, University of Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France" -"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK" -"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo" -"Federal University Technology Akure, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria" -"University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany" -"Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand" -"ECE, National University of Singapore, Singapore" -"ECE dept, University of Miami" -Datta Meghe College of Engineering -"University Hospital Jena, Germany" -"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia" -"Interdisciplinary Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea" -"Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, P.R.China" -"b School of Business, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland" -"Cognitive Arti cial Intelligence, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht" -"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ" -"B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai-48, India" -"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, China" -"School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham" -"Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong" -"cid:63) Faculty of Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics, Kingston University London" -c(cid:176) Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2006. All rights reserved -"Research Center E. Piaggio , University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy" -COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt -"The Open University of Israel, Israel" -"State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS), Moscow, Russia" -"Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213. USA" -"Amazon, Inc" -"Jawaharlal Technological University, Anantapur" -Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Identity Sciences (IISIS -"Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA" -"Adobe Systems, Inc., 345 Park Ave, San Jose, CA" -"aSchool of Technology, University of Campinas" -"Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), University of Central Florida (UCF" -"Intelligent Systems Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3508 TB, Utrecht" -"State Key Lab. LIESMARS, Wuhan University, China" -"School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Australia" -"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University" -"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China" -Digital Media Research Center -"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China" -"Lab of Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China" -"Institute for Information Technology and Communications (IIKT), Otto-von-Guericke-University" -Institute of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR -"Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China" -"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada" -"Ultra College of Engineering and Technology for Women, India" -"Y ld z Teknik University, Istanbul, TR" -"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada" -"Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK" -"cid:130) Computer Perception Lab, California State University, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA" -"Computer vision and Remote Sensing, Berlin university of Technology" -"Electrical, Electronics and Automation Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute" -- cgit v1.2.3-70-g09d2